Environmental Water Quality Research Articles

The Study of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal Efficiency in Urbanized River Systems Using Artificial Wetland Systems with Different Substrates

This study evaluated the effectiveness of five commercial substrates (zeolite, volcanic rock, gravel, magic rack, and ceramic pellets) in removing nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from urban river systems using constructed wetlands. By employing X-ray CT and NGS technologies, we analyzed the physical structure of the substrates and the microbial communities they harbor. The results indicated that volcanic rock and ceramic pellets, due to their high porosity and specific surface area, performed exceptionally well in nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Specifically, the microbial systems with these two substrates achieved ammonia nitrogen removal rates of 89.86% and 88.45%, total nitrogen removal rates of 78.78% and 74.97%, and total phosphorus removal rates of 92.67% and 80.82%, respectively, within a 7-day period. Furthermore, the microbial communities on volcanic rock and ceramic pellets were more diverse, which correlated with their high pollutant removal efficiency. The study further elucidated the synergistic role of substrate characteristics and microbial community structure and function in nitrogen and phosphorus removal, enhancing the understanding of the purification mechanisms in constructed wetlands. These findings provide a scientific basis for the ecological restoration of urban rivers and are significant for improving the quality of urban water environments.

An Experimental Study on Concrete Strength Optimization with Surkhi as

Concrete is a widely used construction material, with sand as key component. However, excessive extraction of sand has led to a significant environmental consequences, including erosion, ecological imbalance, habitat destruction, and water quality issues. This study aims to develop an economical and sustainable alternative to traditional sand-based concrete while maintaining its structural integrity. It explores the potential of using Surkhi (a waste product from burnt clay bricks) as a partial replacement of sand in concrete. For this study, 120 concrete cube samples were prepared in the laboratory.Concrete cubes of M20 and M25 grades were prepared using design and nominal mixes, with different proportions of Surkhi (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) and tested to evaluate the workability, cost-effectiveness, and compressive strength. Compressive strength tests were conducted on concrete cubes at 7 and 28 days to investigate their mechanical properties. The results shows that a 10% replacement of sand with Surkhi optimizes the strength and workability of concrete without compromising its performance, thus supporting sustainable construction practices. However, the negative impact in concrete strength due to addition of higher proportions of Surkhi should be carefully considered. Furthermore, a cost analysis indicates that replacing sand with Surkhi can help to reduce the production costs, while promoting its use as an eco-friendly alternative. The findings provides valuable insights into the potential of Surkhi to reduce environmental damage and costs without compromising performance at moderate replacement levels. However, further research is recommended to assess the long-term durability and structural integrity of Surkhi-based concrete in various applications.

Preferential Stripping Analysis of Post-Transition Metals (In and Ga) at Bi/Hg Films Electroplated on Graphene-Functionalized Graphite Rods

In this study, we introduce a novel electrochemical sensor combining reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets with a bismuth–mercury (Bi/Hg) film, electroplated onto pencil graphite electrodes (PGEs) for the high-sensitivity detection of trace amounts of gallium (Ga3+) and indium (In3+) in water samples using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). The electrochemical modification of PGEs with rGO and bimetallic Bi/Hg films (ERGO-Bi/HgF-PGE) exhibited synergistic effects, enhancing the oxidation signals of Ga and In. Graphene oxide (GO) was accumulated onto PGEs and reduced through cyclic reduction. Key parameters influencing the electroanalytical performance, such as deposition potential, deposition time, and pH, were systematically optimized. The improved adsorption of Ga3+ and In3+ ions at the Bi/Hg films on the graphene-functionalized electrodes during the preconcentration step significantly enhanced sensitivity, achieving detection limits of 2.53 nmol L−1 for Ga3+ and 7.27 nmol L−1 for In3+. The preferential accumulation of each post-transition metal, used in transparent displays, to form fused alloys at Bi and Hg films, respectively, is highlighted. The sensor demonstrated effective quantification of Ga3+ and In3+ in tap water, with detection capabilities well below the USEPA guidelines. This study pioneers the use of bimetallic films to selectively and simultaneously detect the post-transition metals In3+ and Ga3+, highlighting the role of graphene functionalization in augmenting metal film accumulation on cost-effective graphite rods. Additionally, the combined synergistic effects of Bi/Hg and graphene functionalization have been explored for the first time, offering promising implications for environmental analysis and water quality monitoring.

Source–Sink Structural Coupling Within Forest-Clustered Landscapes Drives Headstream Quality Dynamics in Mountainous Sub-Watersheds: A Case Study in Chongqing, China

Water environment quality is profoundly driven by a series of landscape characteristics. However, current knowledge is limited to the independent response of water quality to single landscape elements; this has led to poor knowledge of the potential role of structural coupling within landscapes in driving water quality changes, especially in those agroforestry-mixed mountainous watersheds with highly embedded forest-clustered landscapes and abundant headstreams. Given this fact, this study aims to evaluate whether and how the source–sink coupling structure of forest-clustered landscapes systematically drives headstream quality dynamics. We first systematically assessed the association pattern of source and sink structures within forest-clustered landscapes, and then innovatively proposed and constructed a functional framework of source–sink coupling structure of landscapes across 112 agroforestry-mixed mountainous sub-watersheds in Chongqing, China. On this basis, we further evaluated the driving pattern and predictive performance of the source–sink coupling structure of landscapes behind headstream quality dynamics. We report three findings: (1) headstream quality varied across agroforestry-mixed sub-watersheds, mapping out the source–sink structures and functions of landscapes; (2) there was significant functional coordination between source–sink structures of the forest-clustered landscapes, which significantly drove headstream quality dynamics; (3) the structural positioning and differences of the forest-clustered landscapes along the multivariate functional axes directly corresponded to and predicted headstream quality status. These findings together highlight a key logic that the response of water quality dynamics to landscapes is essentially that to the functional coupling between the source–sink structures of landscapes, rather than the simple combination of a single landscape contribution. This is the first study on the landscape–runoff association from the perspective of source–sink structural coupling, which helps to deepen understanding of the correlation mechanism between water dynamics and landscape systems, and provides a new functional dimension to the development of future landscape ecological management strategies from a local to a global scale.

The Characteristics and Traceability Analysis of the Overflow Pollution During the Flood Season in an Urban Area

The issue of combined sewer overflow (CSO) triggered by rainfall has become a significant obstacle to the improvement of water environment quality. This study conducted a long-term monitoring of three types of rainwater outlets, i.e., combined sewer overflows (Test-CSO), separated sewer outlets (Test-SSO), and partially separated sewer outlets (Test-PSSO), to reveal the characteristics of overflow pollution and trace its sources by monitoring the pollutants from different underlying surfaces across various urban functional areas. The results showed that the major pollutants in overflow events exhibited the following order: COD ≥ TSS > TN > TAN > TP. Rainwater elevated COD and TSS in the Test-CSO, while reducing nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations by dilution. The Test-PSSO experienced varying degrees of overflow pollution, primarily due to the sewer sediment. A negative relationship between the rainfall and peak time of overflow pollution was observed. The traceability analysis indicated the overall pollution intensity exhibited the following order: residential areas > industrial parks > commercial areas. In addition to commercial areas, the pollution intensity across underlying surfaces generally exhibited the following order: roofs > roads > grasslands. The roof runoff was an important source of pollutants for overflow pollution, and TSS and COD were the major contributors. Notably, grasslands had a buffering effect on pollutants and pH.

Evaluating the potability of domestic water supply sources using water quality index in Kilombero district, Tanzania

ABSTRACT The decline in water quality in various bodies of water has led to significant health risks for individuals relying on these sources for drinking and domestic use. The prevalence of waterborne diseases in some areas is attributed by inadequate water quality assessments of supply sources. This study focused on evaluating the potability of domestic water sources in the Kilombero district of Tanzania, where approximately 70% of the population depends on untreated natural sources. Two models were utilized: the Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WAWQI) and the Canadian Council of Ministers of Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI), analysing 15 water quality parameters. The WAWQI identified three groundwater sources as poor quality for consumption, while indicating seasonal improvements in water quality – from 12 in the wet season to 13 in the dry season. Conversely, the CCME WQI classified all 15 sources as potable, with an increase in ‘Excellent’ ratings from 9 to 13 between seasons. The findings showed that all surface water sources were deemed potable, while 67% of groundwater sources met quality standards. The remaining 33% of boreholes were categorized as having poor quality. Overall, both models indicated better water quality during the dry season, with surface water generally exhibiting higher quality than groundwater.

Deriving water quality index using site-specific water quality parameter guidelines for real-time water quality stations

ABSTRACT The Newfoundland and Labrador real-time water quality (RTWQ) monitoring program operates a network of surface water monitoring stations, measuring physical water quality parameters in near real time. The network generates vast amounts of data that are too complex for many stakeholders to interpret. While the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment water quality index (WQI) has been a valuable tool to simplify and summarize the ambient quality of water, its usage in RTWQ is virtually non-existent. This is largely due to the lack of alignment/congruency between the limited number of parameters from real-time networks and the availability of aquatic water quality guidelines. This paper is the first attempt to outline a method of utilizing real-time water quality data to generate site-specific water quality guidelines using the background concentration method. Using these guidelines, we compute weekly WQI scores for select monitoring stations and examine various influences on the scores, including precipitation. The influence of each parameter on the WQI score is also plotted in the computation of the RTWQ WQI. Comparison is made between the yearly scores of the Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators WQI and RTWQ WQI. The paper also discusses the challenges and benefits of using this methodology as well as the sensitivity of WQI scoring at stations with various anthropogenic influences.

Evaluation and pollution analysis of water environment of state-controlled river in Zaozhuang City from 2016 to 2022

The quality of water environment is closely linked to the survival and development of human beings. Thanks to the Water Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan, the quality of the water environment has improved significantly. However, challenges remain in the surface water environment due to human activities in the basin. We analyze the surface water quality of the six state-controlled rivers in Zaozhuang City, which are key tributaries to the Nansi Lake and the water storage and distribution area of the South-to-North Water Diversion East Project. Physical-chemical parameters and metal pollutants were detected from 2016 to 2022. The Various indices were used for evaluating the surface water environmental quality and pollution issue. Although there were significant inter-year differences in each river, the results of Water quality index and Nemerow composite index analysis indicated that the water quality of the six rivers has continuously improved over the years. Nevertheless, as this research reports, such as considerable annual fluctuations in pollution factors, obvious pollution characteristics in river basins, and difficulty in controlling non-point source pollution, which still restrict the further improvement of the water environment. Each river presents various water environment problems due to differences in industrial structures within its basin. Through the analysis of production and lifestyle in each basin, the main pollution sources of each river were evaluated and determined. Based on the type and characteristics of pollution sources, control measures and optimization strategies are proposed for the improvement of the water environment.

Advancing Multi-Ion Sensing with Poly-Octylthiophene: 3D-Printed Milker-Implantable Microfluidic Device.

On-site rapid multi-ion sensing accelerates early identification of environmental pollution, water quality, and disease biomarkers in both livestock and humans. This study introduces a pocket-sized 3D-printed sensor, manufactured using additive manufacturing, specifically designed for detecting iron (Fe2+), nitrate (NO3 -), calcium (Ca2+), and phosphate (HPO4 2-). A unique feature of this device is its utilization of a universal ion-to-electron transducing layer made from highly redox-active poly-octylthiophene (POT), enabling an all-solid-state electrode tailored to each ion of interest. Manufactured with an extrusion-based 3D printer, the device features a periodic pattern of lateral layers (width = 80µm), including surface wrinkles. The superhydrophobic nature of the POT prevents the accumulation of nonspecific ions at the interface between the gold and POT layers, ensuring exceptional sensor selectivity. Lithography-free, 3D-printed sensors achieve sensitivity down to 1ppm of target ions in under a minute due to their 3D-wrinkled surface geometry. Integrated seamlessly with a microfluidic system for sample temperature stabilization, the printed sensor resides within a robust, pocket-sized 3D-printed device. This innovation integrates with milking parlors for real-time calcium detection, addressing diagnostic challenges in on-site livestock health monitoring, and has the capability to monitor water quality, soil nutrients, and human diseases.

Assessment of Groundwater Quality Using Water Quality Indices in Illegal Mining Communities: A Case Study of the Atwima-kwanwoma District and Obuasi East Metropolis, Ghana

This study investigated groundwater quality in illegal mining zones within the Atwima-Kwanwoma District and Obuasi East Metropolis of the Ashanti Region, Ghana, employing both the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME-WQI) and Nemerow's Pollution Index (NPI). The analysis revealed severe contamination across multiple parameters, including heavy metals, microbial indicators, and physicochemical parameters. The CCME-WQI values for the five towns consistently indicated "Poor" water quality, ranging from 26.8 to 31.1, reflecting significant deviations from acceptable water quality standards. Notably, Town A exhibited a cyanide concentration of 11.25 mg/L, while Town B recorded lead levels at 118.73 μg/L, both far exceeding permissible limits set by health authorities. The presence of Escherichia coli further exacerbates health risks, underscoring the urgent need for improved water treatment and management practices. This study demonstrates that the integrated use of NPI and CCME-WQI provides a comprehensive assessment of groundwater quality, revealing significant environmental and public health challenges. Immediate intervention, including regulatory enforcement, sustainable mining practices, and remediation strategies, is crucial to safeguard groundwater resources. The findings contribute uniquely to the understanding of water quality dynamics in mining-affected regions and advocate for a coordinated approach to mitigate environmental degradation.

Evaluation of the water quality of an artificial inter-andean lake in northern Peru

Lake Burlan, a lentic ecosystem artificially created by untreated runoff from adjacent rice fields, is located in the Amazon region within the dry forests of northern Peru. This body of water plays a fundamental role in agriculture and recreational activities in the area, which are fundamental to the local economy. This research aimed to evaluate the water quality of Lake Burlan using the Water Quality Index of Peru (WQI-PE). In addition, both spatial and depth variations of limnological parameters and trace elements were determined. The WQI-PE was calculated at seven sampling stations at two depths (surface level and one meter), using 18 limnological parameters and nine trace elements. The WQI-PE assessment indicated that the lake water quality ranged from poor to fair for both depths. Statistical analysis showed that nine limnological parameters and five trace elements showed spatial differences across seven sampling stations, while three limnological parameters and two trace elements showed depth-dependent variations. Concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead were in exceedance of the national and international standards on environmental water quality. Therefore, the water quality of Lake Burlan is affected mainly by the impact of the surrounding rice fields and recreational activities. This research establishes a starting point for future monitoring to assist in the implementation of prevention and mitigation.

Integrated environmental and social assessment of alum-contaminated water in An Giang province

ABSTRACT This study investigates alum-contaminated water in An Giang province within the Mekong Delta, emphasizing methodological approaches to assess its distribution and impacts. The research conducted from March to May 2021 involved surveys of residents, public sector employees, and provincial managers, complemented by expert interviews and extensive fieldwork. Surface water samples were collected during both rainy and dry seasons across three districts, with parameters such as turbidity, pH, and temperature measured onsite, and aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu) concentrations analyzed in the laboratory using atomic absorption spectrometry. The data were further processed using QGIS software to create comprehensive maps illustrating seasonal variations in water quality. The findings revealed significant spatial and temporal variations in water quality, with pH levels fluctuating markedly between the dry and rainy seasons. Household surveys indicated a lack of awareness regarding effective water treatment methods, with most respondents relying on local authorities for solutions. The study highlights the need for community education and participation in addressing alum contamination, offering insights into the environmental and public health implications of water quality in the region. This research contributes valuable knowledge to the ongoing efforts in environmental conservation and water quality management in the Mekong Delta.

Study on the response mechanisms and evolution prediction of groundwater microbial-toxicological indicators.

This study aims to investigate the response mechanisms of groundwater microbial-toxicological indicators, specifically total bacteria count (TBC) and total coliform count (TCC), to water quality indicators and environmental conditions. Using data from a water source in the western plateau of China, a predictive model focusing on TBC and TCC was developed. An orthogonal experimental design was employed to manipulate environmental conditions such as temperature, pH, and porosity, facilitating laboratory experiments. These experiments measured pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), TBC, and TCC at varying depths and environmental conditions. Principal component analysis elucidated the mechanisms by which water quality indicators and environmental conditions affect groundwater microbial-toxicological indicators. A prediction model for these indicators in plateau regions was established based on a backpropagation neural network (BP-NN), using TBC and TCC as target variables and the newly extracted principal components as influencing factors. The results demonstrate that environmental conditions and water quality indicators primarily influence the evolution of groundwater microbial-toxicological indicators by altering the ionic charge quantities, redox conditions, and temperature of the groundwater. The predictive model for groundwater microbial-toxicological indicators shows trends consistent with experimental outcomes, with an average relative error of less than 15%, meeting engineering requirements. PRACTITIONER POINTS: The values of total bacteria count (TBC) and total coliform count (TCC) under different conditions were obtained by column experiments. The influence mechanism of environmental conditions and groundwater indicators on TBC and TCC was elaborated by principal component analysis. TBC and TCC prediction models were established through the investigation of water sources in a plateau area and laboratory experiments.

Evaluation of water environment quality in a typical wetland on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau using positive matrix factorization and self-organizing map

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), the world's largest plateau, harbors rich lake resources but is ecologically fragile. Vulnerable river ecosystems in these areas face significant threats from environmental and anthropogenic pressures. Thus, comprehensive water quality monitoring is essential prior to conservation efforts. This study focuses on the Selin Co International Wetland in Tibet, a model of natural wetland ecosystems. We employed methods including water quality assessment, source apportionment, and clustering analysis to evaluate the water environment. Results from the Water Quality Index (WQI) indicate overall good water quality; however, parameters such as COD, DO, TN, TP, and As require monitoring for potential exceedance. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) analysis reveals that the primary sources of substances are identified as natural sources (37.17%), animal disturbance sources (32.93%), and anthropogenic activities (22.31%). The results of the water source analysis using the PMF and the cluster analysis based on the self-organizing map (SOM) indicate that natural and geographical environmental factors are the primary determinants of water quality, with minimal influence from human activities. This research emphasizes the importance of these natural influences, providing a scientific foundation for the protection and management of wetlands in the QTP, which is critical for ensuring regional water resource security.

Impacts of shellfish and macroalgae mariculture on the seawater carbonate system and air-sea [formula omitted] flux in Haizhou Bay, China

China is the largest mariculture country, and shellfish and algae output ranks first, showing high carbon sink capacity. In recent years, the single cultivation of macroalgae (Pyropia yezoensis) has been changed to macroalgae-shellfish mariculture in Haizhou Bay to increase the yield of P. yezoensis and improve the water environment quality. In this study, four surveys were carried out in July 2022 during the monoculture period of oyster (Magallana gigas), as well as at different stages of P. yezoensis culture (head-crop period, November 2022, peak growing season, January 2023, and end of harvesting, March 2023) in the mariculture and the surrounding waters of Haizhou Bay. The effects of different stages of culture on the seawater environment and seasonal and spatial variations in the carbonate system were analyzed, and the carbon sink capacity was preliminarily estimated. The results showed that in summer, the calcification of M. gigas and the primary production process of phytoplankton effectively reduced the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) level in the culture area. The culture area acts as a CO2 sink, with an average air-sea CO2 flux of −4.5 mmol m−2 d−1. During the polyculture period, the P. yezoensis culture activities maintained the stability of the seawater carbonate system, and the culture area shows strong CO2 sinks, with the average air-sea CO2 flux of −24.10 mmol m−2 d−1, -37.68 mmol m−2 d−1, and -38.99 mmol m−2 d−1, respectively. The absorption of CO2 by large-scale cultured P. yezoensis through the "biological pump" effect is the main factor affecting the CO2 exchange process at the air-sea interface, and the absorption rate of CO2 by P. yezoensis at the mature stage is higher than that at the growth stage before harvesting. The study revealed that macroalgae-shellfish mariculture could promote mutual growth, alleviate environmental pressure, and enhance the carbon sink of the culture area. The relationship between mariculture and the carbon cycle of a mariculture ecosystem is very complicated, and its biochemical process should be given great attention for further study.

Histological Based Environmental Monitoring of the Lower Nun River: Using the Histo-morphometry of Kidney, Gills, Liver, and Testes of Coptodon zillii

It is an ecotoxicological study aimed at using chemical and bio-monitoring methods to pollution status of the Lower Nun River (LNR) basin using the histo-morphometry of the Liver, Kidney, Gills, and the Testes of Coptodon zillii. Based on literature review on the environmental burdens of the LNR, the following Target Chemicals (TC) were chosen for the study: Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Nickel (Ni) and Lead (Pb). The study involved the sampling of water, sediment and feral fish from two stations along the LNR, Peremabiri (PER) and Igbomotoru(IGB) – Experimental sites.Water and sediment samples were analyzed to ascertain the physico-chemical concentrations of potential contaminants, while the harvest fish organs of liver, kidney, gills and testes were subjected to histological study to ascertain the exposure effect. Control fishes were harvested from African Aqua-culture Centre (ARAC) – Reference Site. Analyzed sediment and water values were used to evaluate Environmental Water Quality Index (EWQI) and sediment quality, while the fish organs were analyzes and used for pollution certification and stratification. Study results showed that EWQI of PER was poor (41.9); sediment quality showed that Cr, CU and Pb were above the Maximum Allowable Toxicant Concentration (MATC) for fresh water body. Fish from IGB showed worse lesion prevalence and organ histopathologic Index (Iorg) when compared to PER, with ARAC having the best outcome. The environmental pollution status (EPS) LNR was normal at PER and was slightly polluted at IGB. The study gave credence to the use of histology as a biomarker to assess sublethal effects of environmental stressors, and in determination of the pollution status.

First full-scale application of barium carbonate as an effective dispersed alkaline substrate for sulfate removal from acid mine drainage

A full-scale passive treatment plant using barium carbonate (BaCO3), the mineral witherite, as a Dispersed Alkaline Substrate (DAS) for strongly contaminated acid mine drainage was implemented for the first time globally at Mina Concepción, located in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (SW Spain). The plant was monitored over a 105-day period, covering the wettest months of the hydrological year and with a mean flow around 4 L s−1. The AMD treated in the plant exhibits a high strength, with an average sulfate concentration around 1500 mg L−1 and net acidity close to 1000 mg L−1 as CaCO₃ equivalent. According to the above, the loading rate for SO4 and Fe was around 400 and 80 kg day−1, respectively. The treatment process produced an alkaline effluent with low metal content. Nearly complete removal of most metal(loid)s was achieved, with significant sulfate decrease to below 500 mg L−1 in the alkaline outflow of the barium carbonate tank. Barium carbonate demonstrated superior performance compared to magnesia, particularly in enhancing alkalinity and lowering net acidity and concentrations of sulfate and manganese. The high efficiency attained by the plant after the barium carbonate treatment is evidenced by compliance with environmental water quality standards for most contaminants.

Ultra-sensitive nitrate-ion detection via transconductance-enhanced graphene ion-sensitive field-effect transistors

Current potentiometric sensing methods are limited to detecting nitrate at parts-per-billion (sub-micromolar) concentrations, and there are no existing potentiometric chemical sensors with ultralow detection limits below the parts-per-trillion (picomolar) level. To address these challenges, we integrate interdigital graphene ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs) with a nitrate ion-sensitive membrane (ISM). The work aims to maximize nitrate ion transport through the nitrate ISM, while achieving high device transconductance by evaluating graphene layer thickness, optimizing channel width-to-length ratio (RWL), and enlarging total sensing area. The captured nitrate ions by the nitrate ISM induce surface potential changes that are transduced into electrical signals by graphene, manifested as the Dirac point shifts. The device exhibits Nernst response behavior under ultralow concentrations, achieving a sensitivity of 28 mV/decade and establishing a record low limit of detection of 0.041 ppt (4.8 × 10−13 M). Additionally, the sensor showed a wide linear detection range from 0.1 ppt (1.2 × 10−12 M) to 100 ppm (1.2 × 10−3 M). Furthermore, successful detection of nitrate in tap and snow water was demonstrated with high accuracy, indicating promising applications to drinking water safety and environmental water quality control.

Analisis Kualitas Air Embung Bendo, Mayangkawis dan Babo dengan Peruntukan Wisata dan Pertanian di Kabupaten Bojonegoro

With the potential of the agricultural sector, Bojonegoro Regency certainly requires an abundant supply of clean water. To overcome this problem, the Bojonegoro Regency Government built reservoirs to protect clean water supply in several areas in Bojonegoro Regency. The utilization of existing embung in Bojonegoro is not limited to agriculture only, but also as a tourist spot. To date, there has been no research assessing the quality of water in reservoirs. Consequently, this study aimed to evaluate the water quality in three reservoirs located in Bojonegoro. This study employs qualitative analysis derived from the environmental laboratory water quality assessments conducted by Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kabupaten Bojonegoro. The findings from the water analyses of Embung Bendo, Embung Mayangkawis, and Embung Babo reveal distinct conditions among the three locations. These variations are attributed to differing environmental factors that influence each site uniquely.

An integrated novel approach to the environmental health assessment of Bangladesh's coastal ecosystems

The coastal expanse of Bangladesh, situated along the Bay of Bengal, is a susceptible and low-lying area grappling with multiple environmental challenges. Various physicochemical parameters were employed in the assessment of water quality. The CCME Water Quality Index indicated the western coast as 70.13 (Fair), the Central coast as 42.2 (Poor), and the Eastern Coast as 64.6 (Marginal). This outcome was corroborated by the Environmental Quality Index, with the Western Coast ranked as (Good), the Eastern Coast as (Fair), and the Central Coast as (Poor). The analyzed parameters provided insights into pollution levels, water clarity, nutrient dynamics, and the overall health of the coastal ecosystems. Additionally, the study delved into heavy metal concentrations, encompassing arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). The eastern coast exhibited higher contamination compared to the other two regions, emphasizing potential risks to both the environment and human health. This study aimed to evaluate the environmental health risks and water quality in this region, introducing a novel Environmental Health Risk Index (EHRI) to gauge the overall environmental health conditions. According to the EHRI, the Western Coast exhibited good conditions (2.25), while the Central (3.625) and Eastern (3.5) Coasts were classified as not bad, with the Eastern Coast experiencing comparatively lesser impact. Based on these findings, several recommendations emerge, including the implementation of climate change adaptation strategies such as coastal protection measures, the advocacy of sustainable land use practices, and the enhancement of monitoring and management protocols for water quality.