Envy Research Articles

The Effects of Users' Self-Reference of The Comparative Domain with Creative AI Robot in Music Composition on Their Envy toward Robot, Cognitive Assessment of Music and Intention to Work with Robot

The Effects of Users' Self-Reference of The Comparative Domain with Creative AI Robot in Music Composition on Their Envy toward Robot, Cognitive Assessment of Music and Intention to Work with Robot

Philip Larkin and Envy

Philip Larkin and Envy

Barreras ante las pioneras universitarias: una mirada transnacional = Barriers to Women University Pioneers: a Transnational View

Resumen: El ingreso de las mujeres en los estudios universitarios se produjo después de superar muchas dificultades. En algunos casos esa entrada fue impedida por las propias universidades. En otros casos, por los gobiernos de los países. Pero también por quienes estaban ejerciendo las profesiones que exigían esa educación superior. Todos juzgaron que no era adecuado o conveniente para una mujer tal tipo de estudios. Sin embargo, muchas mujeres jóvenes tomaron una decisión valiente y demostraron una voluntad envidiable para alcanzar sus expectativas, a fin de obtener un título universitario. El objetivo de este artículo es ofrecer un acercamiento a las circunstancias concretas que superaron las mujeres en diferentes países de Europa y América. Con una metodología de carácter histórico, diferentes fuentes han sido consultadas: archivos de universidades, autobiografías editadas, y bibliografía disponible en varios países sobre esta temática.Palabras clave: universidad, mujeres, siglo XIX, Europa, AméricaAbstract: The entrance of women in university studies occurred after overcoming many difficulties. In some cases that entry was impeded by the universities themselves. In other cases, by the governments of the countries. But also by those who were exercising the professions that demanded that higher education. Everyone judged that this type of studies was not suitable or convenient for a woman. However, many young women made a courageous decision and showed an enviable will to meet their expectations, in order to obtain a university degree. The objective of this article is to offer an approach to the concrete circumstances that women in different countries of Europe and America have overcome. With a methodology of historical character, different sources have been consulted: Univer sity archives, published autobiographies and bibliography available in several countries on this subject.Keywords: university, women, 19th century, Europe, America

Where is the Global South in the Health Discourse? Attempt Forthcoming from the Oromo People’s Perspective

Background: The contemporary understanding of health and diseases has evolved from the Judeo/Christian/Islamic literature to the biomedical knowledge and then to the World Health Organization (WHO), definition. All these definitions consistently focused on deficit model and equivocally claimed universality. Although the impacts of injustice to health are well known, these definitions did not give adequate attention to the social and environmental injustices as disease-causing agents. Methods: Having in mind that knowledge is socially constructed, in this paper I reviewed literatures on the evolutionary changes in our understanding of health and diseases and made effort to trace the significant changes made in our understanding health through time and the concepts that are kept in those changes. I also looked at the significance of maintaining the deficit model and universality in disease prevention and health promotion. Results: Although there are changes in our understanding of health and diseases, the contemporary definition has significant deficits. Those definitions are not only incomplete and they are also biased. The definition gives us theoretical underpinning for actions, the contemporary understanding of health hindered us from effectively promoting health. Not only that, these definitions victimized the victim and made the gaps in the life expectancy between countries and within a country as a natural and enviable reality. Conclusions: To effectively promote health, prevent diseases and reduce health disparities we need to widen our way of thinking about health, depart from the Eurocentric ideas and provide theoretical rationales that foster the “upstream” public health approach. In the Oromo perspectives, health and peace are intertwined. For them, personal health/peace are intertwined with the peace/health of the family, community and natural world as well as divine power. For them, peace includes social and environmental justices.

The future of the NHS: no longer the envy of the world?

The future of the NHS: no longer the envy of the world?

When Fathering Fails: Violence, Narcissism, and the Father Function in Ancient Tales and Clinical Analysis.

Manifestations of failures in both symbolic and actual flesh-and-blood fathering reveal the inescapable role played by the father's unconscious transmissions in the ever present triadic matrix. Perelberg's crucial distinction between the murdered narcissistic father and the dead symbolic father suggests the problematic internalizations that fail to uphold the paternal law required for oedipal resolution. Three father-child narratives derived from classical literature and mythology are presented in order to elucidate significant unconscious paternal fantasies pertaining to lethal rivalry and neglect of the child's otherness. These narratives suggest how the father's insufficient management of rivalrous, envious, and murderously aggressive impulses-as well as narcissistic needs that fail to take into account the child's alterity-combine with the child's intrapsychic propensities to constrict triangular space and restrict development. Consequently, unavoidable father-child rivalries, absences, neglect, and desires often make it vital to recover the "missing" paternal function in analytic space. A clinical example illustrates the impact of this absence on the analyst's countertransference.

Envy and Jealousy in Roth’s The Dying Animal and Bumshin Park’s Eungyo

본 논문은 젊음과 늙음의 대립 구도에서 발생하는 시기와 질투를 필립 로스의 『죽어가는 동물』과 박범신의 『은교』를 통해서 고찰한다. 『죽어가는 동물』에서 젊음에 대한 질투와 시기는 데이비드가 완벽하게 아름다운 몸을 가진 콘수엘라를 빼앗아갈 젊은 남자를 상상하는 데서 극적으로 나타난다. 데이비드의 상상 속에서 그의 경쟁자는 젊은 시절의 그 자신이면서 더 이상 그 자신이 아닌 남자다. 이 점에서 그가 콘수엘라를 빼앗기지 않으려고 질투하면서 동시에 자신은 잃어버렸지만 경쟁자는 누리고 있는 젊음에 대해 느끼는 시기심은 일종의 “자기 시기심”이다. 데이비드에게 성애적 결합은 일시적으로 죽음에 복수하는 행위다. 그러나 늙음에 대한 자의식에서 비롯되는 젊음에 대한 시기와 질투로 인해 콘수엘라와의 성애적 관계에서 그는 계속 고통 받으며, 죽음에 대한 복수의 의미도 약화된다. 박범신의 『은교』에서 시기와 질투는 문학적 재능과 은교를 둘러싸고 이적요와 서지우 사이에서 발생한다. 서지우는 처음에는 이적요를 찬양하지만 대중작가로 성공한 이후에는 그의 문학적 재능을 시기하고 은교에 대한 그의 욕망을 간파한 후에는 격렬한 질투심에 휩싸인다. 그는 ‘젊음 대 늙음’의 구도로 자신과 이적요의 관계를 재설정하면서 그의 늙음을 모욕하기까지 한다. 이적요는 그런 서지우의 행위를 자연법칙을 모욕한 것으로 여기며 분노하는데, 그의 분노에는 젊음에 대한 시기심과 그의 욕망을 이해해주리라 믿었던 서지우에 대한 배신감이 뒤섞여 있다. 이런 부정적 감정들은 이적요로 하여금 서지우를 ‘처형’하게 만들고, 그를 ‘처형’한 자기 자신까지 ‘처벌’하게 만든다. 마지막에 죽음을 앞두고 있는 이적요를 사로잡는 것은 은교를 통해서 보는 고동치는 생명의 숨결과 그것의 아름다움이다.

A Review of Color Image Vectorization Techniques

Digital image processing of gray scale or color images has become an important research and investigation tool in many areas of science and engineering. As the resolution of output devices has risen over the past 20 decades, the demand of high resolution contents has also increased. However, most images are stored in raster format. This format represents images on the computer screen using a rectangular grid of pixels, arranged in rows and columns and the images have a fixed resolution; once the image has been defined at a specific resolution, it cannot be scaled further. Therefore, the image is degraded when enlarged or scaled down which is a major problem in computer graphics, vision, and imaging. Since images with higher pixel density are enviable in many applications, there is an increasing demand to acquire high resolution raster images from low resolution. Raster images are resolution independent therefore; there is a need to convert raster images to vector. Vector graphics use geometrical primitives to express a raster image. These primitives are more compact, editable, scalable, resolution independent and also smaller in file size. Several vectorization algorithms have been developed for the last three decades. This paper presents a review of three categories of raster to vector algorithms, triangulation, mesh-based and parametric patches and algorithms developed using these techniques by various academic authors. Our findings reveal that important algorithms for converting raster images into vector have been developed. However, some of these algorithms perform better than others. Some deficiencies in the algorithms are caused by many possible outlines that can be obtained from the same bitmap image and the technique used by authors. The techniques are powerful but they also have some limitations when representing pixels. Most of the methods produce acceptable results for non-photorealistic images but some are worse or the same as the problem since they blur the image as well especially in photorealistic images. Further research should focus on how to use techniques discussed in this paper to develop a raster to vector algorithm that can convert photorealistic images to vector without compromising image quality.

Jealousy and Envy made by Relative Evaluation and the Opportunity to Build “the Good Life” - the Korean Drama "Cheese in the Trap"

이 논문은 상대평가에 의해 뽑히거나 아니면 뽑히지 않는 극한의 경쟁 체제 속에서 청년들이 느끼는 질투와 시기 감정의 특징을 살펴보고, 질투와 시기로부터 벗어날 수 없다면 이 감정을 통해 사회에 적응할 수 있는 방법을 모색하려는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 이 논문은 웹툰 을 각색하여 2016년에 TV 드라마로 방영된 을 분석한다. 이 드라마는 캠퍼스 로맨스를 표방하지만, 그 이면에는 상대 평가로 끊임없이 경쟁하고 질투와 시기심을 느끼는 다양한 인물들이 등장하고 있다. 김상철, 유정, 홍설이 느끼는 시기와 질투 감정은 두 가지 감정 양상을 보여준다. 우선, 김상철이 느끼는 시기심은 자신보다 우월한 것을 뛰어넘어보도록 자극하는 감정이 아니라, 현실 속에서 낙담하게 만드는 감정이다. 김상철이 느끼는 시기심은 상대평가 체제 속에서 ‘보통의 삶’을 꿈꾸기조차 힘들어진 냉혹한 현실을 드러낸다. 한편, 경제적 배경이 너무 다른 유정과 홍설은 서로를 통해 시기와 질투 감정을 느끼고, 또한 주위 사람들의 감정을 이해하게 되면서 점차 자기 자신과 타인이 처한 상황을 알아가게 된다. 이 논문은 시기와 질투 감정이 경쟁에만 매달리게 만드는 현대 한국 사회에서 피할 수 없는 대표 감정으로 규정하고 이 감정이 개인들에게 허세, 낙담, 분노, 무감각으로 나타나는 상황을 분석하려고 한다.

Schadenfreude, Envy and Jealousy in Plato’s Philebus and Phaedrus

This paper concerns the conflict between loving and envious feelings in the Philebus and the Phaedrus . The Greek word phthonos , used by Plato in different contexts, characterizes emotions that contemporary theories classify as envy, Schadenfreude and jealousy. My claim is that in the Philebus Plato characterizes phthonos mainly qua Schadenfreude (an emotion which plays an important role in comedies). In this case the rivalry towards friends and neighbors neither stops at emulation, nor is explicitly experienced as malicious envy, and laughter offers the opportunity to feel pleasure at the other’s misfortune without experiencing guilt or shame. In the Phaedrus , phthonos initially refers to the jealousy felt by the older lover towards his beloved. As the dialogue progresses, however, Socrates highlights the important role played by malicious envy when the love described is blind to transcendent beauty. Reference is made to Aristotle’s account of emotions in the Rhetoric , and to Plutarch’s treatise On Envy and Hate for valuable insights towards differentiating envy from other negative emotions.

James 3:13–4:10 and the Language of Envy in Proverbs 3

James 3:13–4:10 and the Language of Envy in Proverbs 3

Korean Full-length Novels as the Production and Distribution Channel of the Culture of Jealousy and Envy in Chosen dynasty

Korean Full-length Novels as the Production and Distribution Channel of the Culture of Jealousy and Envy in Chosen dynasty

Hostile Attribution and Counterproductive Work Behavior: A Moderated Mediation Model of Malicious Envy, Negative Reciprocity and Competitive Organizational Goal

본 연구의 목적은 조직 효과성을 악화시키는 조직원의 반생산적 과업행동의 기제에 대한 이해를 확충하고, 그에 대한 적절한 대안을 마련할 수 있도록 돕는 데 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 직장 내 상향 사회비교 상황에 대한 적대적 귀인과 반생산적 과업행동의 관계에서 악의적 선망의 매개효과를 알아보았다. 또한 이 매개관계가 개인적 특성인 부정적 호혜성과 조직의 특성인 경쟁적 조직 목표에 의해 조절되는지를 검증하였다. 이를 위해 미국 직장인 259명을 대상으로 최근 2개월 내 현 직장에서 있었던 동료와의 상향 사회비교 경험을 회상하도록 한 뒤 설문을 실시하였다. 조사 결과, 상대적 열등함을 적대적으로 귀인하였을 때 반생산적 과업행동이 높게 나타났고, 악의적 선망이 그 관계를 완전매개하였다. 다음으로, 악의적 선망과 반생산적 과업행동의 관계에서 부정적 호혜성과 경쟁적 조직목표 각각의 조절효과를 확인함으로써 악의적 선망, 부정적 호혜성, 경쟁적 조직 목표의 조절된 매개효과가 유의함을 증명하였다. 즉 개인의 부정적 호혜성이 높을수록, 혹은 조직이 종업원들로 하여금 보상을 두고 경쟁하도록 하는 경쟁적 조직 목표를 추구할수록 악의적 선망 감정이 실제 반생산적 과업행동으로 이어지는 경향이 강하게 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구의 학문적․실무적 시사점, 제한점 및 후속 연구를 위한 제언을 논의하였다.

Phaeton’s Flight, Adonis’s Trial, and Minerva in the House of Envy: Lodovico Dolce between Ovid and Ariosto

Introducing Thyeste: Tragedia da Seneca (1547), the Venetian writer Lodovico Dolce (1508–68) defines the art of translating a book as an experience that lives in the “perspective of the becoming [...] because in order to translate, it is necessary for us to take another language or (if possible) another human nature.” This article presents three case studies where the nexus between Ludovico Ariosto’s Ovidianism and Dolce’s Ariostism becomes an example of the stylistic and editorial relationship between word and image, as well as a paradigmatic explanation of the dynamics and strategies of reception in the early age of print. The aims of this exercise are the following: (1) to investigate the important mediation of Ariosto’s epic-chivalric model for the translation of the classics into vernacular and for the “canonization” of texts through their publication; (2) to study the man-to-man combat between Dolce’s writing, Ariosto’s pattern, and Ovid’s Metamorphoses, and the way it develops from the Stanze nella favola di Venere e Adone (1545) to the thirty cantos of the poem Le Trasformazioni (1553); (3) to analyze the history of the illustrations in Ariosto’s Cinque canti from the perspective of the interaction between words and images, modes of writing and reading, and modes of invention and reception.
 En présentant Thyeste. A tragedy from Seneca (1547), l’écrivain vénitien Lodovico Dolce (1508– 1568) définit l’art de traduire un ouvrage comme une expérience de transformation puisque traduire implique d’adopter une autre langue, voire (si possible) une autre nature humaine. Cet article présente trois études de cas dans lesquelles la juxtaposition de l’ovidisme de L’Arioste et de l’ariostisme de Dolce devient l’exemple d’une relation stylistique et éditoriale entre le mot et l’image, ainsi qu’un cadre paradigmatique pour comprendre les dynamiques et les stratégies de la réception durant les débuts de l’imprimerie. Cette étude a trois objectifs : 1) explorer l’importance du modèle épique et chevaleresque de L’Arioste pour la traduction des classiques en langue vernaculaire et pour la « canonisation » de ces œuvres par leur publication ; 2) examiner le combat au corps entre l’écriture de Dolce, le modèle de L’Arioste et les Métamorphoses d’Ovide, ainsi que le développement menant des Stanze nella favola di Venere e Adone (1545) aux trente chants du poème Le Trasformazioni (1553) ; 3) analyser l’histoire des illustrations des Cinquecantide L’Arioste du point de vue de l’interaction entre mots et images, des modes d’écriture et lecture, ainsi que des modes d’invention et de réception.

Colonial administration extortion in the African novel

From all the colonial systems French, British, Belgium, German and Portuguese, the French one was the object of severe criticisms by the pioneers of the African literature of the Sixties through their works. The example of the Nigerienne Mahamadou Halilou Sabbo’s Caprices du Destin [Destiny's Whims] (1981), the Cameroonian Ferdinand Oyono’s Houseboy (1956) and The Old Man and the Medal (1956) was edifying. These two writers, although being themselves fruits of the colonial school, succeeded to be different from the non- committed novelists by a straight out denunciation of colonial system practices, ranking from the forced labor to the exercise of power, through the famous perception of taxes. One should not be deluded, in spite of the outside differences that existed between European colonial systems, in the content, they are the same. The French Direct Rule does not envy in anything, the British Indirect Rule, as insofar their fundamental objectives are identical and similar: political domination and economic exploitation of Africans. Key words: Colonial systems, extortions, political domination, economic exploitation.

Santa Evita Montonera': Envious, therefore empowered

Santa Evita Montonera': Envious, therefore empowered

Envy and Empathy-evoking Fashion Brand Used by Actors of the Korean Soap Operas Broadcast in China and Chinese Consumers' Intent to Purchase

Envy and Empathy-evoking Fashion Brand Used by Actors of the Korean Soap Operas Broadcast in China and Chinese Consumers' Intent to Purchase

Portrait of the architect Vladimir Bukh (1935-2013)

Bukh, the maximalist, as some of his friends called him. Then a more appropriate word was found – perfectionist. He aimed at perfection in everything he did. Be it town planning, municipal administration, work for a non-governmental organization Union of Architects of Russia, or creating a journal. The headwater area has always been and remains the best residential area ever built in recent history of Irkutsk. Irkutsk has never seen such a clever and honest chief architect. He has done so much to develop the city in the right and progressive direction and to promote high quality architecture. Andrei Bokov’s words can be related to Vladimir Bukh’s activity: “Everything that excites a fair and natural envy, the best examples of the second heroic epoch of the Russian-Soviet architecture, belong to Irkutsk architecture of the 1970s: orientation towards the future (but not the past), bigness of volumes and ideas, restraint, strictness, honesty, courage, persistency and strength. Irkutsk experience… was accumulated by young people, who were energetic, ambitious, lucky, captivating, talented and highly professional.” For several decades Bukh was a member of the Board of the Irkutsk organization of the Union of Architects of the USSR and then of Russia. The expression “to work with feeling” can be fully applied to Bukh. To do your job the right way. To do it according to your conscience. When he quitted the Board after demolition of the House on the Legs, it became clear that he was indispensable. He took to heart all town planning mistakes of the 1990s and 2000s. Pavlov’s death, demolition of the House on the Legs, legal proceedings, Nina’s death left scars on his heart. His daughter Lesya, grandchildren Nikita and Nastya, and great grandson Matvey are continuation of his life. All we, his colleagues and friends, can do is try to keep to his understanding of what is right and what is wrong. And to keep memory of a wonderful man. I do not know how long Project Baikal will exist (Bukh is one of the founders, the first and the best editor-in-chief), but all our further issues will be dedicated to him. As well as our defeats, since he did not hesitate to attempt tasks that were doomed to be defeated in the current system, in the current Order of Things in the town planning policy. In the book PAVLOV (together with Bukh, we had managed to compose it last summer, and in the beginning of September it came out in TATLIN publishing house in Yekaterinburg) there is a reference to the Strugatsky brothers that can be also applied to Bukh: “Like Saul, he fired at the Order of Things, knowing that it was useless”.

Envious Productions: Actresses, Audiences, and Affect in the Restoration Playhouse

Envious Productions: Actresses, Audiences, and Affect in the Restoration Playhouse

Processes and source of linguistic knowledge: Explorations in the theories of language learning

Children have an enviable capacity for acquiring competence in whatever language or languages they get exposed to and in a manner so rapid, so creative, so uniform, so systematic, so regular and indeed so easy compared with the mammoth task that they within a remarkably short span of time accomplish victoriously. This marvellous phenomenon unique only to humans has instigated scholars to propound various theories that aim to account for this feat, where some have argued that language is a genetic capacity originating from the brain, while others contended to look at it as a system originating from the environment. While the former approach views language acquisition as “genetically endowed and readymade,” the latter sees it as “environmentally fashioned and evolving”. Using the descriptive method, this paper, following a brief discussion of early bilingualism, and an initiatory section on “the father of modern linguistics,” explored and contrasted, within this context, these approaches concerning the processes and source of linguistic knowledge. Emphasising a third view, the sociolinguistic approach, the paper verified that language acquisition and learning was neither solely the result of innate knowledge (first position); nor the progeny of the environment of the child alone (second position); but rather the product of and interplay between both social interaction and cognitive development. Key words: Language acquisition, genetic capacity, process, innate knowledge, environment, social interaction, behaviourists, mentalists, environmentalists, sociolinguistic, social semiotic.