Enzymes In Broiler Diets Research Articles

Effect of phytase and xylanase enzymes on growth performance and Mucin2 gene expression in broiler chickens.

Development of exogenous enzymes is one of the most important discoveries in animal nutrition. The supplementation of exogenous enzymes in broiler diets allows for supplying nutrient deficiencies and to decrease endogenous losses. The effects of phytase (Hostazym and Phyzyme) and xylanase (Ronozyme) enzymes were investigated on growth performance and Mucin2 gene expression in broilers. A completely randomized design was applied, including 7 treatments, 4 replicates and 25 birds per replicates. A total of 700 male Ross (308) broiler chickens were fed with similar diets supplemented by Hostazym and Phyzyme (500 and 1000FTU/kg) and Ronozyme (100 and 200EXU/kg). Weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were determined for three phases and entire rearing period. On 42 days of age, four birds per replicate were slaughtered. Total RNA was extracted from jejunum samples, and Mucin2 gene expression was measured by real-time PCR. Phytase and xylanase enzymes had a significant effect (p<0.05) on traits (WG and FCR) in grower and finisher phases and whole rearing period, but FI was not affected by enzymes (p>0.05). Carcass (74.13g) and breast (27.76g) weights by Hostazym (1000FTU/kg) were higher than other treatments (p<0.05). Weight of liver, bursa and spleen were significantly influenced by enzymes (p<0.05). Likewise, bursa and spleen weights in Hostazym (1000FTU/kg feed) and Ronozyme (200EXU/kg feed) were significantly higher than other treatments (p<0.05). Mucin2 gene expression was affected by enzymes in whole treatments. The lowest amount of Mucin2 gene expression belonged to Ronozyme (200 and 100EXU/kg), and the highest was belonging to Hostazym (1000 FTU/kg). Phytase enzymes have higher effect on broiler performance and Mucin2 gene expression compared to xylanase. High doses of Hostazym (1000FTU/kg feed) could be supplemented in broiler chicken diets to improve optimum growth and feed efficiency.

Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant state, ileal histomorphometry, and cecal ecology of broilers fed on fermented canola meal with and without exogenous enzymes

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementation of exogenous enzymes in broiler diets that includes fermented canola meal on performance, nutrient digestibility, biochemical indication, antioxidative capacity, digestive enzyme activity, immune responses, and gut health. Five hundred 1-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly allocated into five experimental groups (5 replicate/group), the first group: a control (CON) contained a basal diet, and the second to the fifth groups were fed diets as follows: containing 20% canola meal (CM), contains 20% fermented canola meal (FCM), contains 20% canola meal and exogenous enzymes at 0.02%/kg feed (ECM), and contains 20% fermented canola meal and exogenous enzymes at 0.02%/kg feed (EFC), respectively. At the finisher phase, the best body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and nutrient utilization were associated with chickens fed EFC compared to other groups (P < 0.05). Total protein, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, and superoxide dismutase levels increased (P < 0.05), while cholesterol and malondialdehyde levels decreased in chickens fed on EFC. Likewise, there was a significant increase in the relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius and antibody titer against Newcastle disease, whereas the weight of abdominal fat decreased in the EFC group compared to other groups. Furthermore, there was a significant improvement in the activity of lipase and amylase enzymes (P < 0.05) in the EFC group. Fermented canola meal addition improved gut health (decreased Escherichia coli, increased Lactobacillus, and the highest values of villus height). Overall, these results confirmed that supplementing a fermented canola meal diet with exogenous enzymes improved growth performance through enhancing nutrient digestibility, immunity, antioxidant capacity, and gut health. Thus, adding enzymes to a diet containing fermented canola meal can be recommended as an alternative protein source that could be safely used to replace up to 20% soybean meal in broiler diets.

A Mini Review of the Effects of NSP and Exogenous Enzymes in Broiler Diets on Digestibility and Some Intestinal Functions

Summary NSP (non-starch polysaccharides) are a large group of compounds, which vary greatly in their chemical structure and properties. They are linked with the use of some of the alternative proteins or energy feed ingredients in broiler nutrition. Exogenous enzymes which act on NSP are sometimes in broiler production with the purpose of increasing digestibility of nutrients and consequently increasing broiler performance in production. This paper will attempt to review changes occurring in the digestive tract as a result of the use of feed with NSP soluble and insoluble in water, and the effect of NSPase on them, in terms of how an animal organism is burdened or helped to overcome the problems.

Soybean meal substitution by dehulled lupine (Lupinus angustifolius) with enzymes in broiler diets.

ObjectiveEvaluate the effects of i) dehulling of lupine seed on chemical composition and apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and ii) soybean meal substitution by dehulled lupine seed in broiler diets with enzymes on productive performance, size of digestive organs and welfare-related variables.MethodsExperiment 1, chemical composition and AME were determined in whole and dehulled lupine seed. Experiment 2, two hundred eighty-eight one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were used. The experimental diets were maize-soybean meal (MS), MS with enzymes (MSE) and maize-dehulled lupine seed with enzymes (MLE). Diets were assigned to the experimental units under a completely randomized design (eight replicates per diet). The body weight (BW) gain, feed intake, feed conversion, digestive organ weights, gait score, latency to lie down and valgus/varus angulation were evaluated.ResultsThe dehulling process increased protein (25.0% to 31.1%), AME (5.9 to 8.8 MJ/kg) and amino acid contents. The BW gain of broilers fed the MLE diet was similar (p>0.05) to that of those fed the MS diet, but lower than that of those fed the MSE diet. Feed intake of broilers fed the MLE diet was higher (p<0.05) than that of those fed the MS diet and similar (p>0.05) to those fed the MSE diet. Feed conversion of broilers fed the MLE diet was 8.0% and 8.7% higher (p<0.05) than that of those fed the MS and MSE diets, respectively. Broilers fed the MLE diet had the highest (p<0.05) relative proventriculus and gizzard weights, but had poor welfare-related variables.ConclusionIt is possible to substitute soybean meal by dehulled lupine seed with enzymes in broiler diets, obtaining similar BW gains in broilers fed the MLE and MS diets; however, a higher feed intake is required. Additionally, the MLE diet reduced welfare-related variables.

In- vitro Assessment of Non Starch Polysaccharide Hydrolyzing Enzymes in Broiler Diets Based on Guar Meal, Rape Seed Meal and Cotton Seed Meal

In- vitro Assessment of Non Starch Polysaccharide Hydrolyzing Enzymes in Broiler Diets Based on Guar Meal, Rape Seed Meal and Cotton Seed Meal

Enzymes in broiler diets with special reference to protease

Enzyme supplementation of poultry diets is nutritionally, economically and environmentally justified. Enzymes are used to increase the energy value of feed ingredients and enhance the utilisation of protein, fats, carbohydrates and phytin phosphorus from plant materials, leading to a lower excretion rate of undigested nutrients into the environment and, hence, reduced environmental pollution. This is especially important regarding proteases, as the correct digestion of nitrogenous compounds in feed materials is essential for reducing N excretion – a major pollutant worldwide. Numerous studies have shown no adverse effects of enzyme supplementation in broiler diets on body weight, mortality, health, feed intake, FCR, nutrient digestibility, meat quality and production costs. However, there is still a large amount of uncertainty regarding the use of enzymes.

Evaluation of nonstarch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes in broiler diets varying in nutrient and energy levels as measured by broiler performance and processing parameters

SUMMARY An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of 2 nonstarch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes (NSPase) on broiler performance when supplemented in corn-soybean meal diets varying in nutrient profiles. Three nutrient profiles [control diet (PC), diet with reduced energy and protein levels (NC1), and diet with a reduced energy level (NC2)] and 3 enzyme treatments (control, NSPase A, and NSPase B) were used in a 6-wk broiler trial. The nutrient profile of the control diet met the dietary specifications of a local commercial integrator. The NC1 diet was achieved by equivalent reductions (4%) in total protein and energy (133 kcal/kg) levels from the PC diet, and the NC2 diet was achieved by a 133 kcal/kg (4%) reduction in energy level compared with the PC diet. Broilers were fed the starter diet through 12 d of age, a grower diet through 26 d of age, and a finisher diet through 41 d of age. Body weight was reduced (P < 0.05) at d 12 and 26 in the NC1 diet as compared with the other 2 diets. Body weight of broilers fed the NC2 diet was reduced (P < 0.05) compared with broilers fed the PC diet on d 26. An increase (P < 0.05) in FCR was also observed through the starter period in the NC1 diet. Significant improvements (2 to 4%) were observed in FCR with the inclusion of both NSPase enzymes through the starter and grower periods of the experiment. An interaction between diet and enzyme treatment was observed for d 41 BW, with an increase (P < 0.05) being observed with NSPase B inclusion in the NC2 diet. Additionally, NSPase B inclusion increased (P < 0.05) breast meat weight in broilers fed the PC diet. Therefore, NSPase inclusion can improve growth performance in market broilers and allow for reduced nutrient inclusion rates in an effort to reduce costs.

Influence of feed processing on the efficacy of exogenous enzymes in broiler diets

The use of commercial exogenous enzymes in poultry diets is now a common practice. Broilers are predominantly fed pelleted diets; of the various unit operations in the production of pellets, grinding and conditioning are the components that can influence the efficacy of exogenous enzymes. The aim of this paper was to review the feed processing factors that influence the efficacy of exogenous enzymes in broiler diets. Recent studies have shown that the efficacy of exogenous enzymes is influenced by the degree of grinding. Available data suggest that enzyme responses on intestinal viscosity are more pronounced in feeds subjected to high conditioning temperatures. The issue of enzyme stability during conditioning and pelleting therefore becomes relevant and new enzyme technologies are being developed to overcome the high thermal processing issues. However, the effects of steam conditioning practices on enzyme stability have received less attention and need to be explored in future studies.

Effects of enzyme and probiotic supplementation to diets containing wheat on broiler performance

Enzymes and probiotics are often used in feeding of poultry in intensive rearing systems. Beneficial effects of probiotics were observed in toxin neutralization, prevention of development and multiplication of specific bacteria, change in microbial metabolism and immunity stimulation. Administration of useful microorganisms as probiotic into diet usually cause enhancement of organic acids production such as lactic acid that in turn can reduce gastrointestinal pH and subsequent prevention of pathogen microorganisms such as salmonella to colonize the alimentary tract(Fuller, 1992). Exogenous enzymes have been shown to alleviate the adverse effects of high viscosity of digesta in the small intestine and to improve digestion (Petersen et al. 1999). Pervious studies demonstrate that simultaneously using probiotics and enzymes in broiler diets, improve their growth performance (Midili, and Tuncer, 2001). The objective of the present study was to examine the influence of probiotic (protexin) and enzyme (Natozyme) supplementation on the performance of broilers fed diets containing wheat.

Effect of mannanoligosaccharides and/or enzymes on antibody titers against infectious bursal and Newcastle disease viruses

The effect of including mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) and/or enzymes in broiler diets on antibody titers against infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was evaluated. A total of 750 broilers were distributed into a completely randomized experimental design in a factorial arrangement 2 x 2 + 1 with two levels of MOS (0 and 0.1% until 21 days and 0.05% from 22 to 42 days of age), two levels of enzymes (0 and 0.05%) and a positive control diet containing antibiotic, totaling five treatments with five replicates each. For antibody analyses, blood samples were weekly collected by jugular vein puncture in the same two birds per replicate. The first and last collections were done at 7 and 42 days of age, respectively. The inclusion of MOS resulted in increased antibody titers against IBDV in the fourth (P&lt;0.03) and fifth (P&lt;0.02) weeks, and against NDV in the third (P&lt;0.01), fourth (P&lt;0.03) and fifth (P&lt;0.03) weeks of age. MOS was effective in stimulating the humoral immune responses against IBDV and NDV vaccine viruses.

Digestible amino acids and enzymes in broiler diets: effects on carcass composition of two broiler strains

Digestible amino acids and enzymes in broiler diets: effects on carcass composition of two broiler strains

α-Galactosidase Enzyme Supplementation to Corn and Soybean Meal Broiler Diets

Over the last few years in the southeastern U.S. some broiler diets have been supplemented with phytase to improve phosphorus digestibility. Enzymes other than phytase, however, have not been added to broiler diets, in the southeastern U.S., with any consistent results because nutrient availability of corn and soybean meal based broiler diets is high. Moreover, most commercially available enzyme preparations are designed to allow nutritionists to include relatively high-protein grains [i.e., wheat (≈11.0%) and barley (≈11.0%) versus corn (≈8.0%)] in broiler diets. Thus, nutritionists have little experience using enzymes in broiler diets based on corn or sorghum and soybean meal. Two broiler floor-pen experiments were conducted to evaluate postpellet enzyme (KEMZYME C/S for broilers) application to corn and soybean meal diets at different environmental temperatures (warm versus thermoneutral). Growth responses, immunity, and carcass attributes of broilers were measured. The primary active enzyme in the product tested was α-galactosidase, which may improve energy digestibility of soybean meal. Broilers fed diets supplemented with enzyme preparations primarily containing α-galactosidase had improved feed conversion at both environmental temperatures.

Influence of processing treatment and type of cereal on the effect of dietary enzymes in broiler diets

One thousand and six hundred 1-day-old sexed broiler chickens (Vedette; 50% male, 50% female) were randomly allocated to eight treatment groups in order to test the effect of the ROXAZYME G enzyme complex (β-glucanase, xylanase, amylase, pectinase) in pelleted and extruded high-energy diets on broiler performance. Two diets were tested. The first was a commercial diet based on wheat and corn, and in the second 20% wheat was replaced by barley. Both diets were tested in pelleted and extruded form with or without enzyme which was added before processing at the level of 0.15 g kg −1. The eight treatments tested were as follows: Treatments A and B, pelleted wheat-corn diets without and with enzyme respectively; Treatments C and D, extruded wheat-corn diets without and with enzyme; Treatments E and F, pelleted barley-wheat-corn diets without and with enzyme; Treatments G and H, extruded barley-wheat-corn diets without and with enzyme. Energy, fat, N, and fibre utilisation were determined with four diets containing barley in the 5th week of growth. The enzyme complex significantly improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) (1.81 vs. 1.77; P < 0.001) until the end of the growing period (39 days), and liveweight at Day 21 (0.66 kg vs. 0.68 kg; P < 0.001). Highly significant differences were found for liveweight and feed conversion at Day 39 between diets (20% wheat vs. 20% barley: liveweight, 1.81 kg vs. 1.75 kg; FCR, 1.76 vs. 1.81), and also between processing (pelleting vs. extruding: liveweight, 1.84 kg vs. 1.73 kg; FCR, 1.76 vs. 1.82). Birds fed on extruded feeds grew slower and utilised feed less efficiently than birds fed on pelleted feeds. The extrusion process increased the soluble fibre content in the feed, and subsequently the feed extract viscosity was also increased. The interaction between processing (pelleting vs. extrusion) and grain (wheat vs. barley) for liveweight at Days 21 and 39 was significant, indicating a greater negative impact of extrusion on broiler feed containing barley. In the metabolism studies a positive trend caused by enzyme supplementation was seen on energy metabolisability, fat, N, and fibre utilisation, but the differences were not significant.