Environmental Sanitation System Research Articles

Perkembangan Sistem Sanitasi pada Rumah Tradisional Bugis di Sulawesi Selatan

The architecture of the Bugis residence is one of the cultural elements that grows and develops in South Sulawesi Province. The Bugis community that builds houses on stilts influences the condition of the surrounding environment. This article describes the development of sanitation systems with an increase in community environmental knowledge. This study is qualitative in nature with data collection methods through observation of traditional houses in Sidenreng Rappang Regency. The focus of this study is the clean water and dirty water management system. The results of this study found that the environmental sanitation system in traditional Bugis homes develops according to the needs and knowledge of the community and contributes to creating environmental quality.

Evaluation of Employee Performance in the Satker for the Development of a Settlement Environmental Sanitation System

The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of employee evaluation in the Gorontalo Settlement Environmental Sanitation System Development Working Unit. This study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The results showed that in evaluating the performance of employees at the Gorontalo Settlement Environmental Health Development Work Unit, these five dimensions were included. From the results of the study, it was concluded that the evaluation of employee performance at the Gorontalo Settlement Environmental Health Development Work Unit had not gone well. However, from the five indicators according to Robbins (2016: 260), work quality is important, but according to Robbins (2016: 260) it is still in the poor category due to the lack of awareness of employees or officials in terms of maximizing the quality of performance, this is one of the mistakes. one obstacle in the realization of each program.

The analysis of BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand) and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) contents in the water of around laying chicken farm

Business activities of laying chicken farm in Sidrap regency have been carried out for decades. This business is a hereditary business carried out by the local community. The number of chicken populations is also increasing as the demand for animal protein increases. This activity can lead to a decrease in water quality, thereby affecting the environmental sanitation system. Clean water is needed in meeting human needs to carry out all their activities. Based on this, an environmental test was carried out by analyzing the BOD and COD contents of water around laying chicken farms. This research aims to (1) determine the BOD and COD contents of water around the laying chicken farm, (2) comparing the BOD and COD contents of water around the laying chicken farm with the threshold value set by the government. This research was conducted in October - December 2018 in Sidenreng Rappang regency, South Sulawesi Indonesia. The method used in the water BOD content test is the Winkler method, while for water COD is the spectrophotometric method. The results show that the BOD contents of water around the laying chicken farm was 7.99 mg/L on average, and the water COD content was 18.47 mg/L. This research concluded that the BOD and COD contents of water around the laying chicken farm exceeds the threshold set by the government. The threshold for water BOD content is 2 mg/L while for water COD is 10 mg/L.

Performance evaluation of a decentralized wastewater treatment system in India.

A Decentralized Wastewater Treatment System (DEWATS) provides an economically feasible and efficient wastewater treatment solution especially in developing countries. It has an enormous potential for developing a sustainable environmental sanitation system. In this study, the treatment efficiency of eight DEWATS plants was evaluated in the state of Maharashtra, India, for their performance in terms of selected physico-chemical parameters of the wastewater. Although the efficiency of some of the plants was lower than that reported in literature, the effluent quality of all the plants was within the permissible discharge limits of the Central Pollution Control Board for all the parameters. Comprehensive assessment of Plant I was carried in terms of its technical and socio-economic aspects. Moreover, LCA tool has been utilized to evaluate the environmental impacts of the operation stage of DEWATS. The midpoint, CML 2001 (April 2015) methodology was adopted, in which 11 impact categories were considered. From the life cycle impact assessment and interpretation, the main impacts are identified as releases of COD, P-PO43-, and N-NH4+ to water bodies and disposal of sludge. Due to negligible energy consumption, the operation stage was found to be less damaging to the environment. It was concluded that DEWATS can be a good alternative for treating wastewater with negligible energy and chemical consumption.

ANALISA HASIL PEMBANGUNAN MCK PLUS BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DI PROVINSI ACEH

Implementation of development of community-based sanitation infrastructure management is a new thing for the people of Aceh, especially the community in the location of community sanitation facilities will be built. Currently more than 90 percent of Acehnese people use individual waste water systems or toilets that have not been properly managed and have not equipped septic tanks so that the sludge is discharged directly into the water body. This condition leads to the spread of disease (epidemic). Septic tanks are rarely aspirated so that it becomes a successor of wastewater that then seep in the soil and contaminate it. This is the reason for the entry of Community sanitation program into a solution in the provision of infrastructure and waste water facilities using Lavatory Plus. The Community sanitation program aims to improve the quality of the environment by increasing access to community-based sanitation facilities. This study aims to identify the results of community-based Lavatory Plus development in terms of management, institutional and financing. Knowing the level of satisfaction and public interest towards community-based Lavatory Plus development. This research will be conducted in 4 (four) regencies / cities with the lowest coverage of sanitation in Aceh Province, Kab. Pidie Jaya, Kab. Aceh Tamiang, Kab. Aceh Barat Daya and Kota Subulussalam by using quantitative methods supported by qualitative analysis. Qualitative analysis wa s conducted to look at management, institutional and financing aspects. Data collection were taken through observation and interview on the Work Unit of Environmental Sanitation System Development of Aceh Province and District Public Works Office. Data analysis was done by using SWOT analysis and its analysis tool USG (Urgency, Seriousness, and Growth) and performed data processing through Biplot Method with Mini Tab software. SWOT analysis results show the success rate of Community sanitation program management is in quadrant I. The results of analysis of the level of satisfaction and public interest by using Biplot Method assisted software Mini Tab. The level of community satisfaction is 3.63 and the level of public interest is 4.4 ie the average community feels important to the management of the Community sanitation program.

An approach to optimise nutrient management in environmental sanitation systems despite limited data

The material flow analysis method can be used to assess the impact of environmental sanitation systems on resource consumption and environmental pollution. However, given the limited access to reliable data, application of this data-intensive method in developing countries may be difficult. This paper presents an approach allowing to develop material flow models despite limited data availability. Application of an iterative procedure is of key importance: model parameter values should first be assessed on the basis of a literature review and by eliciting expert judgement. If model outputs are not plausible, sensitive input parameters should be reassessed more accurately. Moreover, model parameters can be expressed as probability distributions and variable uncertainty estimated by using Monte Carlo simulation. The impact of environmental sanitation systems on the phosphorus load discharged into surface water in Hanoi, Vietnam, is simulated by applying the proposed approach.

Optimising water and phosphorus management in the urban environmental sanitation system of Hanoi, Vietnam

Many areas in the world face clean water scarcity problems and phosphorus reserves are likely to be depleted in the near future. Still, a large amount of clean water is used to transport excreta through sewer systems. Most of the wastewater generated worldwide is discharged untreated into aquatic systems and leads to water pollution and loss of valuable nutrients. In Hanoi, Vietnam's capital city, high population and economic growth as well as industrialisation have led to a decrease in groundwater level and to serious river and lake pollution. A probabilistic model, simulating the impact of measures on groundwater abstraction and nutrient recovery, was used to determine the impact of policy changes in Hanoi. The results obtained reveal that harmonising environmental sanitation and agricultural systems with one another will considerably increase nutrient recovery for food production, lower expenditure for artificial fertilisers and reduce the nutrient load into the environment. The model can be applied in urban areas of developing countries to assist in the design of environmental sanitation concepts.

From conventional to advanced environmental sanitation

The basic concept of collecting domestic liquid waste in water-borne sewer systems goes back more than 100 years and became in the last century the conventional approach to sanitation in urban areas. Over the years, these sewage disposal systems had to be successively upgraded by additional sewage treatment plants increasing investment, operating and maintenance costs. Although these conventional sanitation systems could improve significantly the public health situation in those countries who could afford to install and operate them, it is highly questionable, if they are economically and ecologically sustainable. The large number of people in the developing world who still do not have access to adequate sanitation is a clear indication that the conventional approach to sanitation is not adapted to the socio-economic condition prevailing in most countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America. Advanced environmental sanitation is aiming not only to protect public health and the integrity of aquatic ecosystems but also to conserve precious freshwater and non-renewable resources. The Bellagio Principles and the Household Centred Environmental Sanitation Approach (HCES) are suggested as guiding principles and a new approach for planing and designing advanced (sustainable) environmental sanitation systems.