Epidemiological Characteristics Of COVID-19 Patients Research Articles

Characteristics Epidemiological Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients in Hospitalization RSU Royal Prima Marelan in 2021

COVID-19 is one of the infectious diseases originating from a new type of corona virus known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has become a concern because it has caused a lot of morbidity and mortality. This study aims to describe the general characteristics of COVID-19 patients at RSU Royal Prima Marelan, such as gender, age, occupation, domicile, length of stay, clinical symptoms, co-morbidities, patient criteria, and mortality. This research method uses a descriptive quantitative approach. The study population was all COVID-19 patients treated at RSU Royal Prima Marelan in 2021 with a sample of 125. The results showed that COVID-19 was more common in the male group of 68 (54%). With age 20-60 years 88 (70%). Working status 70 (56%). A total of 76 people are currently married (61%). Non-Marelan domicile (89%). Length of treatment 1 week 82 (66%) with criteria suspect 81 (65%). The mortality rate for COVID-19 patients is 12%. Clinical symptoms experienced were cough (94%), shortness of breath (90%), and fever (89%). With comorbid hypertension 27 (22%), DM 6 (5%), asthma 7 (6%). In conclusion, the characteristics of COVID-19 patients mostly occur in the male group with an age range of 20-60 years, symptoms that arise such as fever, shortness of breath and cough with comorbid hypertension, DM and asthma. Mortality was recorded at 12% with hypertension as the highest comorbid disease

Epidemiological analysis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients on ships arriving at Busan port in Korea, 2020.

Quarantine played an important role in preventing the spread of infectious diseases between countries in the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak. In particular, in ports, infection during transit can cause a large number of patients on board ships and can flow into the community. In this study investigated cause of the cause of transmission in ships and suggested the way of preventing secondary transmission by analyzing clinical and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients identified at Busan Port (South Korea) in 2020. During the study period, out of 19,396 ships that arrived at Busan Port, 50 ships had COVID-19 confirmed cases. Among the 50 ships, type of deep-sea fishing vessels (24 ships, 48.0%), ships weighing less than 5,000 tons (31 ships, 62.0%), and ships from Russia (41 ships, 82.0%) had the highest positivity rates. Total 283 of the 25,450 arrivals tested positive for COVID-19 (a positivity rate of 1.1%), and 270 (95.4%) were asymptomatic. Moreover, the number of COVID-19 patients increased with the duration of the waiting period between arrival and sample collection (12.7% to 37.4%), and the positivity rate was significantly higher for those working as stewards (64.3%). These results indicate secondary transmission was active on board ships and that infection among stewards importantly contributed to group outbreaks. In addition, onboard residence time after arrival significantly elevated to COVID-19 positivity rates, indicating that rapid isolation, as determined using various screening techniques, might be effective at preventing onboard transmission and subsequent community outbreaks.

Epidemiological Profiles of COVID-19 Patients Admitted to Intensive Care

Objective: Describe the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Methods: This was a prospective observational study of 6 months (August 2020 to February 2021) carried out at the COVID-19 resuscitation service of the Mohammed V military hospital. Results: During the study period, all patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2; 300 were admitted to intensive care. The average age of patients was 67±11 years, with 217 male (72.3%) of cases, with a sex ratio (M/F) of 2.61. The majority of patients with at least one medical comorbidity 54%, including diabetes (35.7%), high blood pressure (31.8%), and obesity (29.7%). The mortality rate was 53.3% of all patients admitted to intensive care. Conclusion: During this period all patients declared COVID-19 a small proportion of patients were admitted to intensive care. These patients were mainly elderly and male, with at least one comorbidity.

Epidemiological Profiles of COVID-19 Patients Admitted to Intensive Care

Objective: Describe the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Methods: This was a prospective observational study of 6 months (August 2020 to February 2021) carried out at the COVID-19 resuscitation service of the Mohammed V military hospital. Results: During the study period, all patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2; 300 were admitted to intensive care. The average age of patients was 67±11 years, with 217 male (72.3%) of cases, with a sex ratio (M/F) of 2.61. The majority of patients with at least one medical comorbidity 54%, including diabetes (35.7%), high blood pressure (31.8%), and obesity (29.7%). The mortality rate was 53.3% of all patients admitted to intensive care. Conclusion: During this period all patients declared COVID-19 a small proportion of patients were admitted to intensive care. These patients were mainly elderly and male, with at least one comorbidity.

Epidemiological Characteristics, Disease Knowledge of COVID-19 Patients in Dong Thap

Abstract: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from August 2021 to September 2021 to describe the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients at the field hospital in Dong Thap Community College. The study collected epidemiological data from 240 subjects. The results show that the male/female ratio is 1.2/1; the mean age was 29.2±15.1(1-65) years old; the proportion of subjects having contact with the pandemic area is 90%. The percentage of patients who caught Covid-19 from their family is the highest (62.1%), followed by the number of patients with an unknown source of infection (24.6%) and the number of patients who caught Covid-19 from community transmission (13.3%). The mean time between infection to hospitalization was 4.8 days. The percentage of subjects having 1st dose of vaccine is 12.5%. Most patients acknowledge the COVID-19 pandemic and know the modes of transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Most of the sick people practiced adequately or inadequately 5K measures in the community and did not practice disease prevention measures at home. The goals of this study are: i) Contributing to a general assessment of epidemiological factors and the accumulated understanding of the disease of COVID-19 patients in general, and COVID-19 subjects at the field hospital of Dong Thap Community College in particular; and ii) Contributing to the development of better disease prevention measures.
 Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, epidemiological characteristics.

A Large Retrospective Study of Epidemiological Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients in the North of Iran: Association between SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Ct Values with Demographic Data.

Objectives To avoid worsening from mild, moderate, and severe diseases and to reduce mortality, it is necessary to identify the subpopulation that is more vulnerable to the development of COVID-19 unfavorable consequences. This study aims to investigate the demographic information, prevalence rates of common comorbidities among negative and positive real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) patients, and the association between SARS-CoV-2 cycle threshold (Ct) at hospital admission, demographic data, and outcomes of the patients in a large population in Northern Iran. Methods This large retrospective cross-sectional study was performed from 7 March to 20 December 2020. Demographic data, including gender, age, underlying diseases, clinical outcomes, and Ct values, were obtained from 8,318 cases suspected of COVID-19, who were admitted to four teaching hospitals affiliated to Babol University of Medical Sciences (MUBABOL), in the north of Iran. Results Since 7 March 2020, the data were collected from 8,318 cases suspected of COVID-19 (48.5% female and 51.5% male) with a mean age of 53 ± 25.3 years. Among 8,318 suspected COVID-19 patients, 3,250 (39.1%) had a positive rRT-PCR result; 1,632 (50.2%) patients were male and 335 (10.3%) patients died during their hospital stay. The distribution of positive rRT-PCR revealed that most patients (464 (75.7%)) had a Ct between 21 and 30 (Group B). Conclusion Elderly patients, lower Ct, patients having at least one comorbidity, and male cases were significantly associated with increased risk for COVID-19-related mortality. Moreover, mortality was significantly higher in patients with diabetes, kidney disease, and respiratory disease.

Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Re-Detected on PCR Test after Discharge from Isolation.

There have been multiple reports of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) testing positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) after discharge; however, information on the characteristics of such cases is limited. In this case report, we aimed to identify clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients who had a repeat positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for SARS-CoV-2. We analyzed data of 22 COVID-19 patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing after two consecutive negative PCR results following discharge from hospitals. The interval between the two positive tests in the episodes of COVID-19 ranged from 4 to 117 days. More than one-third of the cases were healthcare workers (HCWs) and one-third of them had comorbidities. The main symptoms were cough and fever, and we noticed that males experienced more symptoms and signs of COVID-19 than females. Individuals with repeat SARS-CoV-2 positivity tend to experience milder illness during the second episode than the first episode. To confirm the reinfection of SARS-CoV-2, the results of other tests, such as viral culture and immunological assays of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM), need to be considered. Recovered COVID-19 patients should continue social distancing, using face masks, and practicing hand hygiene, especially HCWs who are more likely to be exposed to SARS-CoV-2.

Clinical, Demographic, and Epidemiological Characteristics of Patients Diagnosed with COVID-19 in Zahedan, Southeastern Iran

: As the epidemic spreads, COVID-19 poses a severe threat to the health of communities. Description of epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients helps with the prevention and scientific control of the pandemic. This descriptive study was conducted to describe the clinical, demographic, and epidemiological characteristics of 65 patients suspected of having COVID-19. A research-made questionnaire was used for data collection. Moreover, the patient's vital signs were examined. The samples were classified into the two groups of subjects with positive and negative RT-PCR test. Descriptive statistics were used for the analysis of data. The most common manifestations were fever, shortness of breath, and dry cough. Moreover, the lowest proportion belonged to Rh-negative in all ABO blood groups. The patients were mainly male, about 44 years old, and their first and most common manifestations were fever, shortness of breath, and dry cough. In vital signs examination, reduction of blood oxygen saturation was the most important finding. Health centers need to consider these signs in treating COVID-19 patients.

Prevalence of comorbidities and its impacts in Hospitalized patients with COVID-19

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of comorbidities in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and its effects on the severity of the disease. The coronavirus pandemic has been a challenging problem for health care systems since December 2019. Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study analyzing data related to the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients admitted to Razi Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran from   November 2020 to February 2021. The data on patient demographic characteristics including age, gender, and underlying diseases were collected from patient records. Patients whose data were unavailable or incomplete were excluded from the study. Results: The mean age of all of the 730 patients studied was 56.30±16.36 years, and 53.7% of them were men. Nearly 40% of the patients reported more than one comorbidity, with diabetes mellitus being the most frequent one (37.5%) followed by hypertension (35.3%) and ischemic heart disease (24.9). In addition, 21.5% of the patients required intensive care unit admission. Finally, 11.9% of the patients had respiratory distress and became intubated, and approximately 13.6% of the patients died. Hyperlipidemia, liver failure, tuberculosis, and elevated inflammatory biomarkers are risk factors for ICU admission and death.  Conclusion: we found that male gender, older age, hyperlipidemia, liver failure, TB, having more than one comorbidity, and elevated inflammatory biomarkers were significantly associated with the risk of severe COVID-19 disease.

Clinical features, severity, and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 infection: A follow-up study

Few epidemiological investigations explored disease outcomes in patients with COVID-19 in Iraqi Kurdistan. The association of clinical and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients with outcomes was examined in this study. Patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 from a private clinic were followed up until recovery or death between 15th August and 20th October 2020. The mean age of the COVID-19 patients was 47.12 (6-90 years). Fatigue (76.15%), myalgia (66.53%), fever (65.33%), cough (62.53%), sweating (58.52%), and headache (56.11%) were the most prevalent symptoms. Most of the patients had mild severity (350, 70.14%) followed by moderate (74, 14.83%), severe (46, 9.22%), and critical (29, 5.81%). The case fatality rate (CFR) was 5.41% (n=27) and was significantly increased with increasing severity; mild (0.0%), moderate (1.35%), severe (10.87%), and critical (72.41%; P<0.001). The patients with the critical and severe situations were significantly older; medians: 67 vs 55 years compared to those patients with moderate and mild situations; medians: 51 vs 45 years; P<0.001. The patients who died were significantly older compared to recovered patients; medians: 65 vs 46 years; P<0.001, respectively. The disease severity was the only factor to predict mortality in patients with COVID-19 disease. Concerning the severity, being older, having anorexia, fatigue, pleurisy, diarrhea, fever, sweating, shortness of breath, and being male were determined to be predictors of severity in COVID-19 patients. The incidence rate of severe/critical conditions was significantly increased with increasing age. The older age was determined to be a predictor for higher mortality.

Epidemiological Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients in Kütahya Province in Turkey

Aim: It is aimed to evaluate the epidemiological features of COVID-19 patients and risk factors affecting hospitalization. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 883 adult patients whose Polymerase Chain Reaction tests were positive for SARS-CoV-2 in Kütahya province until July 2020. The patients were questioned in terms of their socio-demographic characteristics, drugs, comorbidities, and symptoms. They were divided into two groups according to their hospitalization status and outpatient treatment status. Results: There were 473 female and 410 male participants in the study. 532 of 883 adult patients were hospitalized. The most common symptoms were fatigue (47.9%), myalgia (44.7%), and loss of smell and taste (32.4%). Hospitalization was associated with advanced age, low income, presence of additional disease, several symptoms, smoking, comorbidities including diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney diseases, cardiovascular and respiratory system. In multivariant analyses, advance age, low income, fever, dyspnea and chronic lung diseases were associated with increased odds of hospital admission. Conclusion: In our study, it was found that independent risk factors for hospitalization were advanced age, low income, fever, shortness of breath, and chronic lung diseases. We think that determining risk factors for hospitalization may be a guide for clinicians in predicting patient prognosis. Keywords: COVID-19, epidemiology, hospitalization, symptoms, comorbidity

Epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients treated at the Emergency Department of the Hospital Militar Central Luis Arias Schreiber

Objective: To determine the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients treated at the Emergency Department of the Hospital Militar Central Luis Arias Schreiber from July to October 2020. Materials and methods: A descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study was carried out with 89 patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 on molecular and/or rapid tests. The information was collected from the daily progress report of the patients treated at the hospital’s Emergency Department from July to October 2020. The results were processed using the IBM SPSS Statistics V25.0. Results: Males were more likely to test positive for COVID-19 (84.27 %). Most cases occurred in patients aged between 50 and 59 (34.83 %). The highest percentage of deaths was found in patients older than 70 years, out of whom 71.43 % were females. Comorbidities were reported in patients aged 40 and older, out of whom 67.41 % had at least one of them. Obesity was the most frequent comorbidity, followed by hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sixty-seven point four one percent(67.41 %) of the patients required non-invasive ventilation and most of them were hospitalized. Twenty-one point three four percent (21.34 %) of the patients required mechanic ventilation and 68.42 % were admitted to the intensive care unit. Conclusions: The most common characteristics of COVID-19 patients are male sex, ages between 50 and 59 years old, and obesity. Additionally, using non-invasive ventilation had a better prognosis than using mechanical ventilation.

Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in Hormozgan, Iran: A Retrospective, Multicenter Study.

To better manage the COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to carefully study information about patients with COVID-19. Objective: To report clinical and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients in southern Iran. This cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted based on data extracted from the COVID-19 registry of Hormozgan. Data from patients with confirmed COVID-19 based on CT-scan results or real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results until September 25, 2020, were analyzed for this study (2351 inpatients). We reported demographics, signs and symptoms on admission, comorbidities, and treatments, as well as clinical outcomes, hospital stay, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Most of patients were men (1235/2351; 52.5%) and the most common signs and symptoms included cough (1343/2351; 57.1%), shortness of breath (1224/2351; 52.1%) and fever. The most common comorbidities included hypertension (410/2351 (17.4%), diabetes (343/2351; 14.6%) and chronic cardiac disease (282/2351; 12%). Also, 228 patients (9.7%) were hospitalized in the ICU. The mortality rate was 12.5% (295/2351) among all patients and 64.5% (147/228) in ICU wards, respectively. The number of cases with comorbidities including hypertension, chronic cardiac disease, diabetes, chronic neurological disorders, chronic kidney disease, chronic hematologic disease, malignant neoplasm, moderate or severe liver disease, dementia and fauvism in the ICU was significantly higher than the general wards. Most characteristics of our patients were similar to those reported in other studies; however, our patients were younger and suffered from a less severe disease. The mortality rate in the ICU was higher than other studies.

Clinical and Epidemiological Features of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Introduction: Since the start of COVID-19 pandemic in December 2019, until mid-April 2020 the total number of cases worldwide exceeded two millions and the death toll exceeded 130000 cases.
 Objective: The current study conducted to explore the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients, fatality of this disease and its mortality risk factors in major hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS).
 Methods: The data were collected in four major teaching hospitals affiliated with TUMS for all the patients that were admitted between Feb 19th and Apr 15th 2020 and were diagnosed as COVID-19 using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), clinical diagnosis and/or lung computed tomography (CT) scan. The case fatality rate of the disease was estimated by age, sex, symptoms, comorbidities, and type of diagnosis. Logistic regression model was used to examine the associations between different factors and in-hospital deaths.
 Results: By Apr 15th 2020, a total of 4377 patients were admitted with COVID-19 diagnosis in four selected hospitals and 496 (11.3%) of these patients died in hospital. The case fatality rate of this disease was 28.8% in the ≥80-year age group, which was the highest compared to the other age groups. The case fatality rates were 12.5% and 9.8% among men and women, respectively. The results of multiple logistic regression on the outcome of death indicated that age, sex, cough, myalgia, reduced consciousness at arrival and past history of cancer were significantly associated with in-hospital death. Adjusting the effect of other variables, for each 10-year increase in age, the odds of death due to COVID-19 was 1.61 times greater (adjusted OR 1.61, 95% CI: 1.51 to 1.72, p<0.001).
 Conclusions: Older age, the male gender, past history of comorbidities (particularly cancer) and reduced consciousness at arrival are among the factors that can significantly increase the odds of in-hospital death in COVID 19 patients. These factors might be helpful in detecting and managing patients with poorer prognosis.

Epidemiology of Covid-19 in Yemen: A Descriptive Study

In Yemen, the first COVID-19 confirmed case was reported on 10 April 2020. The World Health Organization representative in Yemen reported that approximately 65000 deaths and 49, 4000 will be hospitalized in Yemen if there are no protection measures at the right time. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Yemen. From May 20 to 31, 2020, the data were obtained from the National Center of Public Health Laboratories, Ministry of Health and population, Aden, Yemen. Confirmed cases are defined as polymerase chain reaction assay (PCR) positive. Cases included in this study are laboratory-positive cases. A retrospective study was used to determine the first 53 confirmed epidemiological characteristics of patients with COVID-19 in Yemen. This data includes the date of diagnosis, gender, age, governorates, and clinical symptoms. Data analyzed using SPSS V.22. A total number of 53 confirmed cases were obtained from the National Center of Public Health Laboratories, Ministry of Health and population, Aden, Yemen. The majority of  the  participants  were  male  (72%),  age  less  than  39  years  (40%),  and  from  Aden  governorate  (43%).  The  most  typical symptoms reported among the participants were fever and cough (90%), followed by the sore throat (81%). The COVID-19 is common in Yemen among males, those less than 39 years old, and from Aden. This study’s findings may help guide the decision- makers, frontliners, and medical staff in the clinical management outbreak.  

Genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 and clinical, epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Hanoi, Vietnam.

A second cluster of COVID-19 cases imported from Europe occured in Vietnam from early March 2020. We describe 44 SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive patients (cycle threshold value <30) admitted to the National Hospital for Tropical Diseases in Hanoi between March 6 and April 15 2020. Whole SARS-CoV-2 genomes from these patients were sequenced using Illumina Miseq and analysed for common genetic variants and relationships to local and globally circulating strains. Results showed that 32 cases were Vietnamese with a median age of 37 years (range 15–74 years), and 23 were male. Most cases were acquired outside Vietnam, mainly from the UK (n = 15), other European countries (n = 14), Russia (n = 6) and countries in Asia (n = 3). No cases had travelled from China. Forty-one cases had symptoms at admission, typically dry cough (n = 36), fever (n = 20), sore throat (n = 14) and diarrhoea (n = 12). Hospitalisation was long with a median of 25 days, most commonly from 20–29 days. All SARS-CoV-2 genomes were similar (92–100% sequence homology) to the reference sequence Wuhan_1 (NC_045512), and 32 strains belonged to the B.1.1 lineage. The three most common variants were linked, and included C3037T, C14408T (nsp12: P323L) and A23403G (S: D614G) mutations. This group of mutations often accompanied variant C241T (39/44 genomes) or GGG 28881..28883 AAC (33/44 genomes). The prevalence of the former reflected probable European origin of viruses, and the transition D614G was dominant in Vietnam. New variants were identified; however, none could be associated with disease severity.

Epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients of tertiary care hospital of Western Rajasthan

Background: COVID – 19 is a pandemic that originated from Wuhan, China in the end of 2019. The objective of the present study is to report the epidemiological and clinical features of COVID-19 patients of tertiary care hospital of Western Rajasthan, India.Methods: A total of 1632 cases of COVID-19 were investigated. The patients tested positive by RT-PCR assay were included in the study. The data was obtained from medical record forms of the patients.Results: Out of total patients, 63.42% patients were male and 81.06% of patients were below age of 50 years. The mean of age was 34.93 ±17.61 years and median of age was 32 years. Asymptomatic patients or patients with mild symptoms constituted 66.66% of the study population and 35% of patients had comorbidities. The major comorbidities included diabetes mellitus (2.81%), hypertension (1.59%) and pulmonary diseases (1.04%). Total 40 deaths occurred so the overall CFR was 2.45%. Among the 40 deaths, the mean of age was 57.57±15.67 years. Patients over 50 years of age had the highest CFR among the age groups (18.93%). The CFR for males was 2.34% and for females 2.68%. A total of 14 (35.00%) of patients had multiple comorbidities.Conclusions: The findings of our study emphasize the significant impact of old age and multiple comorbidities on the risk of mortality among COVID-19 patients. It is suggested to take adequate preventative measures more seriously in elderly patients. Also regarding medical care, it is vital to pay special attention to elderly patients with comorbidities.

A Correlation Analysis between the Nutritional Status and Prognosis of COVID-19 Patients.

PurposeThe present study investigated the correlation between the nutritional status and prognosis of COVID-19 patients, and analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients with different nutritional status.Methods429 patients who were diagnosed positive for COVID-19 in Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from December 2019 to March 2020 were selected and divided into different groups based on Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score (0–4: the low CONUT score group; 5–12: the high CONUT score group). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to investigate the effects of CONUT score on prognosis.ResultsThe total score of admission status of patients with higher CONUT score was higher than that of those with lower CONUT score (χ2 = 7.152, P = 0.007). The number of adverse outcomes of female was higher than that of male (χ2 = 10.253, P = 0.001). The number of adverse outcomes was higher for patients with smoking history (P = 0.004) or hypertension (χ2 = 11.240, P = 0.001) than those without. Also, the number of adverse outcomes was higher for older patients than younger ones (χ2 = 15.681, P < 0.001). Patients with adverse outcomes had lower urine red blood cell count than patients without adverse outcomes (χ2 = 5.029, P = 0.025). However, BMI, drinking history and diabetes did not show correlation with the prognosis of COVID-19 (P > 0.05). Among patients ≥ 61 years old, the risk of adverse outcomes in the high CONUT score group was 6.191 times that of the low CONUT score group (OR = 6.191, 95% CI: 1.431–26.785). Among the non-diabetic patients, the risk of adverse outcomes in the high CONUT group was 11.678 times that of the low CONUT group (OR = 11.678, 95% CI: 2.754–49.41). For the patients who had a total score of admission status < 6, the risk of adverse outcomes in the high CONUT score group was 8.216 times that of the low CONUT score group (OR = 8.216, 95% CI: 2.439–27.682).ConclusionCOVID-19 patients with good nutritional status showed a small chance to have adverse outcomes. Gender, age, hypertension, the number of urine red blood cell count and CONUT score affected the adverse outcomes of patients.

Pre-existing cerebrovascular disease and poor outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalized patients: a meta-analysis.

BackgroundDue to pro-inflammatory and hypercoagulation states, COVID-19 infection is believed to increase the risk of stroke and worsen the outcomes of the patients having pre-existing cerebrovascular diseases (CeVD). There is limited literature on prevalence of pre-existing CeVD in COVID-19 patients, and outcomes are unknown. The objective of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the outcomes of COVID-19 patients with pre-existing CeVD.MethodsEnglish full-text-observational studies having data on epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients were identified searching PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus using MeSH-terms COVID-19 OR coronavirus OR SARS-CoV-2 OR 2019-nCoV from December 1, 2019 to April 30, 2020. Studies having CeVD or stroke as one of the pre-existing comorbidities and described outcomes including intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation utilization, and mortality were selected with consensus of three reviewers. Following MOOSE protocol, 11 studies were included. The pooled prevalence of CeVD and outcomes were calculated. Meta-regression was performed, and correlation coefficient (r) and odds ratio (OR) were estimated to evaluate the effects of pre-existing CeVD on outcomes of COVID-19 patients. Meta-analysis with random-effects model was used to calculate OR along with its 95% CI from the studies containing data on composite poor outcome.ResultsOut of 8/11 studies showing data on mortality and mechanical ventilation, and 7/11 on ICU admission, pooled prevalence of pre-existing CeVD was 4.4% (244/4987). In age-adjusted meta-regression analysis, pre-existing CeVD was associated with ICU admission [r: 0.60; OR: 1.82 (1.25–2.69)], mechanical ventilation [r: 0.29; OR: 1.33 (1.09–1.63)], and mortality [r: 0.35; OR: 1.42 (1.14–1.77)] amongst COVID-19 hospitalizations. 9/11 studies reported data on binary composite outcomes, the pooled prevalence of pre-existing CeVD was 4.3% (155/3603) and 7.46% (83/1113) amongst COVID-19 hospitalizations and COVID-19 hospitalization-related poor outcomes, respectively. In meta-analysis, COVID-19 patient with pre-existing CeVD had 2.67-fold (1.75–4.06) higher odds of poor outcomes.ConclusionCOVID-19 patients with pre-existing cerebrovascular disease have poor outcomes and extra precautions should be taken in managing such patients during the ongoing pandemic.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s00415-020-10141-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients in Chongqing China

Objectives: To study in-depth the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pneumonia resulting from COVID-19 and provide evidence for effective public health decisions.Methods: This was a retrospective, single-center research study. Participants were enrolled from patients presenting at the Chongqing Public Health Medical Treatment Center from Jan 24 to Feb 7, 2020, and were confirmed as having COVID-19.Results: A total of 114 COVID-19 patients (99 mild, 4 severe, 11 critical) of which 56 (56/114; 49.1%) were male, 58 (58/114; 50.9%) were female with a mean age of 46.05 years. Twenty nine (29/114; 25.44%) patients suffered from chronic diseases. Neutrophils counts in 23.68% (27/114) of patients were abnormally low and abnormally high in 21.05% (24/114). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and the C-reactive protein levels were abnormally elevated in 76.5% (62/81) and 62.9% (66/105) of patients, respectively. Creatine kinase isoenzymes (CK-MB), pro-brain natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP) and troponin levels were above the normal range in 7.10% (8/112), 66.7% (10/15), and 100% of patients, respectively. The percentage of patients in which the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2)/fraction of inspired O2(FiO2) ratio exceeded 200 was 60%. A total of 91 (91/114; 79.82%) patients displayed severe bilateral pneumonia, 52 (52/114; 45.61%) exhibited ground-glass opacity, and pulmonary consolidation was observed in 4 (3.51%) patients. Differences in shortness of breath, insomnia, inappetence, the procalcitonin (PCT) levels, FiO2 and PaO2/FiO2 among the three groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Differences between the mild and severe groups was observed in neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, CD4 expression, and levels of C-reactive protein, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and albumin (P < 0.05). Between the mild and critical groups, differences were observed in neutrophils, platelets, and CD4 expression (P < 0.05). A difference in C-reactive protein levels between severe and critical groups was also found (P < 0.05).Conclusions: In the majority of cases no gender differences were observed and mostly the symptoms were mild. Evidence of efficient human-to-human virus transmission was found. The elderly with comorbidities were more prone to develop into severe or critical illness. Age and comorbidity may be risk factors for poor outcome.