Environmental Sustainability Assessment Research Articles

Environmental Impact of Poultry Manure Gasification Technology for Energy and Ash Valorization

Thermochemical technologies offer potential solutions for energy recovery and mitigating the environmental impacts of biomass waste. Poultry manure (PM), a nutrient-rich biomass but also a potentially problematic biomass waste, presents an opportunity for recovery and recycling. This study compares the environmental performance of a real-scale novel gasification technology called Chimera (designed and developed through an EU LIFE program) in locally treating PM with anaerobic digestion (AD) and incineration. Using life cycle assessment (LCA), the potential environmental impacts of the technologies were assessed using the Environmental Footprint (EF) 3.0 midpoint life cycle impact assessment method. We performed an attributional LCA with substitution. The selected functional unit (FU) is the treatment of one tonne (1000 kg) PM at 40% dry matter in the Netherlands in 2021 for 20 years. The LCA results of the three technologies compared showed that no single technology outperformed the other across all the impact categories. Climate change scores for the various technologies were −383 (incineration), −206 (Chimera), and −161 (anaerobic digestion) kg CO2 eq./FU. The results were influenced mainly by the potential utilization of the substituted heat and electricity. This study expands the existing literature on environmental sustainability assessments of PM treatment technologies. It underscores the prospects for these technologies to promote circularity while also indicating the bottlenecks for the potential environmental impacts and highlighting the most sensitive aspects that can influence the environmental performance of these technologies.

Revisiting the sustainable industrialization paradigm in Africa: Exploring the influence of digitalization

AbstractThis research contributes to the ongoing discourse surrounding the sustainable industrialization of African nations, a pivotal aspect emphasized by the United Nations within the Sustainable Development Goals. Drawing inspiration from the burgeoning digitalization trends across Africa, this study examines the role of digitalization in mediating the environmental repercussions of industrialization within the 45 African countries spanning the years 2000–2022. The assessment of environmental sustainability is gauged through ecological footprint and biocapacity. Employing the Environmental Kuznets Curve, and the Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology framework, empirical analyses leverage the Generalized Method of Moments and the mediation analysis using structural equation modeling to unveil insightful findings. The research findings highlight the detrimental impact of industrialization on ecological health, evidenced by its correlation with an increase in ecological footprint and a decrease in biocapacity. Conversely, digitalization emerges as a positive influence on environmental well‐being. These findings remain consistent across diverse categorizations of digitalization, and ecological balance. Further examination of their interplay reveals a discernible favorable impact on environmental sustainability, with mediation analysis suggesting that digitalization mitigates approximately 4% and 6% of the overall impact of industrialization on ecological footprint and biocapacity, respectively. Additionally, our analysis lends credence to the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis. As a result, it is imperative for governments to incentivize industries to adopt eco‐friendly practices and technologies in order to mitigate their ecological footprint. At the same time, policies that promote digitalization should be encouraged to further enhance environmental quality.

Environmental Sustainability Assessment of Tissue Paper Production

The environmental performance of tissue paper varies greatly based on factors such as the type of fibre used as the raw material, the production process and the fuels used to meet the energy requirements. One possible strategy to decrease greenhouse gas emissions in tissue production is the integration of pulp and paper mills and their energy systems at the same site. However, the environmental trade-offs associated with this strategy are still unclear. Therefore, this study aimed (i) to assess for the first time the environmental impacts of tissue paper produced at a typical industrial site in Portugal using slush and market pulp as the main raw material, and (ii) to assess the environmental effects of the integration of bioenergy produced in the pulp mill in tissue production. A life cycle assessment was conducted from cradle to gate using real data from the production of eucalyptus wood, eucalyptus pulp and tissue paper. The results showed that energy consumption in tissue paper production is the main hotspot for most impact categories. When bioenergy is used in tissue production, the environmental impacts decrease by up to 20% for categories other than marine eutrophication and mineral resource scarcity. These results are relevant to support decision making concerning sustainable practices not only for the pulp and paper industry but also for the authorities in charge of defining environmental policies, incentives and tax regulations.

Remanufacturing construction and demolition waste and incineration ashes into eco-blocks: Quantitative sustainability assessment

This study performed a sustainability evaluation of a proposed business for remanufacturing concrete materials from construction and demolition waste (CDW) and ash from the combustion of municipal solid waste (MSW) to produce eco-blocks for construction applications. Six possible industrial remanufacturing alternatives are proposed based on commercially available industrial machinery and their economic sustainability was compared by a cost and profit feasibility study. Furthermore, the technical feasibility was evaluated by considering the maturity of the selected machinery based on the relationships among the cost–productivity, power–productivity, and number of workers–productivity pairs. The proposed remanufacturing business achieves a maximum profit of 17,643 USD/day with a minimum remanufacturing cost of 30.65 USD/t for the production of 529 t of eco-blocks in an 8-h factory shift. A quantitative environmental sustainability assessment was performed using the remanufacturing cost, profit, concrete savings, energy savings, CO2 emission savings, and eco-cost savings as criteria based on demographic statistics from the literature for current and predicted CDW and MSW generation. CDW and incineration ash are widely available, so the proposed process is viable worldwide. Based on the technical, economic, and environmental sustainability results, a final sustainability index of 0.874 was calculated, which exceeds literature thresholds for a sustainable business, indicating that the proposed eco-block remanufacturing process has the potential to generate substantial profits, while positively contributing to reducing waste and energy usage by recovering valuable resources and producing value-added products. The remanufactured eco-blocks are prepared in the same way as typical concrete blocks and can be used for all of the same residential, commercial, and industrial construction and landscaping applications. The remanufactured eco-blocks have several advantages over typical concrete blocks, including a much lower manufacturing cost (∼50 % lower), significant environmental and resource savings by avoiding the use of new sand and gravel resources, and improved mechanical properties.

Environmental Sustainability Assessment of Cold Storage Panel Production

Today's ever-increasing environmental sustainability concerns have led to a major shift in construction sites and industrial sectors. In this context, the choice of construction materials for important structures such as cold storages plays an important role in terms of both environmental impacts and energy efficiency. The aim of this study is to evaluate the environmental loads of cold storage panels with thicknesses of 80 mm, 100 mm, 120 mm, 150 mm, 180 mm and 200 mm. In order to reveal the production inputs that cause these loads, the environmental effects were examined specifically for the 100 mm thick cold storage panel. Environmental impacts were analyzed using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method in accordance with the ISO 14040/44 methodology as a system boundary "cradle to gate". This study focused on three different environmental impact categories of cold storage panels produced in Türkiye: global warming potential (GWP), cumulative energy demand (CED) and water footprint. In the evaluation of environmental impacts, production inventory information obtained from the panel manufacturer was used. For analyses, Simapro v. 8.5 LCA software was used. Analysis results show that the use of galvanized sheet metal in cold storage panel production is a hot spot in terms of global warming effect. It has been determined that the largest share in the water footprint belongs to polyurethane used as insulation material. Additionally, according to the CED, non-renewable fossil and non-renewable nuclear were determined to be the most affected categories, and the use of galvanized sheet metal and polyurethane were determined to be the most important hot spots in terms of non-renewable and renewable resources. To help improve the environmental performance of the cold storage panel, it is recommended to use bio-based and less environmentally impactful raw materials in production and to measure their environmental impact on a life cycle basis from cradle to grave.

The Green Indium Patented Technology SCRIPT, for Indium Recovery from Liquid Crystal Displays: Bench Scale Validation Driven by Sustainability Assessment

Indium is considered a valuable and irreplaceable material for a variety of applications that improve the quality of human life. Due to its limited availability and the growing demand, it is mandatory to find sustainable solutions for indium recovery from end-of-life devices. The green indium patented technology SCRIPT (ITA202018000008207) focuses on recovering indium from ground LCD panels, developed through laboratory scale investigation. The process ensures high recovery efficiencies of indium (>90%), features a simple design, and fully exploits the solid residue with the production of a concrete for building applications. This manuscript presents a study focused on the validation and optimization of the patented SCRIPT technology at the bench scale, driven by sustainability assessment. Bench scale experiments successfully validated the technology, improving its technology readiness level. Furthermore, an environmental sustainability assessment highlighted the importance of treating the finest fraction, which has the highest indium concentration. Optimization tests at the bench scale demonstrated that water could be recirculated for more than five cycles. The economic sustainability tests highlighted that when the indium concentration in the material fed into the recycling plant is above 1000 mg/kg, the technology is cost effective and worth investment. Our study is fundamental for boosting indium recycling in the world. Moreover, our methodological approach represents a guideline for achieving sustainability goals within circular economy approaches for strategic metals in complex matrices.

Environmental Sustainability Assessment of Banana Peel Briquetting

Abstract Continued population growth is expected to further strain the energy-food nexus, such as the increase of waste generation by 2050. Proper waste management is thus essential to manage the future scenarios. Banana is one of the highly produced crops globally, and especially in the Philippines, where one of its most notable wastes are the banana peels. It is estimated that 1.67 million metric tons of banana peel waste is generated from banana production in the Philippines. Despite the potential of BP across other applications, these technologies are not yet implemented on an industrial scale. While their potential as a raw material for various products has been researched extensively, the environmental sustainability of these technologies is yet to be measured. One of the technologies for utilizing waste biomass is briquetting. Briquettes are processed densified biomass which can be used as a substitute for conventional solid fuels, especially in household cooking. This study aims to report for the first time the environmental performance of industrial-scale banana peel briquetting from collected empirical data. Life cycle assessment is conducted through openLCA with ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (H) being the impact assessment method. The results indicate that the production of briquetting performs better environmentally compared to the equivalent production of charcoal. The carbon footprint of producing briquettes from banana peels is 0.01 kg CO2-eq/MJ, over 95% lower than conventional charcoal. The briquettes from banana peels also indicate lower environmental impacts in categories such as agricultural land occupation, and fossil depletion potential. Contribution analysis of the system indicates that the use of binder contributes most to the impacts of briquetting production. Possible use of different binders or the development of different binders is expected to improve environmental performance. Alternative energy schemes for drying can also improve environmental performance.

Energy Efficiency and Sustainability in Food Retail Buildings: Introducing a Novel Assessment Framework

One of the primary global objectives is to decrease building energy consumption to promote energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. The large-scale food retail trade sector accounts for over 15% of total primary energy consumption in Europe, posing a significant challenge to the transition towards green energy. This study proposes a simple method for energy efficiency, environmental sustainability, and cost-saving assessment and improvement in large-scale food retail trade buildings. It aims to analyze the energy and environmental performance of building–plant systems, establishing an interactive network to assess intervention potential for the energy transition. The investigation focuses on the proper selection and analysis of the benefits of retrofit solution implementation, emphasizing potential energy savings in current and future climate change scenarios. Dynamic simulation with the Building Energy Model (BEM) was used to evaluate the impacts of building–plant system retrofit solutions, such as high thermal insulation, photovoltaic (PV) panels, Light Emitting Diode (LED) installation, waste heat recovery, and improvement in refrigeration units. The results show a reduction in annual energy consumption for the PV panel installation by up to 29% and lighting systems with high-quality LED to 60%. Additionally, CO2 emissions can be decreased by up to 41% by combining these two strategies.

Safety and sustainability by design: An explorative survey on concepts’ knowledge and application

The Safe and Sustainable by Design (SSbD) concept integrates safety and sustainability of chemicals and materials, throughout their entire life cycle and minimizes their environmental footprint. The European Commission (EC) in 2022 developed a framework to practically apply SSbD. This study investigated the knowledge on SSbD and the operationalization of such framework among the partners of the Partnership for the Assessment of Risks from Chemicals (PARC) program. Forty-one responses from 32 PARC Institutions were collected through a 21 item-online survey. Seventy-three % of the respondents had knowledge of SSbD, although only 49 % reported to have been directly engaged into SSbD projects. The EC-SSbD framework was applied by the 26 % of participants and in 47 % of cases it included a (re)design phase. With respect to the safety and sustainability, the assessment of the hazard, the human health and safety aspects in the production and processing, and the human health and environmental aspects in the final application of the chemical/material was addressed by the 74 %, 52 % and 65 % of the respondents. Lower percentages of positive responses regarded the environmental, social and economic sustainability assessment: 35 %, 20 % and 13 %, respectively. Overall, while the framework provided the necessary building blocks and opportunities for SSbD, concerted and iterative Research, Industry, and Academia efforts are necessary to develop/improve assessment methods, models and tools to make SSbD as an approach to chemical risk assessment and management to protect human health and the environment, and ensure to operate within the planetary boundaries.

A green approach: Simultaneous spectrophotometric detection of Co-administered levamisole and triclabendazole in Fasciola-infected sheep with environmental sustainability assessment

The goal of this work is to evaluate the greenness of six spectrophotometric approaches that have been presented for determining the binary combination of levamisole (LVA) and triclabendazole (TCZ). To evaluate the suggested approaches, the analytical community has taken an interest in using green analytical chemistry practices. Two tools, called "Analytical GREEness" (AGREE) and "Green Analytical Procedure Index" (GAPI), were utilized to assess the degree of greenness. The zero spectrum of TCZ and LVA is compared, and it is seen that their spectra overlap. This means that the six spectrophotometric methods can be used to find them: zero order (D0), first derivative (D1), second derivative (D2), the area under the curve (AUC), mean centering, and bivariate. Method I: The zero-order method (D0) is used to measure TCZ directly at 306 nm because LVA has no absorption. Method II: the first derivative method (D1) was used at wavelengths of 312 nm and 220 nm for TCZ and LVA respectively, and the linear range for TCZ and LVA was 2–18 μg/mL and 2–14 μg/mL, respectively. Method III: For the TCZ, the second derivative method (D2) was used at a wavelength of 312 nm and a linear range of 1–18 μg/mL. Method IV: The area under the curve (AUC) method was used with wavelengths of 202–207 nm and 218–226 nm, and concentrations of 2–14 μg/mL for LVA and 1–9 μg/mL for TCZ. Method V: we used a mean-centering method that involved dividing the mean-centered ratio spectrum by the spectrum of the 6 μg/mL TCZ and finding the mean-centered ratio values at 241 nm for LVA. Method VI: The bivariate method is based on measuring two components at two chosen wavelengths using the Kaiser Method. The wavelengths 215 and 225 nm gave the best value of K, so they could be used to find the concentrations of LVA and TCZ. It ranged from 2 to 16 μg/mL for TCZ and from 2 to 14 μg/mL for LVA. These methods were developed for analyzing binary mixtures in pharmaceutical dosage form and bulk powders with high recoveries. Following ICH guidelines, the developed techniques underwent validation. The results show that there were no significant differences when all methods were compared statistically to the described method for TCZ and LVA.

Economic validation and comparison of microbial tryptophan, erythritol and collagen production in an integrated sugarcane biorefinery

Low sugar prices present a significant challenge to the global sugarcane industry, prompting the exploration of diversification strategies for expanding product portfolios. Techno-economic analyses and environmental sustainability assessments were carried out to evaluate the microbial production of tryptophan, erythritol, and collagen from A-molasses in a biorefinery annexed to an existing sugarcane mill. Tryptophan production exhibited the highest profitability, with a minimum selling price (MSP) at 59.7 % of its current market price, although the achievable production volumes of tryptophan from one sugar mill would oversupply the global market. Due to the larger market size of for collagen the achievable production capacity in the collagen scenario would avoid market saturation, reducing the risk of oversupply and rendering it more economically viable. In contrast, erythritol production was marginally not profitable, with an MSP exceeding the current market price by 1 %, primarily attributed to high operational costs. All scenarios demonstrated relatively low greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (ranging from 9.1 to 16.5 kg CO2eq/kg product), with tryptophan production emerging as the most environmentally favourable option due to minimal chemical and freshwater usage. When compared with literature-reported data on ethanol and short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS), only collagen and ethanol production were deemed viable, based on their favourable profitability and contribution to the market.

Ecosystem Science-Based Absolute Environmental Sustainability Assessment of Chemical Products with and without Climate Justice

Ecosystem Science-Based Absolute Environmental Sustainability Assessment of Chemical Products with and without Climate Justice

Assessment of environmental sustainability of drinking water treatments for arsenic removal

To date, few studies that developed a complete Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) are available in literature, but they are limited to non-conventional processes and did not take into consideration the entire drinking water treatment plant (DWTP). Moreover, few data of the environmental impact are currently available for some of the most widely applied technologies such as biological filtration and coagulation. This study aims to overcome this research gap carrying out a LCA in order to identify (i) what is the most impactful process, and (ii) what possible solutions for mitigating the impact can be proposed. Focusing on the treatment for arsenic removal, the results showed that coagulation was the most impactful process mainly due to the electricity consumption while, looking at the entire DWTP, disinfection prevails. In view of potential up-grade, the use of green energy can effectively increase the sustainability.

Sustainability-aware measurement design: How to select the right measuring system

Environmental sustainability assessment has been establishing itself as a requirement when selecting any good or service. This approach also applies to the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure, and to Measurements, which represent integral components of ICT. This means that, in the measurement design, the traditional parameters of target uncertainty and costs should be accompanied by environmental sustainability ones.To address this aspect, among the steps of the measurement design process, this paper focuses on the selection, for a given measurand, of the most suitable measuring system from a sustainability perspective. Specifically, to guarantee also consistency of the approach, the proposed methodology is developed within a framework that takes into account the pillars of measurement uncertainty (i.e. the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement, GUM) and those of sustainability assessment (i.e. the ISO14000 family of standards).As a case study, three resistance measuring systems are compared under different simulated and experimental scenarios. The obtained results demonstrate how, through the incorporation of sustainability considerations alongside metrological performance criteria, this methodology facilitates a holistic approach to the selection of measuring systems, promoting environmentally conscious practices within the field of Metrology.

Developing a Comprehensive Framework for Assessing Airports’ Environmental Sustainability

The background of this research is environmental sustainability assessments in the aviation ecosystem, particularly concerning airports, which are getting significant attention from industry representatives, regulators, and researchers. A standardized and comprehensive approach is essential to uniformly address the global impact of these assessments across the industry. The main objective of this study is to propose a framework that encompasses the requirements of aviation regulators, as well as industry and academic metrics, aiming for a standardized approach to environmental sustainability assessments at airports. The methodology employs the Sum of Rankings Method to rank each airport across various environmental indicators. This approach was applied to five globally distributed airports, offering a diverse testing ground for assessing the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed metrics and validating the ranking framework. The results show that applying the framework across varied airport environments demonstrated its ranking viability and effectiveness, indicating that it can be successfully applied to different airport realities. The conclusion shows that the developed framework can be successfully applied, suggesting that it is a valid method for adoption in environmental airport sustainability rankings.

Assessing Borneo’s tropical forests and plantations: a multi-sensor remote sensing and geospatial MCDA approach to environmental sustainability

The assessment of environmental sustainability is of utmost importance for the forests and plantations in Borneo, given the critical need for environmental protection through the identification and mitigation of potential risks. This study was conducted to assess the environmental sustainability of tropical forest and plantations landscape, a case study in northern Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Applications of the latest high-resolution multi-sensor remote sensing and geospatial MCDA are cost-effective and useful for large-scale environmental sustainability assessment. The land use land cover (LULC) of the study area was mapped with synergistic use of Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Sentinel-2 optical and high-resolution PlanetScope satellite imageries, resulting in overall accuracy of 87.24%. Five sustainability indicator layers: slope erosion protection, river buffer, landscape connectivity and quality, high conservation value (HCV), and water turbidity were developed from the LULC map, ancillary datasets of SRTM, and forest operation basemap with reference to standards from the Environment Protection Department (EPD), Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO), and Forest Management Plan (FMP) for the analysis using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) model. The results revealed that overall, the study areas are in the high sustainability category at 61%, medium at 31%, and low at only 8%. We analyzed the environmental sustainability of five land use boundaries, and the results showed that Industrial Tree Plantations (ITP) and Village Reserve are mostly in the high category. Meanwhile, oil palm plantations, rubber plantations, and forest reserve (FR) are the majority in the medium category. Both oil palm and rubber plantations are a majority in the medium class due to monocropping land use type having low landscape connectivity and quality individual sustainability indicator layer. The study presented the concept of use of multi-sensor remote sensing for LULC mapping with geospatial MCDA for environmental sustainability assessment useful to stakeholders for improving the management plan also contributing toward the progress of achieving UNSDGs and addressing REDD+.

ASSESSMENT OF THE READINESS OF THE TOURISM INDUSTRY IN THE PAVLODAR REGION FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM

Prior to the integration of sustainable development principles into the tourism industry of Pavlodar region, it is essential to assess the current situation and the readiness of the sector participants to implement them. This requires exploring international standards of sustainable tourism and adapting them for evaluation by managers, entrepreneurs, local communities and tourists. For this purpose, questionnaires were developed based on the sustainability criteria approved by the Global Sustainable Tourism Council (GSTC), including the assessment of sustainable management, social and environmental sustainability. The questionnaire results informed SWOT analysis that identified lack of awareness and motivation among industry participants to implement sustainable tourism due to additional costs, climate constraints and lack of government support. The environmentalism of the destinations and the government’s investment policy were identified among the strengths.

QbD green analytical procedure for the quantification of tolvaptan by utilizing stability indicating UHPLC method

For the first time a new QbD-assisted green stability indicating ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) method was developed and validated for quantifying Tolvaptan. The method is simple, quick, cost-effective, and stable, and it was used to formulate a quality target product profile (QTPP) with strategically defined critical analytical attributes (CAAs) to meet specific criteria. Chromatographic separation was undertaken using a 10 cm long column of ACE excel super C18 with an interior diameter of 2.1 mm and particle size of 1.7 µm. The analysis was performed under controlled conditions at 25 ℃ with the mobile phase flowing at a rate of 0.2 mL/min and detection occurring at 220 nm. Injected 3 µL of standard by using an isocratic mobile phase system consisting of acetonitrile and water in a 95:5 v/v ratio. The diluents, prepared by mixing acetonitrile with water at a 90:10 volumetric ratio, were utilized. The analyte’s retention time was determined to be 1.63 min. The developed method provided reliable results with accuracy exceeding 99% and a correlation coefficient exceeding 0.999 ranged between 10 and 150 µg/mL across the range for LOQ—150% levels. Notably, during forced degradation testing, Tolvaptan exhibited susceptibility to acidic hydrolysis. The method effectively separated degradation products during stress testing, demonstrating its stability-indicating status. Environmental sustainability assessment of the developed method was conducted through the investigation of various indicators of Complex GAPI, Analytical Eco scale and Analytical GREEness and it was concluded the optimized method aligns with environmentally friendly practices.

Machine learning algorithm functional on environmental sustainability assessment in turbomachinery sector: Application on centrifugal compressors

The current government directives have focused industries' attention on environmental sustainability issues in products and processes. There is indeed a growing demand from customers to conduct environmental impact assessments of the products they purchase. This work presents the implementation of a predictive model developed in an industrial context to evaluate the environmental sustainability of a centrifugal compressor rotor assembly. The development of the predictive model arises from the objective of overcoming the limitations of the traditional Life Cycle Assessment approach, which is based on a retrospective evaluation of the product life cycle. The functionality of predictive models is to estimate product environmental sustainability to meet customer demands and guide them toward choices that aim for carbon neutrality. The implementation of the model has been conducted in parallel with a tailored measurement campaign of the primary inventory flows involved in various manufacturing operations. The article details the methodological approach that led to the development of the predictive models and their respective functionality in supporting the design engineer in evaluating the eco-profile of the assembly. In addition to the methodological aspect, the work also includes a case study through which the functionality of the models can be illustrated.

Pyrolytic urban mining of waste printed circuit boards: an enviro-economic analysis.

E-waste, a global environmental concern resulting from supply chain inefficiency, also offers the opportunity to recover valuable materials, including general and rare earth metals. Waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) are integral components of e-waste that contains substantial amounts of precious metals, making them a valuable waste category. Pyrolysis has emerged as a promising method for material recovery from WPCBs. Hence, pyrolytic urban mining of WPCBs offers an excellent avenue for resource recovery, redirecting valuable materials back into the supply chain. Under the current study, experimental investigation has been conducted to explore the recovery of materials from WPCBs through pyrolysis followed by process simulation, economic analysis, and life cycle assessment (LCA). An Aspen Plus simulation was conducted to model the pyrolysis of WPCBs and subsequent product recovery using a non-equilibrium kinetic model, which represents a unique approach in this study. Another distinct aspect is the comprehensive assessment of environmental and economic sustainability. The economic analysis has been carried out using Aspen economic analyzer whereas the LCA of WPCB pyrolysis has been conducted using the SimaPro software. The experimental investigation reveals yield of solid residues are about 75-84 wt.%, liquid yields of 6-13 wt.%, and gas yields of 4-21 wt.%, which is in well agreement with the Aspen Plus simulation results. The economic analysis for an e-waste pyrolysis plant with an annual feed rate of 2000 t reveals that the total capital cost of a pyrolysis plant is nearly $51.3 million, whereas the total equipment cost is nearly $2.7 million and the total operating cost is nearly $25.6 million. The desired rate of return is 20% per year and the payback period is 6years with a profitability index of 1.25. From the LCA, the major impact categories are global warming, fossil resource scarcity, ozone formation in human health, ozone formation in terrestrial ecosystems, fine particulate matter formation, and water consumption. The findings of this study can serve as a guideline for e-waste recyclers, researchers, and decision-makers in establishing circular economy.