Environmental Pollution Research Research Articles

Assessment of luminescent copper nanomaterials as anti-germs, anti-proliferation efficiencies using green nano-strategy.

For the first time, we suggest using leaf extract from Ocimum americanum as the economically viable bio-fabrication of copper nanomaterials. The residuals of leaf extract bio-capping provide the stability of the nanomaterials in-situ. UV-Vis and XRD confirmed the formation, with the UV-Vis spectrum of Cu-NMs revealing a surface plasmon resonance characteristic peak at 350 nm. FT-IR analysis was employed to examine the functional groups. FE-SEM with EDX was used to assess the morphology and carry out an elemental analysis of the nanomaterials. Diffusion and MTT assays were used to study the antimicrobial and anticancer activities. The synthesized copper nanomaterials exhibited in-vitro cytotoxicity against human skin cancer (A431) cell lines. Green nanomaterial was examined against the methylene blue dye, photodegradation was reduced by up to 90.6% within 50 minutes. The copper nanomaterials synthesized in our study exhibit promising applications in biomedicine and environmental pollution research.

Bibliometric analysis of publications on the effect of animal production on climate change from past to present

Bibliometrics and scientific mapping methods using R software, the biblioshiny web program, Scopus and VOSviewer were used to analyze the works of literature referenced and analyzed by the Web of Science during 1990–2023 in order to provide a thorough overview of the effect of animal production on climate change research from 1990 to 2023. A bibliometric analysis of 6,558 publications that were published on the Web of Science database was done in order to determine which articles, authors, and journals were the most important. It also provided information on future study themes and gaps, as well as present topic trends. The most productive nations are China, the United States, and Australia; the most productive journals are Global Change Biology, The Science of the Total Environment, and Environmental Science and Pollution Research International. The analysis’s findings show that, over the course of the study period, there was a noticeable rise in the number of research publications discussing how animal production is impacted by climate change, along with a steady expansion of the study area. The level of cooperation and research projects in this field among nations has increased, which has improved the caliber of publications over time. Important publications, writers, and journals in the area of how animal production affects climate change were also tallied. The problem of animal production and climate change will become significantly more dependent on new data, techniques, and technology.

Improved determination of nitrate isotopes in irrigated agricultural areas and Bayesian mixing model quantification of nitrate sources and fate

Technological advancements in isotope techniques have been widely utilized in environmental pollution research, particularly for the monitoring of nitrate pollution in water. The utilization of pretreatment with an aqueous nitric acid solution offers numerous advantages in analyzing isotopic composition; however, there is still room for improvement regarding conversion efficiency, reduced reaction time, and cost control. In light of this, this study proposes an enhanced chemical conversion method that involves mitigating the interference caused by the nitrogen azide reaction during the pretreatment process, optimizing the purge gas to remove interfering factors, and improving the inlet device for measuring nitrous oxide. The improved method was applied to determine nitrate isotopes in the Ulansuhai Basin, Inner Mongolia and its reliability was verified through analytical results obtained from bacterial denitrification methods. The mean δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3- values determined using the chemical transformation method were 4.85‰ and 23.44‰, respectively. Compared with the previous method, the improved method enhanced the maneuverability of precise control, the pretreatment time was reduced from 2 to 3 hours to 1.5 hours, and the experimental cost was scaled down to half of the original one. In addition, the contribution of each source was calculated by combining nitrate isotopes with a Bayesian stable isotope mixing model. It was found that manure sewage accounted for (50.1±22.6) % while soil nitrogen sources contributed (25.1±20.4) % to nitrate levels in Ulansuhai Lake's water. The chemical conversion methods successfully improved within this study can also be applied to other watersheds or regions. These research findings provide a valuable theoretical foundation for managing nitrogen sources within watersheds.

Improving prediction of soil heavy metal(loid) concentration by developing a combined Co-kriging and geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model

The study of heavy metal(loid) (HM) contamination in soil using extensive data obtained from published literature is an economical and convenient method. However, the uneven distribution of these data in time and space limits their direct applicability. Therefore, based on the concentration data obtained from the published literature (2000–2020), we investigated the relationship between soil HM accumulation and various anthropogenic activities, developed a hybrid model to predict soil HM concentrations, and then evaluated their ecological risks. The results demonstrated that various anthropogenic activities were the main cause of soil HM accumulation using Geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model. The hybrid Co-kriging + GTWR model, which incorporates two of the most influential auxiliary variables, can improve the accuracy and reliability of predicting HM concentrations. The predicted concentrations of eight HMs all exceeded the background values for soil environment in China. The results of the ecological risk assessment revealed that five HMs accounted for more than 90% of the area at the "High risk" level (RQ ≥ 1), with the descending order of Ni (100%) = Cu (100%) > As (98.73%) > Zn (95.50%) > Pb (94.90%). This study provides a novel approach to environmental pollution research using the published data.

Improving research on environmental noise pollution and its impact on the population in the context of sustainable development

This paper aims to report on the improvement of the research carried out for official statistics on the exposure of the population to noise pollution in the context of sustainable development, considering new research paradigms emerging along with the expansion of the available data. This issue is vital, because the recipients’ expectations of the research concerning the environment and its impact on health, economics and social relations imply the need to develop useful research directions combining available resources of official statistics with new ready-to-use data obtained due to technological progress. The first part of the paper discusses the development of the research on noise pollution in the EU in the context of its impact on the population. Subsequently, changes in key population surveys, such as censuses, which enable their synergistic inclusion in environmental noise pollution research are analysed. The results of the pilot studies on the exposure of the population to noise in cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants, scheduled to be fully launched in 2024, are presented as a conclusion. This will also provide the basis for identifying prospects for the development of this research by official statistics services, incorporating new paradigms and sources of data into their scope of research.

Past Trends and Future Directions in Green Human Resource Management and Green Innovation: A Bibliometric Analysis

Global environmental concerns have prompted organizations to adopt green human resource management practices that will eventually lead to green innovations. Given that understanding, this study aims to converge multidimensional research published on green human resource management (GHRM) and green innovation. In addition, it seeks to discuss the topic’s research trends in the context of what, how, when, where, and by whom. The data were retrieved from the Scopus database (until March 2023), and VOSviewer was used to investigate the research trends. A total of 312 documents were extracted from the Scopus database, and 46 published articles were finalized using the PRISMA flow approach. The results indicate that there has been an upward trend in terms of published articles on the topic, and the highest number of articles (15) were published in the current year, 2023. The co-occurrence results indicate that GHRM is strongly associated with environmental performance and green innovation. The journals Environmental Science and Pollution Research and Sustainability (Switzerland) stand out in this domain. The Abu Dhabi University of United Arab Emirates is the most cited institution, whereas Saudi Arabia has the highest co-authorship at the country level. Furthermore, this study summarizes the major developments in this research domain and suggests research gaps and possible future directions.

Exploring the scientific research on coal fly ash and agriculture: knowledge mapping and future research directions.

This paper aims at synthesizing the scientific research on coal fly ash and agriculture using bibliometric analysis. The research on fly ash and agriculture has grown at 6.7% annually during 1973-2022, where much attention has been received after 2007. The number of publications on coal fly ash and agriculture reached above 100 in the year 2010, which further increased to 299 by 2020. The research productivity has been assessed as the most influential countries, journals, and documents in terms of a number of publications and citations on fly ash and agriculture. India is the most productive country in terms of knowledge on coal fly ash and agriculture with 38% of the global publications, while Environmental Science and Pollution Research is the leading journal with 19 publications. The article on assessing the impact of fly ash incorporation in soil systems by Pandey and Singh (2010), having 349 citations with 26.85 citations per year is one of the leading publications globally. Further, science mapping has been conducted to comprehend the current research focus and discover the emerging themes for future research. The finding of the thematic map based on the level of development and importance indicate that FA can be effectively explored as soil-additive for improved physical, chemical and biological properties and enhanced plant nutrients. The findings provide several aspects of fly ash and suggest future research directions to study the potential of using coal fly ash in agriculture to gain an agronomic advantage.

Assessing Health Risks Associated with Heavy Metals in Food: A Bibliometric Analysis.

Bibliometric analysis is an effective method used to identify research trends based on historical publications that involves combining different frameworks, tools and methods, leading to the creation of different metrics. This study employed bibliometric analysis to investigate the global health risk assessment of heavy metals in food from 2000 to 2022 using Web of Science and VOSviewer. We explore publication trends, affiliations, countries, journals, citations, keywords and author collaborations. Of the 573 publications on this topic, there has been a notable increase in recent years. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (China) and Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (Iran) are the most prolific affiliations. Environmental Science and Pollution Research is the top journal. Notably, "heavy metals", "risk assessment", "cadmium", "lead", and "trace elements" are frequently used keywords. A study by Miraglia et al. in 2009 received the most citations. Amin Mousavi Khaneghah (Poland) is the most prolific author, with 24 papers. Articles mainly focus on contamination levels in fish, seafood, cereals, dairy, meat, and fruit/vegetables. Some studies highlight potential risks, necessitating stricter food product controls for consumer safety.

A bibliometric and visualized analysis of research on green finance and energy in a global perspective

In order to explore the current status and progress trend of global research in the field of green finance and energy, this paper is based on 162 literature information of research in this field published from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2022 in the Web of Science Core Collection, using bibliometric methods and CiteSpace and VOSviewer software to analyze the number of publications, citation frequency, authors, journals, keywords and countries, etc., so as to analyze the global research progress in this field during this period. The results illustrate that the number of literature publications in this field has grown dramatically since 2021. The literature in the WOS database involves 48 countries around the world, among which China has the largest number of publications, accounting for 75.31% of the total number of publications, and Japanese scholars have the highest average number of citations for their articles, at 57.21. “Environmental science and pollution research” and “Renewable energy” are the main journal carriers of the literature in this field. High-frequency keywords for instance “green finance”, “economic-growth”, “renewable energy”, “CO2 emissions”, and “consumption” constitute the representative terms in this field and are the core content of the research in this field. Exploring the link between green finance and carbon dioxide emissions intensity, climate finance and renewable energy are the core objectives of investigation in this field. At present, there is a paucity of literature that systematically explores the intrinsic links between green finance and the energy field, so we have filled the relevant research gaps to some extent. The results analyzed by a bibliometric method are helpful to comprehensive understand the current status, progress and foresight of this field, and to provide reference for future studies. Furthermore, we identified key themes in this research area, finally, provide the following policy recommendations: (1) Integrated planning, cooperation, and global transformation for green finance (2) Research, diversify finance, and support for green energy progress (3) Collaboration for sustainable development and environmental responsibility.

Mapping of scientific research on ecotoxicological analysis with zebrafish (Danio rerio) in textile effluents between 2011 and 2021

The high load of pollutants in textile industrial effluents makes it necessary to carry out an ecotoxicological analysis. Mapping these analyses in animal models can help clarify the possible toxicity that these textile effluents have. Thus, the present study aimed to map the evolution of scientific publications regarding the use of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a bioindicator animal model for environmental quality analysis in the ecotoxicological analysis of textile effluents over a ten-year horizon (2011 to 2021). Three methodological steps were established: a sampling of articles, scientometric and bibliometric analyses, and a systematic literature review. It was observed in twelve documents that ecotoxicological studies of textile effluents using zebrafish are a recent and understudied but promising trend. Among the works, those originating from the Asian continent stood out. The Environmental Science and Pollution Research journal had only two publications. The similarity analysis generated a word tree with seven groups (halos). It was understood that industrial textile effluents have a direct connection with toxicity caused by dyes, and this toxicity can be detected by analysis carried out with the zebrafish bioindicator. It was observed that ecotoxicological assessments with zebrafish could be carried out through different methodologies. However, some proved more complex and presented more robust results, such as embryonic and larval analyses. These analyses were considered beneficial compared to other animal models because they are low cost, require a short period, and comply with an internationally imposed standard (OECD 236). Therefore, it concluded that zebrafish is a promising model for ecotoxicological analysis of textile effluents.

A novel hydrogeochemical approach to delineate the origin of potentially toxic elements in groundwater: Sophisticated molar ratios as environmental tracers.

The occurrence, mobilization, and origin of Potentially Toxic Eelements (PTEs) in the environment is always a difficult research question that has not been fully addressed to date; solving this problem would be a major achievement for environmental science and pollution research, a significant scientific breakthrough, and an important contribution to environmental analysis and monitoring. The lack of a holistic methodology that uses chemical analysis to determine the origin of each PTE in the environment is the main motivation for this project. Therefore, the hypothesis tested here is to develop a scientific approach applied to each PTE to determine whether its origin is geogenic (i.e., water-rock interaction with dominance of silicate or carbonate mineral phases) or anthropogenic (i.e., agricultural practices, wastewater, industrial activities). A total of 47 groundwater samples from the Psachna Basin in central Euboea, Greece, were used and plotted on geochemical mole ratio diagrams (i.e., Si/NO3 vs. Cl/HCO3) and used to perform a robust geochemical modeling analysis. The proposed method showed that elevated groundwater concentrations of various PTEs in groundwater were mainly related to intensive fertilization (e.g., Cr, U), water-rock interaction (e.g., Ni), and saltwater intrusion. (i.e., As, Se). This work highlights that a comprehensive framework with sophisticated molar ratios combined with modern statistical methods, multi-isotope signatures, and geochemical modeling could provide answers to unresolved scientific questions about the origin of PTEs in water resources and improve environmental resilience.

Long-Term Investigation of Emissions and Economic Growth in Developed and Developing Countries: A Bibliometric Analysis

This study seeks to present a better knowledge mapping of emissions and economic growth by referring to literature reviews in developed and developing countries from 2000 to 2022. This study provides overviews of a bibliometric approach, namely: time analysis, journal, co-authorship, citation, country, and institution. The literature survey uses the causality’s direction between (i) emissions and economic growth, and (ii) emissions in developed and developing countries. The degree of research contribution in developed and developing countries has an upward trend in recent years. Journal analysis reveals that Environmental Science and Pollution Research is the journal with the most contributions to analyses in developed and developing countries. Furthermore, the citation analysis shows that "Growth in Emission Transfers via International Trade from 1990 to 2008" has the highest author citations. This study suggests that research collaboration between developed and developing countries can be promoted in producing sustainable green economic growth.

Bioanalytical and chemical characterization of organic micropollutant mixtures in long-term exposed passive samplers from the Joint Danube Survey 4: Setting a baseline for water quality monitoring

Monitoring methodologies reflecting the long-term quality and contamination of surface waters are needed to obtain a representative picture of pollution and identify risk drivers. This study sets a baseline for characterizing chemical pollution in the Danube River using an innovative approach, combining continuous three-months use of passive sampling technology with comprehensive chemical (747 chemicals) and bioanalytical (seven in vitro bioassays) assessment during the Joint Danube Survey (JDS4). This is one of the world's largest investigative surface-water monitoring efforts in the longest river in the European Union, which water after riverbank filtration is broadly used for drinking water production. Two types of passive samplers, silicone rubber (SR) sheets for hydrophobic compounds and AttractSPETM HLB disks for hydrophilic compounds, were deployed at nine sites for approximately 100 days. The Danube River pollution was dominated by industrial compounds in SR samplers and by industrial compounds together with pharmaceuticals and personal care products in HLB samplers. Comparison of the Estimated Environmental Concentrations with Predicted No-Effect Concentrations revealed that at the studied sites, at least one (SR) and 4–7 (HLB) compound(s) exceeded the risk quotient of 1. We also detected AhR-mediated activity, oxidative stress response, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-mediated activity, estrogenic, androgenic, and anti-androgenic activities using in vitro bioassays. A significant portion of the AhR-mediated and estrogenic activities could be explained by detected analytes at several sites, while for the other bioassays and other sites, much of the activity remained unexplained. The effect-based trigger values for estrogenic and anti-androgenic activities were exceeded at some sites. The identified drivers of mixture in vitro effects deserve further attention in ecotoxicological and environmental pollution research. This novel approach using long-term passive sampling provides a representative benchmark of pollution and effect potentials of chemical mixtures for future water quality monitoring of the Danube River and other large water bodies.

Unveiling air pollution patterns in Yemen: a spatial-temporal functional data analysis.

The application of spatiotemporal functional analysis techniques in environmental pollution research remains limited. As a result, this paper suggests spatiotemporal functional data clustering and visualization tools for identifying temporal dynamic patterns and spatial dependence of multiple air pollutants. The study uses concentrations of four major pollutants, named particulate matter (PM2.5), ground-level ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), and sulfur oxides (SO2), measured over 37 cities in Yemen from 1980 to 2022. The proposed tools include Fourier transformation, B-spline functions, and generalized-cross validation for data smoothing, as well as static and dynamic visualization methods. Innovatively, a functional mixture model was used to capture/identify the underlying/hidden dynamic patterns of spatiotemporal air pollutants concentration. According to the results, CO levels increased 25% from 1990 to 1996, peaking in the cities of Taiz, Sana'a, and Ibb before decreasing. Also, PM2.5 pollution reached a peak in 2018, increasing 30% with severe concentrations in Hodeidah, Marib, and Mocha. Moreover, O3 pollution fluctuated with peaks in 2014-2015, 2% increase and pollution rate of 265 Dobson. Besides, SO2 pollution rose from 1997 to 2010, reaching a peak before stabilizing. Thus, these findings provide insights into the structure of the spatiotemporal air pollutants cycle and can assist policymakers in identifying sources and suggesting measures to reduce them. As a result, the study's findings are promising and may guide future research on predicting multivariate air pollution statistics over the analyzed area.

A novel decision model with Einstein aggregation approach for garbage disposal plant site selection under $ q $-rung orthopair hesitant fuzzy rough information

<abstract><p>Environmental science and pollution research has benefits around the globe. Human activity produces more garbage throughout the day as the world's population and lifestyles rise. Choosing a garbage disposal site (GDS) is crucial to effective disposal. In illuminated of the advancements in society, decision-makers concede a significant challenge for assessing an appropriate location for a garbage disposal site. This research used a multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) approach based on $ q $-rung orthopair hesitant fuzzy rough ($ q $-ROHFR) Einstein aggregation information for evaluating GDS selection schemes and providing decision-making (DM) support to select a suitable waste disposal site. In this study, first, q-ROHFR Einstein average aggregation operators are integrated. Some intriguing characteristics of the suggested operators, such as monotonicity, idempotence and boundedness were also explored. Then, a MADM technique was established using the novel concept of $ q $-ROHFR aggregation operators under Einstein t-norm and t-conorm. In order to help the decision makers (DMs) make a final choice, this technique aims to rank and choose an alternative from a collection of feasible alternatives, as well as to propose a solution based on the ranking of alternatives for a problem with conflicting criteria. The model's adaptability and validity are then demonstrated by an analysis and solution of a numerical issue involving garbage disposal plant site selection. We performed a the sensitivity analysis of the proposed aggregation operators to determine the outcomes of the decision-making procedure. To highlight the potential of our new method, we performed a comparison study using the novel extended TOPSIS and VIKOR schemes based on $ q $-ROHFR information. Furthermore, we compared the results with those existing in the literature. The findings demonstrate that this methodology has a larger range of information representation, more flexibility in the assessment environment, and improved consistency in evaluation results.</p></abstract>

Bibliometrics-Based: Trends in Phytoremediation of Potentially Toxic Elements in Soil

Land purity is of central importance to crop production. The accumulation of toxic elements in soil seriously affects crop safety. Phytoremediation is a widely used technology to clean soil pollution because of its low cost, simple implementation, and lack of secondary pollution. This investigation includes data from 4787 articles on phytoremediation of heavy metals in soil from the period between 2008 and 2021, acquired from Web of Science databases. VOSviewer was utilized to conduct statistical analysis of countries (regions), institutions, journals, cited literature, and keywords. According to the statistical data, the use of phytoremediation for cleaning soil with heavy metals has matured in recent years, showing a trend of rapid growth. There were also few collaborative studies on this subject between institutions, and China has the most extensive research in this field and, therefore, has the highest number of publications, followed by India and the United States. Publications from Pakistan are very in-depth and have the highest average number of citations. It was discovered that many researchers are now publishing articles on Environmental Science and Pollution Research. Chemosphere was revealed as the most influential journal, whereas The Journal of Hazardous Materials was the most cited. In-depth research on keywords such as metal enrichment, super-enrichment plants, phytoremediation, Cd, Pb, etc. have been conducted by many scientists; however, the research content for different countries was different. The review analysis revealed that in the future it will be possible to breed trees with high heavy metal accumulation, or to use transgenic plants and ornamental plants with high tolerance to prevent and control heavy metal pollution in soil. This paper aims to provide references for scholars in this field and to allow them quick access to summarized knowledge on this topic.

Variations in the naming of malondialdehyde (MDA) in PubMed-, Scopus-, and Web of science-indexed literature

Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a product of lipid peroxidation that is often determined in abiotic stress-related phytoremediation research. This study assessed (July 14, 2022) the frequency of eight nomenclatural forms of MDA between 2001 and 2021 using three major databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (WoS9). The most common form (75,060, 57,874, and 65,663 times in PubMed, Scopus, and WoS, respectively) of MDA was “malondialdehyde”, followed by “malonaldehyde” (68,240, 3815, and 2337 times in these three databases, respectively). According to WoS, the journals that used “malondialdehyde” and “malonaldehyde” most frequently were Environmental Science and Pollution Research (Springer-Nature) (587 times) and The Journal of Chemical Physics (AIP Publishing) (57 times). Other less-frequent forms were: malonyldialdehyde, malonic dialdehyde, malon-dialdehyde, malone dialdehyde, malonic aldehyde, and malonodialdehyde. We recommend that the editors of journals that publish papers with themes that are closely associated with plant stress specify in their instructions for authors their journal’s preferable nomenclatural form of MDA. The plant abiotic stress community, including phytoremediation specialists, need to debate this topic with the objective of seeking a standardized nomenclatural form of MDA, which would help to fortify the integrity of searches in major databases by allowing all relevant literature to be accurately identified. Novelty statement Malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of lipid peroxidation that is often determined in stress-related phytoremediation research, has various forms to its name. These nomenclatural variations were assessed in PubMed-, Scopus-, and Web of Science-indexed literature. This is the first study to detect, report, quantify and debate these forms of MDA.

A review of the removal of heavy metal ions in wastewater by modified montmorillonite

Abstract Heavy metal pollution in water environment has always been a hot issue in environmental pollution research. Among various removal methods of heavy metal pollution, adsorption has attracted attention because of its low cost and low secondary pollution. Montmorillonite is one of an ideal adsorption materials because of its natural pore structure and a high specific surface area. In this review, the modification methods of montmorillonite are introduced. The adsorption effect of different heavy metal ions and the main factors affecting the adsorption are discussed in detail. Meanwhile, the adsorption mechanism is intensively reviewed. The removal of Cr(VI), Cd(II), Pb(II), Cu(II), Cs(I), Co(II), Hg(II), Zn(II), Ni(II), and other nine heavy metal ions by modified montmorillonite was summarized and discussed, and the optimal pH values for different adsorbents were also different, but they were all less than 7, and the removal rates of heavy metal ions by modified montmorillonite under optimal conditions were all greater than 90%. It is concluded that the composite montmorillonite material has a great adsorption potential. Finally, it is proposed that the combination of advanced oxidation and composite montmorillonite material adsorption to remove heavy metal ions is an important direction of adsorption and removal of heavy metal ions in the water environment in the future.

Financial Decentralization and Environmental Pollution Research—An Empirical Test Based on Data from 279 Cities in China

By establishing a principal–agent model, this study introduced the local government’s behavior and deduced the local government in the face of incentive policies, which means that it has more power to develop the economy at the cost of environmental pollution. Furthermore, from the perspective of fiscal expenditure structure and local government competition, the influence path of fiscal decentralization on environmental pollution is examined. Thus, this methodology unifies three seemingly different but strongly interrelated hypotheses into one single composite model. Firstly, the bidirectional fixed effect model tests the relationship between fiscal decentralization and environmental pollution empirically and shows that the improvement of fiscal decentralization will aggravate environmental pollution. Additionally, combined with the inverted U-shaped relationship between economic development and environmental pollution, this paper argues that fiscal decentralization has different impacts on environmental pollution at different levels of economic development. Secondly, the results of the mechanism test prove that fiscal decentralization will increase regional competition, increase the scale of foreign capital utilization, and reduce the proportion of local government expenditure for public welfare, thus increasing environmental pollution. Thirdly, heterogeneous regression results demonstrate that fiscal decentralization will increase the environmental pollution of high pollution areas and non-provincial capital cities but has no significant impact on low pollution areas and provincial capital cities. Based on the above conclusions, this paper develops countermeasures to control environmental pollution from optimizing fiscal decentralization structure.

Determination of trace metals in vegetables using ICP-MS

Determination of trace metals in vegetables using ICP-MS