Eosinophilic Inclusion Bodies Research Articles

Keratin 20 positive SDH-deficient renal cell carcinoma: a case report and literature review

This study aims to broaden the morphological scope of SDH-deficient renal cell carcinoma and to assist clinicians and pathologists in better understanding this entity to prevent misdiagnosis. This study used immunohistochemistry staining and the first-generation sequencing Sanger method for gene detection. It retrospectively analysed the clinical pathology, molecular characteristics, biological behaviour, and treatment information of one case of SDH-deficient renal cell carcinoma. The patient was a 57-year-old female with right back pain for more than 20 days and had no personal or family history of kidney tumours. In addition, the tumour cells had clear boundaries in morphology, and residual normal renal tubules could be seen around them. There were also ossification and adipose tissue around the tumour centre. The tumour cells were arranged in a glandular tubular and cord-like manner. Vacuolar and eosinophilic inclusion bodies could be observed in the cytoplasm. The nucleus was regular, the chromatin distribution was fine, and there were no obvious nucleoli. They were low-grade nuclei. In addition, no atypical mitosis or necrosis could been found. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry staining showed SDHB-negative and keratin 20 -positive tumour. Meanwhile, the first-generation sequencing also pointed out the presence of SDHB gene mutations in the tumour. After 12 months of follow-up, there was no evidence of disease recurrence in the patient. SDH-deficient renal cell carcinoma is a rare tumour associated with SDH gene germline mutations, and suspected cases should undergo SDHB immunohistochemistry staining. Most SDH-deficient renal cell carcinomas have a good prognosis, but undifferentiated cases require long-term follow-up.

Novel Gammaherpesvirus Infections in Narrow-Ridged Finless Porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis) and False Killer Whales (Pseudorca crassidens) in the Republic of Korea.

A female narrow-ridged finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis) stranded on a beach on Jeju Island showed epithelial proliferative skin lesions on its body. Two false killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens), caught using nets near Gangneung and Samcheok, respectively, had multiple plaques on their penile epidermis. Histological examination of the epidermis revealed that all the lesions had common features, including accentuated rete pegs, ballooning changes, and eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion (INI) bodies. Based on the histopathological results, herpesvirus infection was suspected, and thus further analysis was conducted using herpesvirus-specific primers. Based on nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests using the herpesvirus-detectable primers, the PCR products demonstrated two fragments: a 222-base-pair (bp) sequence of the DNA polymerase gene, SNUABM_CeHV01, showing 96.4% identity with a bottlenose dolphin herpesvirus from the Jeju narrow-ridged finless porpoise; and a 222 bp sequence of the DNA polymerase gene, SNUABM_CeHV02, showing 95.95% identity with the same bottlenose dolphin herpesvirus from the Gangneung and Samcheok false killer whales. The significance of this study lies in its ability to demonstrate the existence of novel cetacean herpesviruses in South Korean seawater, representing an important step forward in studying potentially harmful pathogens that affect endangered whale and dolphin populations.

Poster presentationsDP11 Bright, eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies: a rare presentation of acquired epidermodysplasia verruciformis with widespread human papillomavirus infection in a transplant recipient

Poster presentationsDP11 Bright, eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies: a rare presentation of acquired epidermodysplasia verruciformis with widespread human papillomavirus infection in a transplant recipient

Pathological and phylogenetic characterization of a rare fowl adenovirus (FAdV-8b) associated with inclusion body hepatitis in naturally infected Meleagris gallopavo.

Adenoviruses are a diverse group of viruses that can cause a variety of diseases in poultry, including respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. In turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo), adenoviruses commonly cause hemorrhagic enteritis and, rarely, inclusion body hepatitis. In this study, we investigated fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) circulating in turkeys in Egypt. Following clinical examination of 500 birds, a portion of the hexon gene was amplified from four out of 50 samples from diseased birds (8%), and one amplicon that produced a strong band was selected for sequencing. Molecular and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the virus in that sample belonged to serotype FAdV-8b. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations of prepared tissue sections were performed to confirm the pathological findings. Diseased birds exhibited ruffled feathers, low body weight, a crouching posture, and diarrhea. Gross examination revealed petechial hemorrhage on the spleen, swollen pale liver, and congested intestine. Microscopic examination revealed the presence of eosinophilic and basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies, nuclear pyknosis, and apoptotic bodies in the liver, congestion, hemorrhage, and fibrosis in the lungs, and desquamation of enterocytes. The presence of viral antigens in the liver, lungs, and intestine was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the characterization of an outbreak of inclusion body hepatitis in turkeys (hybrid converter breeds) due to FAdV-8b in Egypt. This finding raises an epidemiological alarm, necessitating further studies, including full-genome sequencing, to trace the virus's origin and genetic diversity.

Dermoscopy of molluscum contagiosum

Molluscum contagiosum is a common benign viral infection affecting children, sexually active adults, and immunocompromised individuals. We present the case of a 28-year-old male with advanced HIV who developed scattered pink papules over a 2-year period. Through clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathologic evaluations, a diagnosis of molluscum contagiosum was eventually confirmed. Dermoscopy revealed numerous whitish round to polylobular amorphous structures with visible branching vessels. Histopathologic examination showed cup-shaped inverted lobules of hyperplastic squamous epithelium with eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. This case highlights the importance of dermoscopy in the accurate diagnosis of molluscum contagiosum in immunocompromised patients, reinforcing its role as a non-invasive diagnostic tool in dermatology.

Morphological changes in the small intestine mesentery of cats with infectious peritonitis

The research relevance is determined by an insufficient study of morphological changes in the mesentery of cats with infectious peritonitis, even though their understanding is necessary to explain the mechanism of development of the main symptom of the disease – the effusion of fluid into the abdominal cavity. The research aims to establish gross and microscopic changes in the mesentery of the small intestine of cats with infectious peritonitis. The research employs gross and histological examination of the mesentery of the small intestine of cats at the infectious peritonitis. Slides of the mesentery were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. At dry and mixed forms of infectious peritonitis, gross and microscopic changes in the mesentery of the small intestine of cats are similar. In the mesentery grossly, small white spots were found, which protruded above the general surface and had a homogeneous appearance on the section. Microscopic changes in the mesentery of the small intestine of cats with dry and mixed forms of infectious peritonitis were also similar. When conducting histological studies, it was established that the mesothelium on the surface of the mesentery was necrotized or absent. The submesothelial layer of collagen fibres was necrotized or contained partially lysed and fragmented fibres. The loose fibrous connective tissue of the mesentery was swollen, necrotized in places, and infiltrated by lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages. Eosinophilic inclusion bodies were detected in the cytoplasm of some monocytes and macrophages. Foci of adipose tissue in the mesentery of the small intestine were infiltrated by lymphocytes and monocytes. Necrosis and destruction of their walls were found in blood vessels and destruction of endothelial cells in lymphatic vessels. Perivascular lymphoid nodules were markedly enlarged due to their swelling and an increase in the number of cells in them. In perivascular lymphoid nodules, expansion of lymphatic vessels and destruction of part of their endothelium cells were also established. Some of the lymphatic vessels of the mesentery were expanded and filled with lymph, which contained a significant number of lymphocytes, monocytes, and single neutrophils. The materials presented in the article are of practical value for anatomists, histologists and pathomorphologists, as well as for scientists who study the pathogenesis of infectious peritonitis in cats

Naturally occurring psittacid alphaherpesvirus 3 and probable adenovirus coinfection in an Indian ringneck parakeet in the United States.

Psittacid alphaherpesvirus 3 (PsAHV-3) is a rarely reported virus that has been associated with pneumonia in psittacine birds. A 5-mo-old Indian ringneck parakeet (syn. rose-ringed parakeet; Psittacula krameri) was euthanized after developing torticollis and lethargy. Postmortem examination of the parakeet revealed severe pneumonia with syncytial cells containing eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies (INIBs) in the respiratory epithelium. Gene sequencing of total DNA extraction detected PsAHV-3 in the frozen lung. The pancreas had severe lytic necrosis, with the remaining parenchymal cells expanded by large basophilic INIBs. Electron microscopy of the pancreas revealed intranuclear paracrystalline arrays of viral particles morphologically resembling adenovirus. Although we found 3 PsAHV-3 cases in birds in a literature search, we found no cases with adenoviral coinfection.

Fatal avian pox in a backyard flock of domestic ducks in Bangladesh

AbstractThis case study describes a fatal avian pox outbreak in a backyard flock of domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) in Bangladesh. A total of six ducks of varying ages were affected and presented with solid tumour‐like masses on the legs. A 6.5‐month‐old female duck was presented for clinical examination, and a 2 cm3 solid, nodular mass was surgically excised from the left leg. Histopathological examination of the tumour mass revealed marked epidermal hyperplasia with ballooning degeneration and eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, as well as severe proliferation and necrotising dermatitis, with marked heterophilic and histiocytic infiltration. Electron microscopy revealed numerous dumbbell‐shaped virus particles within the intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies on degenerating keratinocytes, confirming Avipoxvirus infection. This is the first case report of avian pox in ducks in Bangladesh.

Clinicopathological Investigations Among Recurrent Camelpox Outbreaks in Omanis’ Arabian Camels (Camelus dromedarius)

Camelpox remains a widespread viral disease in camelids, with socioeconomic relevance. The present study explored the hematological, biochemical, and histopathological alterations in dromedary-racing camels from the North of Oman infected with camelpox virus diagnosed by real-time PCR. Blood and skin samples were collected from camels with clinical signs and skin lesions (n=4) and from healthy camels (n=3) from 10 different camel herds. The results indicated that the infected camels showed clinical signs, including pyrexia, lacrimation, nasal mucus discharge, affixed and swollen eyelids, emaciation, and pimples on the skin of the head, legs, and abdomen. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelets were significantly greater, with a significant reduction in leukocyte and lymphocyte counts in infected camels than in healthy camels. Infected camels had higher CK and creatinine levels and hepatic-related metabolites, including AST, ALP, AST, GGT, and LDH, than the apparently healthy camels. Histopathological examination of skin scab samples revealed ballooning degeneration of epidermal cells in the presence of typical large eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies and suppurative dermatitis following secondary bacterial infection in all examined infected camels. Camelpox viral DNA was detected using real-time PCR in the blood and skin samples of all infected camels. These findings in dromedary-racing camels associated with a molecular diagnosis of camelpox are described for the first time in the Sultanate of Oman. Therefore, further studies are warranted.

Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease: Two cases report and literature review

Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease is a rare and slowly progressing neurodegenerative disease characterized by extensive eosinophilic endonuclear inclusion bodies in central, peripheral, autonomic nervous system and visceral organ cells. Due to its variable clinical manifestations, it is often misdiagnosed

First case of adult onset neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease with both typical radiological signs and NOTCH2NLC repeat expansions in a Caucasian individual.

Adult onset neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder with a heterogeneous clinical presentation that can mimic stroke and various forms of dementia. To date, it has been described almost exclusively in Asian individuals. This case presentation includes magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the neurocranium, histology by skin biopsy, and long-read genome sequencing. A 75-year-old Caucasian female presented with paroxysmal encephalopathy twice within a 14-month period. Brain MRI revealed high-intensity signals at the cerebral corticomedullary junction (diffusion-weighted imaging) and the paravermal area (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery), a typical distribution observed in adult onset NIID. The diagnosis was corroborated by skin biopsy, which demonstrated eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies, and confirmed by long-read genome sequencing, showing an expansion of the GGC repeat in exon 1 of NOTCH2NLC. Our case proves adult onset NOTCH2NLC-GGC-positive NIID with typical findings on MRI and histology in a Caucasian patient and underscores the need to consider this diagnosis in non-Asian individuals.

Infection due to Buteo buteo herpesvirus in a common buzzard (Buteo buteo insularum).

This study aimed to document the pathological findings observed in a common buzzard (Buteo buteo insularum) from Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Atlantic Ocean), naturally infected with Buteo buteo herpesvirus (HV). Local authorities found the common buzzard alive, but it died after 10 days of specialized veterinary care. Postmortem investigation, including complete gross and histologic examination, immunohistochemistry, microbiology, and PCR, was performed. The animal presented necrotizing heterophilic and histiocytic bilateral conjunctivitis, stomatitis, pharyngitis, rhinitis, and sinusitis with secondary bacterial and fungal infections. Frequent eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed in the oral mucosa and esophagus epithelium. HV proteins and DNA were detected in tissues from this animal. The sequences obtained from the PCR product were identical to the reported sequences of Buteo buteo HV.

Clinicopathological characteristics of Klinefelter syndrome: a testicular biopsy analysis of 87 cases

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of testicular biopsies from Klinefelter syndrome (KS) patients. Methods: The testicular biopsy specimens of 87 patients with KS (a total of 107 biopsy specimens) were collected from the Department of Pathology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China from January 2017 to July 2022. All patients were diagnosed as KS by peripheral blood karyotyping analysis. The testicular histopathologic features, testicular volume and hormone levels were evaluated retrospectively. The histopathologic analysis was used to assess the quantity and morphology of Leydig cells, the spermatogenic state of seminiferous tubules, the thickening of the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules and the changes of stroma. Results: Leydig cell proliferative nodules were seen in 95.3% (102/107) of KS testicular biopsy tissues. The eosinophilic inclusion bodies and lipofuscin in Leydig cells were found in 52.3% (56/107) and 57.9% (62/107) of specimens, respectively. The Sertoli cell only seminiferous tubules and the hyalinized tubules were found in 66.4% (71/107) and 76.6% (82/107) of the examined tissues, respectively. The tubules with complete spermatogenic arrest were found in 15.9% (17/107) of specimens, and 5.6% (6/107) of the specimens showed low spermatogenesis or incomplete spermatogenic arrest. In 85.0% (91/107) of the specimens, increased thick-walled small vessels with hyaline degeneration were identified. Conclusions: The most common features of KS testicular specimens are Leydig cell proliferative nodules, hyaline degeneration of seminiferous tubules and proliferation of thick-walled blood vessels. Testicular biopsy specimens of KS are rare. The pathologists can make a tentative diagnosis of KS based on the histological findings, combined with the ultrasound and laboratory results, which is helpful for further diagnosis and treatment of KS.

First report of Psittacid Avipoxvirus in Agapornis in Mexico

A postmortem study was performed on two lovebirds (Agapornis fischeri and Agapornis personatus) that had scabs in the periocular region and on the eyelid, as well as serous blepharitis. Microscopically, the eyelids showed ulcers, necrosis and serocellular crusts, severe hyperplasia of keratinocytes with eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies (Bollinger's bodies), bacterial colonies of gram-positive coccoid morphology and PAS-positive septate and 45° branching hyphae. The microbiological study identified the colonies as Staphylococcus spp. and Aspergillus fumigatus, respectively. Using molecular techniques, avian pox clade C was identified on the eyelid. This is the first report in Mexico of a case of avian pox in parrots associated with clade C Avipoxvirus

Lesions and viral loads in racing pigeons naturally coinfected with pigeon circovirus and columbid alphaherpesvirus 1 in Australia.

Columbid alphaherpesvirus 1 (CoHV1) is associated with oral or upper respiratory tract lesions, encephalitis, and occasional fatal systemic disease in naive or immunosuppressed pigeons. Clinical disease is often reported with CoHV1 and coinfecting viruses, including pigeon circovirus (PiCV), which may cause host immunosuppression and augment lesion development. A natural outbreak of CoHV1 and PiCV coinfection occurred in a flock of 60 racing rock pigeons (Columba livia), in which 4 pigeons succumbed within 7 d of clinical onset. Lesions included suppurative stomatitis, pharyngitis, cloacitis, meningitis, and tympanitis, with eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies consistent with herpesviral infection. In addition, large numbers of botryoid intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were present in the skin, oral mucosa, and bursa of Fabricius, suggestive of circoviral infection, which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The concurrent viral load of CoHV1 and PiCV was high in liver, oropharynx, and bursa of Fabricius. We found PiCV in oro-cloacal swabs from 44 of 46 additional birds of variable clinical status, PiCV alone in 23 birds, and coinfection with CoHV1 in 21 birds. Viral copy numbers were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) for both viruses in clinically affected pigeons than in subclinical qPCR-positive birds. The CoHV1-induced lesions might have been exacerbated by concomitant PiCV infection.

Investigation of a herpesvirus outbreak in mixed breeds of adult domestic ducks using next generation sequencing.

This report characterizes the first lethal outbreak of Marek's disease on a large farm of mixed-breed adult ducks (>18,000) and identifies the pathogen that resulted in high mortality (35%). Clinical signs included inappetence, respiratory distress, depression, muscle weakness, and ataxia. Post mortem revealed enlarged fragile liver mottled with miliary whitish spots and an enlarged spleen. Histopathology revealed hepatocellular necrosis with eosinophilic intra-nuclear inclusion bodies, necrosis of splenic follicles and degeneration/necrosis of renal tubules. The disease was tentatively diagnosed as a herpesvirus infection, confirmed by virus isolation from the liver. DNA was isolated from 15-year-old archival formalin-fixed tissues from infected ducks and subjected to next generation sequencing (NGS). Despite highly degraded DNA, short stretches of G- and C-rich repeats (TTAGGG and TAACCC) were identified as telomeric repeats frequently found in herpesviruses. Megablast and further investigative bioinformatics identified presence of Marek's disease virus (MDV), a Gallid alphaherpesvirus type 2 (GAHV-2), as the cause of the acute fatal infection. The source of infection may be attributed to a dead migratory flamingo found close to the duck enclosures three days prior to the outbreak; hence, GAHV-2 may also be responsible for the fatal infection of the flamingo accentuated by heat stress. Considering the possible spread of this highly contagious and lethal virus from a flamingo to the ducks, and the increasing zoonosis of animal viruses into humans, such as monkey B alphaherpesvirus transmission from macaques to humans with ~80% fatality, this observation has important ramifications for human health and safety of the poultry industry.

Umbilicated vesicles and multiple pustules on the genital area in a man

Umbilicated vesicles and multiple pustules on the genital area in a man

Identification, molecular characterization, and pathological features of orf virus in sheep and goats in Punjab province, Pakistan

Orf virus (ORFV) causes an acute, contagious, skin disease of sheep and goats which is economically important. The objectives of this study were to identify ORFV and to explore its pathological and phylogenetic profiles in 350 goats and 91 sheep of 14 districts of Punjab, Pakistan, from July 2020 to July 2021. Skin scrapings (total no. of samples = 441) of suspected animals were subjected to polymerase chain reactions, phylogenetic analysis, and pathological observations. The partial length of GIF/IL-2 gene (408bp) was successfully amplified in 58/441 samples. Phylogenetic analysis of GIF/IL2 gene showed that the study isolates belonged to ORFV-cluster I, together with the viruses reported in India and China. Pakistan ORFV isolates were shared 97.6-98.7% nucleotide and 97.6-100% amino acid identities with the reference strain (NC_005336). Moreover, Chinese ORFV-isolates were detected unique multiple amino acid substitutions (F11L, Q21H, D27N, I46V, N49S, N82D, D103N, S129G) with study isolates. Naturally infected animals were anorexic, emaciated, dull, and depressed. The macroscopic lesions included multifocal to coalescing, ulceration followed by proliferative papules, pustules, and crust formation on the epidermis of gums, lips, mouth commissure, muzzles, nose, and udder. Histopathological examination revealed hyperplasia, anastomosing rete ridges formation and degenerative changes, including spongiosis and vacuolation of epidermal cells. Keratinocytes exhibited eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies with pyknotic and karyorrhexis nuclei. This is the first report on molecular characterization of ORFV from Pakistan, with insight into its pathogenesis and comparative analysis of pathological alterations and genetic diversity between ORFV strains reported in different geographical areas.

Eosinophilic homogeneous intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in acquired epidermodysplasia verruciformis-like lesions.

Eosinophilic homogeneous intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in acquired epidermodysplasia verruciformis-like lesions.

Case Series of Disseminated Xanthogranulomatosis in Red-crowned Parakeets (Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae) with Detection of Psittacine Adenovirus 2 (PsAdV-2).

Simple SummaryLipometabolic disorders, such as xanthogranulomatosis, are common diseases in avian medicine. Various manifestations of lipometabolic disorders and risk factors for acquiring lipometabolic diseases have been described in the past years. Xanthogranulomas are usually limited to the skin and supposed to be associated with traumatic or inflammatory injuries in that area. Disseminated xanthogranulomatosis, appearing simultaneously in several internal organs, has been recently described in psittacine birds, the cause of the diseases was not known. Here, we describe a case series of disseminated xanthogranulomatosis in another psittacine species, the Red-crowned Parakeet (Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae) and a possible association with a concurrent psittacine adenovirus 2 (PsAdV-2) infection. Viral infections that trigger lipometabolic diseases have been described in human medicine in some species of small animals and in chickens. PsAdV-2- infections are widely distributed in avian species. A possible association between PsAdV-2- infections and lipometabolic diseases in the Red-crowned Parakeet should be considered. Individual birds and flocks with both or either of these diseases should be carefully examined and monitored.Xanthogranulomatosis is a common dermatological disease in birds. This form of inflammation, possibly associated with lipometabolic disorders, can also be seen in visceral organs, which as yet has only rarely been described in avian medicine. In general, diseases related to impaired lipid metabolism are frequently reported in avian medicine, with hepatic steatosis and atherosclerosis being the most common. In human medicine, infectious agents—especially some strains of adenovirus—were implicated in contributing to lipometabolic disorders; this has also been described for chicken. Here, a case series of six Red-crowned Parakeets (Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae) is presented, all cases being characterized by psittacine adenovirus 2 (PsAdV-2) infection with or without disseminated xanthogranulomatosis. The affected individuals were examined alive by clinical examination. Total body radiographs were taken of two birds, haematology and blood biochemistry results were achieved in one bird. The birds either died immediately after clinical presentation or within two days, two individuals were euthanized due to worsening of their clinical condition. All birds underwent a post-mortem examination. While four birds were finally diagnosed with disseminated xanthogranulomatosis, all six individuals had large eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in the epithelial cells of the collecting ducts of the kidney and tested positive for PsAdV-2. Further examinations are needed to clarify to what extent PsAdV-2 might elicit lipometabolic disease in birds, or psittacines in general, and, in particular, the Red-crowned Parakeet.