Environmental Sanitation Conditions Research Articles

The Concept of Sustainable Eco-Urban Settlement in Yogyakarta Peri-urban Area Regarding to Public Health Prevalence Reduction Efforts

Settlement quality has always been a concern in development issues in Indonesia. Humans as residents who live in a settlement act as subjects and objects in development so the role of humans in the quality of settlements is also closely related. Settlement quality is one of the goals of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), more precisely, the 11th goal which aims to make cities and settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable. The general problem related to the quality of settlements is that most areas still have inadequate quality settlements and the density of existing settlements exceeds the carrying capacity and carrying capacity of the environment. This can affect the decline in environmental quality in these settlements. Diseases that occur due to environmental conditions can occur due to interactions between humans, human behavior, and the environment in which they live that have the potential to transmit disease. Poor residential environmental conditions will increase the risk of environmental-based disease transmission. One of the common environmental-based diseases that occurs in settlements is leptospirosis which is usually caused by poor environmental sanitation conditions and the presence of rats. Poor environmental conditions will indirectly affect the health conditions of residents, such as mothers and children in the house. Poor maternal and child health creates opportunities for stunting to occur. Stunting is a nutritional status outcome that occurs when a child has a height of less than −2.0 standard deviation (SD) compared to the population average.

Hubungan Kondisi Jamban dan Perilaku Sanitasi Lingkungan terhadap Kejadian Diare di Wilayah Belawan Sicanang

Diarrhea is a disease closely related to environmental sanitation conditions, such as inadequate toilets and waste problems. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), about 2.2 million people die from diarrhea, directly related to environmental conditions (sanitation/hygiene) and inadequate water (Moernanto, 2009). The health profile data of the district in North Sumatra in 2018 shows that there were 11,151 cases of diarrhea in all age groups, with service coverage reaching 10,280 cases (92.19%). This research method uses a descriptive quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach, conducted in the Belawan Sicanang area. The research sample size was 69 respondents using non-probability sampling, specifically accidental sampling technique. The results of the SPSS analysis based on the chi-square test with α=5% show that there is a relationship between the location of toilet presence, use of clean water, and behavior of waste disposal to the Final Disposal Site (TPA) with the occurrence of diarrhea in the Belawan Sicanang area, with respective P-values of 0.03, 0.015, and 0.02 (p<0.05).

Factors Affecting the Incidence of Scabies in Darul Abror Modern Islamic Boarding School, Kace Village

World Health Organization (WHO) data shows that the prevalence of scabies in 2014 was 130 million people in the world. Scabies or scabies is a skin disease caused by infestation and sensitization. Scabiei hominis variety. The method used is analytical observational with a case control design. The research was conducted on students at the Al Abror Islamic Boarding School, Kace Village, Bangka Regency.The results of the research showed that the highest age of students was 13 years old, 31 people (51%), the highest education was junior high school, 58 people (96.7%), the length of stay at the boarding school for > 1 year was 59 people (98.3%). Respondents who had good knowledge were 55 people (91.7%), 27 people had an agreeable attitude (45%), 51 people had good personal hygiene behavior (85%), 43 people had good sanitation observations (71.7%). Conclusion: researchers, knowledge, attitudes, personal hygiene behavior and environmental sanitation conditions in Islamic boarding schools both have a big influence on the spread of scabies. Students' knowledge about scabies greatly influences the incidence of scabies because knowledge is a very important source that influences students' thinking patterns and decision-making processes, students' lack of knowledge has a big influence on the spread of scabies skin disease.

DETERMINANT FACTORS RELATED TO THE INCIDENT OF STUNTING IN CHILDREN AGED 24-59 MONTHS IN ALAI SELATAN VILLAGE WORKING AREA OF ALAI PUSKESMAS UPT MERANTI ISLAND DISTRICT

Stunting is a condition of hindered child growth, which can be attributed to various factors, including a history of low birth weight (LBW), exclusive breastfeeding practices, and the cleanliness of the environment. The primary objective of this research is to pinpoint the factors associated with stunting among children aged 24-59 months in South Alai Village, which falls under the jurisdiction of UPT Puskesmas Alai in Kepulauan Meranti Regency. The data collection period for this study spanned from May 29 to June 20, 2023, and it involved the use of questionnaires and stadiometer measurements. The research design is analytical, utilizing a cross-sectional approach, with data analysis encompassing both univariate and bivariate analyses, including the Chi-Square test.The univariate analysis revealed the following statistics: out of the total sample, 53 toddlers (73%) did not exhibit signs of stunting, 69 toddlers (95%) were never born with LBW, 71 toddlers (97%) received exclusive breastfeeding, and 68 toddlers (93%) resided in environments characterized by satisfactory sanitation conditions. The results of the Chi-Square test, however, indicated that there is no significant relationship between a history of LBW, exclusive breastfeeding practices, environmental sanitation conditions, and the occurrence of stunting (p-value = 1.000).In summary, the majority of children aged 24-59 months in South Alai Village have not experienced LBW, received exclusive breastfeeding, and lived in environments with adequate sanitation. Consequently, there is no noteworthy association between a history of LBW, exclusive breastfeeding practices, environmental sanitation conditions, and the incidence of stunting in these children. The findings from this study are anticipated to enhance mothers' awareness regarding the significance of exclusive breastfeeding practices, appropriate nutrition for children beyond six months of age, and the importance of maintaining a clean environment to prevent the risk of stunting, particularly among toddlers. Mothers of toddlers are encouraged to improve their understanding of stunting, pay attention to their child's nutritional status, and regularly take their toddler to the local integrated health post (Posyandu) for growth and developmental monitoring.

Hubungan Sumber Air Bersih, Kepadatan Hunian, dan Daerah Tempat Tinggal dengan Kejadian Diare pada Balita di Indonesia

Diarrhea is an endemic disease in Indonesia, and is often associated with high mortality rates, especially among infants and children. Diarrhea is the second leading cause of death among toddlers worldwide and directly contributes to malnutrition in toddlers. According to the Indonesian Health Profile in 2021, the mortality rate of toddlers due to diarrhea in Indonesia was recorded 10.3%. Poor sanitation is one of the determinants of diarrhea incidence in toddlers. Access to clean water supply and accupancy density are important aspects of household sanitation, while the geographical location, whether rural or urban, can also influence the environmental sanitation conditions. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between clean water supply, occupancy density, and geographical location with the incidence of diarrhea among toddlers in Indonesia. This study used secondary data from the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) in 2017. Data were analyzed using the Pearson Chi-square statistical test with a significance level of α = 0.05. The results showed a significant relationship between clean water supply (p=0.014) and geographical location (p=0.001) with the incidence of diarrhea among toddlers. However, there was no significant relationship between occupancy density and the incidence of diarrhea among toddlers (p=0.199). In conclusion, inadequate sources of clean water and living in rural areas contribute to the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers. The government is strongly recommended to improve the quality of clean water sources and increase public knowledge regarding drinking water treatment to prevent diarrhea in toddlers, especially in rural areas.

Overview of Environment Sanitation Conditions of Elementary Schools in Surakarta City During the Covid-19 Transition Period

<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p><em>The mandatory requirements that schools must fulfill are strict implementation of health protocols, for example having adequate hand washing facilities equipped with running water and soap. However, data shows that there are still many elementary schools in Indonesia that do not have sanitation facilities that meet standards. This research aims to provide an overview of the environmental sanitation conditions of elementary schools in Surakarta City during the Covid 19 transition period. This research uses a descriptive observational method. The research was conducted in 10 elementary schools in the Surakarta City area. The research was conducted from February to March 2023. The sampling technique was random sampling. The sample in this study was 10 elementary schools. The data collection technique is by observation by filling in an observation sheet. The data analysis used is descriptive univariate analysis. The research results show that 80% of elementary schools provide hand washing facilities and soap and are equipped with a good drainage system. The cleanliness and condition of water closets in most schools meets the requirements. However, there are several elementary schools where the ratio of the number of toilets and students does not meet the requirements. There are 80% of schools where clean water sources are located and 70% of schools where the distance between water reservoirs and water closets to the canteen meets the requirements. 70% of schools have a distance between the bathroom or cafeteria and the school canteen < 10 meters. It was concluded that 10 elementary schools in the city of Surakarta were categorized as healthy schools or had good sanitation hygiene. However, there are several sanitation facilities whose existence needs to be optimized so that the level of health can increase. It is recommended for schools to ensure that school areas, including classrooms, toilets and school grounds, are cleaned regularly to prevent the accumulation of rubbish and dirt and it is recommended to provide regular education to students about the cleanliness of the school environment and provide adequate hand washing facilities.</em></p><p><em> </em></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><strong><em>Keywords: COVID-19, environmental health inspection, elementary school, hygiene sanitation, transition period</em></strong>

Analysis of Availability and Condition of Basic Sanitation Facilities in Hato-Luli Hamlet

Sanitation is an effort to monitor several factors of the physical environment so as to prevent the emergence of diseases that affect humans, especially on things that have detrimental effects on physical development, health and human survival. Some environmental health requirements that every family must have to meet their daily needs are known as basic sanitation which includes the provision of clean water, family latrine facilities, garbage disposal facilities, and wastewater disposal facilities. Therefore, the availability and condition of these facilities need to be considered. Analysis of the availability and condition of basic sanitation facilities in Hato-Luli Hamlet, Maubisse Kota Village, Maubisse District, Ainaro Regency, Timor-Leste. The results showed that the source of drinking water contained in Hato-Luli Hamlet consisted of 72.2% piped water, 20.8% well water, and 6.9% from other sources of river / gutter water. The condition of the latrine, which uses 66.67% water, does not use 29.17% water and other types 4.17%. Judging from the cleanliness condition of clean latrines 33.3%, less clean 63.9%, dirty 2.8%. Which has a trash can 56%, owns and does not use 41%, does not own 67.4%. The data shows that the percentage of not having landfills is still high at 67.4%. Environmental sanitation conditions in Hato-Luli Hamlet, Maubisse Kota Village, Maubisse District, Ainaro Regency are said to be not good, judging from the indicators of latrine conditions, wastewater sewerage conditions, garbage dump conditions, and healthy house conditions have not met health requirements because there are still people who do not know the importance of maintaining environmental sanitation.

DETERMINAN KEJADIAN DIARE DI DESA SAMURA KECAMATAN KABANJAHE KABUPATEN KARO

Diarrhea is a disease in which the frequency of bowel movements is more frequent than usual or more than 3 times a day, accompanied by a change in the structure of the stool, which becomes softer and even more liquid. The cause of diarrhea is one of the environmental-based diseases which is still a public health problem where one of the causes of diarrhea is poor environmental sanitation conditions. This study aims to determine the determinants of the incidence of diarrhea in Samura Village, Kabanjahe District, Karo Regency in 2022. This type of research is analytic observation with a cross sectional approach. The population in this study were all heads of families who lived in Samura Village, Kabanjahe District, Karo Regency, totaling 3,398 families, with a sample size of 97 samples. The sampling technique was carried out by means of Simple Random Sampling. Data analysis used the Chi Square test. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that there are two variables related to the incidence of diarrhea, namely: personal hygiene with a p-value = 0.014 (p <0.05) and landfills with a p-value = 0.016 (p <0.05) and there are two variables that are not related to the incidence of diarrhea, namely: sources of clean water with a p-value = 346 (p> 0.05) and sewerage with a p-value = 0.472 (p> 0.05).
 Suggestions for the community to always maintain a clean environment and always apply PHBS, especially in maintaining personal hygiene so that it is far from various diseases

Assessment of food hygiene and safety knowledge, attitude, and practices of fruit and vegetable vendors in the Ho central market, Ghana

Local markets are primarily the center for trade and distribution of fruits and vegetables in Ghana. Fruit and vegetable vendors are responsible for keeping food hygienic and safe from contamination. However, little is known about fruit and vegetable vendors' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward food hygiene and safety in local markets. This study aimed to assess the KAP of fruit and vegetable vendors in Ho City. Data on KAP was collected from 113 fruit and vegetable vendors in the Ho Central Market using a structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using a two-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to examine the association of demographic variables with knowledge, attitude, and practice of food hygiene and safety. A correlation analysis was conducted to determine the intercorrelation among the KAP variables. The results suggest significant differences for vendors with medical examination certificates on knowledge (Wilks = 0.60, F = 2.82, p˂0.00), attitude (Wilks = 0.71, F = 2.10, p˂0.01), and practice (Wilks = 0.59, F = 1.79, p˂0.01). A significant correlation was found between the three domains, but the influence of knowledge and attitude on practice was weak. Fruit and vegetable vendors' knowledge and attitudes toward food hygiene and safety were supportive and favorable. However, some practices were not supportive and encouraging toward food hygiene and safety. The lack of basic amenities in the market influenced the practice of vendors. Improved environmental sanitation conditions at local markets are vital to the practice of food hygiene and safety to prevent foodborne diseases.

The relationship between environmental sanitation and nutritional status with soil-transmitted helminths infection in elementary school children

Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STH) infection is still a significant public health problem worldwide, including in Indonesia. This infection is caused by worms whose life cycle requires a soil medium in the maturation of eggs or larvae into an infective form and mainly occurs in children of primary school age. Poor environmental sanitation and malnutrition are the leading causes of STH infection. This study aims to determine the relationship between ecological sanitation, nutritional status, and STH infection incidence in elementary school children. This type of research is descriptive research. The research location is SDN 22 Telaga Biru, Telaga Biru District, Gorontalo Regency. The sample was 32 SDN 22 Telaga Biru students, obtained using the total sampling technique. Data was collected using questionnaire instruments, Body Mass Index (BMI) examinations, and fecal examinations at the UPTD Regional Health Laboratory Center of Gorontalo Province. The data were further analyzed univariately. The results showed that most environmental sanitation conditions did not qualify, such as latrine conditions (68.8%), SPAL conditions (75.0%), trash can conditions (87.5%), and clean water facilities (68.8%). Nutritional status (BMI/U) was most in the normal category (65.6%), and no helminth eggs were found in respondents (negative STH), so a relationship analysis could not be carried out. It is suggested that the school and parents support government programs related to providing mass worm-prevention drugs.

Public Perception of The Implementation of an Eco Fishig Port Priciple at The Fish Auction Place of Karangantu, Serang City

Eco port is a predicate of a port that has implemented systematic efforts or steps to build and maintain an environmentally friendly port area. Poor sanitation and hygiene conditions such as large amounts of waste from fishing port activities can cause environmental pollution and affect public health. This research aims to determine public perception towards the management of the Fish Landing Place (TPI) of Karangantu in accordance with the principle of eco fishing port. Primary data was obtained through observations in July-August 2022 on ship unloading activities until the transaction process at Karangantu TPI. Interviews with Karangantu Archipelagic Fishing Port (PPN) employees, TPI managers and TPI service users were conducted to find out each stakeholder's perception of environmental sanitation conditions and hygiene of fish catches. Secondary data were obtained from various publications available in Karangantu PPN. Data were analyzed descriptively qualitatively (tables and graphs) and quantitatively (Likert scale). The results showed that the management of Karangantu TPI is in accordance with the eco port principle. However, the public considers that the parameters of liquid waste handling and the quality of fish catches landed at TPI Karangantu must be improved.

Connecting Factors for the Application of Community-Based Total Sanitation in the Work Area of the Blang Bintang Health Center, Aceh Besar

Open defecation behavior occurs due to hereditary habits and habits since childhood. At this time, the government launched a program that is to stop open defecation with the Community-Based Total Sanitation Program. This program is an entry point towards total sanitation and is an effort to break the chain of pollution from human excrement to drinking, eating and other standard water. Community-based total sanitation is expected to be able to change people's habitual attitudes in an effort to improve environmental sanitation conditions. This study aims to determine the factors related to the implementation the program in the work area of the Blang Bintang Health Center, Aceh Besar, Aceh Province. This research is descriptive analytic in nature, carried out using a cross-sectional design method with a quantitative approach. The population in this study is the community in the working area of the Blang Bintang Health Center with a population of 1,990 people. The populations of samples were 97 respondents and data analysis used the Chi-Square Test. The results of the study gave respondents the first pillar of good Community-Based Total Sanitation implementation of 63.9%, respondents with less knowledge of 58.8%. In general, respondents with high school education were 69.1%, respondents' behavior towards the program was known 67% to have a positive attitude, 58.8% respondents stated that the role of health workers played a role, 69.1 the role of community leaders was more dominated respondents stated that they lacked participation of 64.9% that respondents had facilities

Hubungan Kondisi Jamban dan Perilaku Sanitasi Lingkungan terhadap Kejadian Diare di Wilayah Belawan Sicanang


 
 One of the environment-based diseases is diarrhea. This disease is closely related to environmental sanitation conditions such as inadequate latrines and garbage. The World Health Organization (WHO) states that there are at least 2.2 million people who die from diarrhea, this is related to environmental conditions (sanitation/hygiene) and inadequate water (Moernanto, 2009). Judging from the district's health profile in 2018 it stated that in North Sumatra there were cases of diarrhea at all ages, namely 11,151 cases with service coverage reaching 10,280 cases (92.19%). Method: The design used in this study is descriptive quantitative with a cross sectional approach, and the research location is the Belawan Sicanang area. The number of research samples is 69 respondents using a non-probably sampling technique, namely the accidental sampling technique. Results: Based on the results of the SPSS analysis research based on the chi-square test with α=5%, it can be stated that there is a relationship between the location of the existence of latrines, the use of clean water, and the behavior of disposing of garbage to the TPA with the incidence of diarrhea in Belawan Sicanang with the acquisition of a Pvalue of each 0.03, 0.015, and 0.02 (p<0.05).
 Keyword: Diarrhea, healthy latrines, environmental sanitation

The Relationship between Environmental Sanitation Conditions and the Presence of Aedes Aegypti Larvae in the Work Area of ​​the Sako Palembang Health Center

Environmental sanitation is an effort to control environmental factors which are links in the chain of disease transmission. The purpose of this study was to determine the density of Aedes Aegypti mosquito larvae, to describe environmental sanitation including trash cans, clean water reservoirs, and the frequency of draining bathtubs. This research method uses a descriptive analytical and cross sectional design and uses a sample of 73 respondents. This research was conducted in the working area of ​​the Sako Palembang Health Center on April 28-May 12 2022. The results of this study concluded that based on statistical tests with the chi-square test, the p value was obtained (0.000 > 0.05) so there was a relationship between trash cans and the presence of larvae. Aedes aegypti. P value (0.014 > 0.05) means there is a relationship between clean water reservoirs and the presence of Aedes Aegypti larvae. P value (0.000 > 0.05) means there is a relationship between draining the bath and the presence of Aedes Aegypti larvae. It is recommended that the community pay more attention to cleaning water reservoirs, improve disposal systems and waste management, and pay attention to the condition of the home environment so that it is always neat and clean.

HUBUNGAN PERILAKU HIDUP BERSIH DAN SEHAT (PHBS) DENGAN KEJADIAN DIARE PADA ANAK USIA BALITA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PUTRI AYU KOTA JAMBI

Diarrhea disease often affects infants and toddlers one of the most commonly studied risk factors are environmental factors that include clean water (SAB), environmental sanitation, jamban, and home conditions. This research aims to know the relationship of the behavior of clean and healthy life (PHBS) with the incidence of diarrhea in children of toddlers in the working area of Putri Ayu City Jambi in 2020. This research is a quantitative study with a cross centional approach. The population in this research is all mothers who have children in the workplace of the health center of Putri Ayu Jambi with a population of 655 people. The samples in this study were as many as 40 people with simple random sampling techniques. Univariate and bivariate data analysis. The results showed that from 40 respondents, as many as 24 respondents (60%) Diarrhea, giving the ASI exclusively as many as 23 respondents (57.5%), use of clean water is not eligible as much as 24 respondents (60%), do not wash with soap with 21 respondents (52.5%) and qualified for 22 respondents (55%). There is an exclusive breast-feeding relationship (P = 0,002) and soap-wearing handwash (P = 0,002) with the incidence of diarrhea with P value of < 0.05. There is no net use of water (P = 0,056) and the use of healthy latrines (P = 0,080) with the incidence of diarrhea with P value > 0.05.

Relationship of Water Temperature and Air Humidity with Aedes Sp. Manggarai Tebet Village South Jakarta in 2022

Environmental-based diseases are still a health problem for the people of Indonesia. One of the diseases caused by environmental sanitation conditions that do not meet health requirements is dengue hemorrhagic fever. Several environmental factors such as temperature, air, and the intensity of lighting that enter the house are thought to strengthen the occurrence of dengue fever. The presence of mosquito larvae is an indicator that will greatly affect the presence of mosquito populations in a place. This study aims to determine the relationship between water temperature and air humidity with the presence of Aedes sp . in RW. 03 Kelurahan Manggarai, Kecamatan Tebet, South Jakarta in 2022. This research is a descriptive analytic study with a cross sectional study design . The research location in RW 03 is located in Manggarai Village. The total population in this study amounted to 298 houses, while the sample in this study amounted to 75 houses. The sampling technique that the writer uses is cluster random sampling . The results of the study were statistically tested with the chi-square test at a 95% confidence level. The result is that there are 8 houses that found larvae (10.70%) and larvae were found in 19 containers (10.74%). The type of landfill that found the most larvae was buckets totaling 16 (9.04%). With the larva-free rate (ABJ) in RW 03 Manggarai Village, Tebet District, South Jakarta of 89.33%, House Index (HI) of 10.67%, Container Index (CI) of 9.73%, and Breteau Index (BI) by 24. Most of the houses found Aedes sp . In containers with non-optimal temperature (>27 o C) as many as 64 houses (85.30%) and optimal humidity (70-80%) for the growth of Aedes sp . A total of 67 houses (10.70%). Statistical analysis showed that there was a relationship between water temperature and the presence of Aedes sp. ( p-value = 0.000) and there is no relationship between air humidity and the presence of Aedes sp larvae . ( p-value = 0.301). To reduce the presence of Aedes sp . It is suggested that every family member must work together to prevent Aedes sp. where people can live a clean and healthy life, by regulating the air circulation in the house and eliminating the Aedes aegypti mosquito breading place .

Epidemiological Study for Entamoeba Histolytica Infection and their Risk Factors among Children in Pediatric Hospital in, Sulaimani Province-Iraq

Background: The protozoa parasite Entamoeba histolytica is an essential cause of human morbidity and mortality around the world other than malaria and schistosomiasis. Prevalence of E. histolytica in Sulaimani province, KRG, Iraq has been scantily studied as well as detecting and controlling the risk factors related to the parasite is crucial in Sulaimani city. Aims: A cross-sectional study was pointed to supply the primary information on the prevalence and epidemiological risk factors including age, residency, economic status, drinking water source, hand washing and consuming raw vegetable related to E. histolytica infection among children between 1 to 10 years old in Sulaimani city, Iraq. Materials and methods: A total of 450 stool samples randomly were collected (during period from September 2021 to February 2022) from children in Sulaimani pediatric hospital in Sulaimani city, KRG, Iraq, and examined by direct smear microscopy in normal saline and iodine smears which is followed by Sulaimani medical laboratories for detection and diagnosis of E. histolytica infection. Results: The Prevalence of E. histolytica infection in Sulaimani province was (19.3%), and significant association was recorded between the infection and economic status of the child family ( p value = 0.005), family who consuming raw vegetable (p value= 0.006) and children’s parent education level ( p value = 0.05). Conclusions: Prevalence of E. histolytica among children is low and this parasite may play a minor role in causing morbidity in these populations in Sulaimani city, Iraq. Besides, more studies are necessary to provide information on epidemiological risk factors of E. histolytica to improve health education and environmental sanitary conditions to protect children from the pathogen E. histolytica in Sulaimani city.

Faktor Sanitasi Rumah serta Hubungannya dengan Kejadian Stunting di Kabupaten Banyumas

Stunting is a growth disorder that occurs due to chronic malnutrition or infectious diseases. The effects include slow child growth, low endurance, lack of intelligence and low productivity. Data analysis was performed to see the relationship between variables and risk magnitude (OR) using the Chi-square test or Fisher Exact if the requirements for the Chi-square test were not met with a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05). Stunting can cause a decline in public health conditions. Stunting problems can be done by cross-sectoral handling. Other issues such as children with LBW have a significant relationship with stunting. Health promotion can be done to deal with stunting. Stunting risk factors can occur due to environmental sanitation conditions in the home community. Home environmental sanitation that can cause stunting, among others, occurs due to the condition of the house floor, ceiling, latrines and the provision of clean water. There is a need for a government program to improve house sanitation conditions to prevent and eliminate stunting.

Determinants of households’ participation in environmental sanitation in Liberia

In many developing nations of the world, unsuitable environmental sanitation conditions have contributed to public health menace. In major cities in Liberia, poor waste management has become part of the regular environmental ecosystem. This study surveyed the sanitary condition of a sampled urban community in Monrovia, the capital of Liberia. It employed a cross sectional survey of Duport Road Community. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 383 households in the community. A well-structured questionnaire was used for collection of necessary household data. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regressions. The study observed that noxious practices such as open defecation and irregular participation in environmental sanitation were predominant in the sampled community. The study showed that household head age (28-37 years) had increasing and significant effect on frequency of clearing the surrounding bushes, but had decreasing and significant effect on frequency of cleaning the drainage. Having tertiary level of education had increasing and significant effects on cleaning of surrounding bushes and drainage. Also, smaller size households had increasing and significant effect on clearing the surrounding bushes, while larger size households had and significant effect on same.

Characteristic Of Environmental Sanitation in Family With Stunting Children Under Five Years Of Age

Attention to malnutrition has increased in recent decades, one of which is stunting. The nutritional problem that is currently being highlighted in the world is stunting where there are around 161 million children experiencing stunting. Stunting is a measure of short height compared to age. Factors causing stunting consist of direct and indirect causes, one of which is from the aspect of environmental sanitation, namely access to clean water, sanitation and hygiene. This study aims to provide an overview of the characteristics of environmental sanitation in families with stunting children under five years of age in the Klatak and Wonosobo Public Health Centers, Banyuwangi. This research is a descriptive study and a case series design. The research subjects used were 60 stunting toddlers with proportional random sampling as the sampling technique. The variables in this study were environmental sanitation, which consisted of access to clean water, ownership of clean water facilities, ownership of bathrooms, ownership of latrines, and ownership of cattle pens. The research instrument used a questionnaire to measure the characteristics of respondents and environmental sanitation conditions, interview guidelines, observation sheets, KIA books, and weighing month reports. The data was processed using descriptive analysis. The results depicted in this study are that most of the research subjects live in families that have access to clean water, have bathrooms and latrines, but also in families who have cattle pens close to the main house. Monitoring of ownership, use, and maintenance of access to clean water, latrines, bathrooms, and livestock cages in the home environment must be carried out properly so that it can become one of the strategies in preventing stunting under five. Prevention of contamination of water, soil, and air quality is one of the ways in preventing stunting in toddlers so that toddlers can develop optimally according to their age and growth period.