Environmental Pollution Monitoring Research Articles

Pollution Monitoring via Potentiometric Membrane Sensors for the Determination of Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride in the Presence of Its Main Photo-Degradation Products in River Water

The utilization of membrane sensors for the monitoring and determination of pharmaceutical environmental pollutants has emerged as a crucial objective in recent years. Given the extensive use of chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ) in medicine, its presence in the environment, particularly in surface water such as rivers, is highly probable. Prolonged exposure of river water to sunlight and the photo-degradability of CPZ may enhance its photo-degradation. For the purpose of measuring CPZ in the presence of its primary photo-degradants, two sensitive and selective membrane electrodes were developed. These were synthesized utilizing two ion-pairing agents: sodium tetraphenylborate (TPB) and phosphotungstic acid (PTA). The electrodes exhibited a linear range that extended from 1 × 10−6 M to 1 × 10−2 M. The membrane electrodes of CPZ-TPB and CPZ-PTA exhibited slopes of 59.90 ± 0.60 mV/decade and 58.90 ± 0.80 mV/decade, respectively. The sensors mentioned above showed acceptable performance in a pH range of 2.0 to 6.0. All test parameters were optimized to provide superior electrochemical performance. The fabricated membranes were effectively employed to sensitively quantify CPZ in the presence of its principal photodegradants. The developed sensors were successfully employed to quantify CPZ in river water samples without necessitating pre-treatment procedures.

Unleashing the nonlinear optical response of layered vanadium diselenide towards the deep mid-infrared regime

Broadband nonlinear optical materials towards the deep mid-infrared regime are highly required in medical diagnostics, environmental pollution monitoring, etc. Here, we report the ultra-broadband nonlinear optical absorption behavior of the layered vanadium diselenide (VSe2) towards deep mid-infrared regime experimentally. The layered VSe2 prepared by the liquid-phase exfoliation method exhibits broadband and wavelength-dependent nonlinear saturable absorption and a large modulation depth of over 8% in the 3-10 µm spectral range. By utilizing the layered VSe2 for optical modulation, stable nanosecond pulse with a low Q-switched threshold has been delivered successfully from an erbium-doped ZBLAN fiber laser. The experimental findings can deepen the understanding of the nonlinear optical response of the transition metal dichalcogenides towards the deep mid-infrared regime, and may make inroads for the advancement of mid-IR optoelectronic devices.

Fractal Analysis of Mining Wastewater Time Series Parameters: Balkhash Urban Region and Sayak Ore District

The population life and health quality are significantly reduced due to water resources pollution caused by heavy metals, especially in urban agglomerations located close to metal ore mining and processing facilities. The greatest environmental pollution occurs during the extraction of Cu, Zn, and Pb. In this study, a fractal R/S analysis of wastewater discharge indicators time series from a metal ore mining facility located in the Sayak ore district in the Republic of Kazakhstan (turbidity, electrical conductivity, flow magnitude, and pH level) was carried out. A sharp increase in the flow rate was recorded from 10 to 15 July 2024 and an increase in the electrical conductivity from 4 to 26 July 2024. However, the latest type of indicator assessment does not exceed the critical level for life. The presence of electrical conductivity indicators time series long-term memory and persistence was also recorded (the Hurst exponent for the electrical conductivity time series is fixed in the 0.56 to 0.59 range and does not go below the threshold value for randomness according to the Anis-Lloyd formula). Thus, the value-changing process is controlled and stable, and minor changes in turbidity indicate that these releases do not significantly harm the environment. Despite this, the results obtained do not allow for a comprehensive analysis of the state of releases as the data from all deposits is not available. Therefore, due to the time constraints of the data provided for analysis, it is difficult to fully assess the impact of specific metal ore mining facilities on the environmental safety of the Balkhash urban region. In addition, many studies indicate very high risks of chronic diseases for the population living in this region. The findings of this study enable us to conclude that the application of fractal analysis and the calculation of fractal characteristics for time series of emissions can serve as an indicator of the environmental status within the given area. This information can be used by environmental services to build reliable environmental pollution monitoring systems.

Green and Mild Fabrication of Magnetic Poly(trithiocyanuric acid) Polymers for Rapid and Selective Separation of Mercury(II) Ions in Aqueous Samples.

The removal and detection of highly toxic mercury(II) ions (Hg2+) in water used daily is essential for human health and monitoring environmental pollution. Efficient porous organic polymers (POPs) can provide a strong adsorption capacity toward heavy metal ions, although the complex synthetic process and inconvenient phase separation steps limit their application. Hence, a combination of POPs and magnetic nanomaterials was proposed and a new magnetic porous organic polymer adsorbent was fabricated by a green and mild redox reaction in the aqueous phase with trithiocyanuric acid (TA) and its sodium salts acting as reductive monomers and iodine acting as an oxidant. In the preparation steps, no additional harmful organic solvent is required and the byproducts of sodium iodine are generally considered to be non-toxic. The resulting magnetic poly(trithiocyanuric acid) polymers (MPTAPs) are highly porous, have large surface areas, are rich in sulfhydryl groups and show easy magnetic separation ability. The experimental results show that MPTAPs exhibit good adsorption affinity toward Hg2+ with high selectivity, rapid adsorption kinetics (10 min), a large adsorption capacity (211 mg g-1) and wide adsorption applicability under various pH environments (pH 2~8). Additionally, MPTAPs can be reused for up to 10 cycles, and the magnetic separation step of MPTAPs is fast and convenient, reducing energy consumption compared to centrifugation and filtration steps required for non-magnetic adsorbents. These results demonstrate the promising capability of MPTAPs as superior adsorbents for effective adsorption and separation of Hg2+. Based on this, the prepared MPTAPs were adopted as magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) materials for isolation of trace Hg2+ from aqueous samples. Under optimized conditions, the extraction and quantification of trace Hg2+ in water samples were accomplished using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) detection after MSPE procedures. The proposed MPTAPs-based MSPE-ICP-MS method is efficient, rapid, sensitive and selective for the determination of trace Hg2+, and was successfully employed for the accurate analysis of trace Hg2+ in tap water, wastewater, lake water and river water samples.

Anthraquinone Schiff base and SDS-based visual detection for environmental safety: Targeting triphosgene and Hg2+ with secondary focus on detection of BSA

New sensing techniques with exceptional performance, i.e., high sensitivity, high selectivity, and dependability, are needed to meet the growing demand for quick and accurate environmental pollution prevention and monitoring. A novel Schiff base probe synthesized from anthraquinone and 4-(diethylamino)-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (coded as AQHB) was synthesized and subsequently combined with anionic surfactant Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) assemblies to form highly fluorescent AQHB@SDS ensemble. The zeta potential of ensemble AQHB@SDS is −52.6 mV confirm the encapsulation of AQHB (-17.3 mV) in SDS micelles. This formed fluorescent AQHB@SDS ensemble further practical applications in detection of toxic triphosgene and Hg2+ ions via naked eye color change and fluorescence quenching mechanism. The fluorescence of in-situ formed AQHB@SDS+Hg2+ complex restored by the addition of BSA. The optimized system demonstrates detection limits of 0.60, 0.68, and an impressive 0.028 nM for triphosgene, Hg2+, BSA respectively. Control experiments revealed that the -OH and -NH groups in AQHB along with anionic surfactant played crucial roles in the sensing mechanism. Moreover, the ensemble AQHB@SDS system efficiently detected triphosgene and Hg2+ in real samples, such as water and soil, highlighting its practical applicability.

Biofeedback-Based Closed-Loop Phytoactuation in Vertical Farming and Controlled-Environment Agriculture.

This work focuses on biohybrid systems-plants with biosensors and actuating mechanisms that enhance the ability of biological organisms to control environmental parameters, to optimize growth conditions or to cope with stress factors. Biofeedback-based phytoactuation represents the next step of development in hydroponics, vertical farming and controlled-environment agriculture. The sensing part of the discussed approach uses (electro)physiological sensors. The hydrodynamics of fluid transport systems, estimated electrochemically, is compared with sap flow data provided by heat-based methods. In vivo impedance spectroscopy enables the discrimination of water, nutrient and photosynthates in the plant stem. Additionally to plant physiology, the system measures several air/soil and environmental parameters. The actuating part includes a multi-channel power module to control phytolight, irrigation, fertilization and air/water preparation. We demonstrate several tested in situ applications of a closed-loop control based on real-time biofeedback. In vertical farming, this is used to optimize energy and water consumption, reduce growth time and detect stress. Biofeedback was able to reduce the microgreen production cycle from 7 days to 4-5 days and the production of wheatgrass from 10 days to 7-8 days, and, in combination with biofeedback-based irrigation, a 30% increase in pea biomass was achieved. Its energy optimization can reach 25-30%. In environmental monitoring, the system performs the biological monitoring of environmental pollution (a low concentration of O3) with tomato and tobacco plants. In AI research, a complex exploration of biological organisms, and in particular the adaptation mechanisms of circadian clocks to changing environments, has been shown. This paper introduces a phytosensor system, describes its electrochemical measurements and discusses its tested applications.

Well-matched dual photoelectrodes regulated cathodic photoelectrochemical aptasensing capability: Elucidating the role of photoanode in enhancing the sensing signal

To screen well-matched photoelectrodes is highly desirable for achieving efficient signal amplification of the dual-photoelectrode photoelectrochemical (PEC) system. However, the role of photoanode in the characteristic signal amplification remains unclear. In this study, an integrated PEC system was developed by employing well-matched ZnIn2S4/Bi2S3 photoanode and BiOBr-Au nanoparticles (NPs) photocathode. ZnIn2S4/Bi2S3 with super light-harvesting property and Z-scheme electron transfer pathway, served as the photoanode to continuously inject electrons into the photocathode under visible light, resulted in a 69 times enhanced photocurrent signal than that of conventional PEC system. More importantly, a systematic discussion of photoanode in enhancing the sensing signal was presented through the experimental measurements of Mott-Schottky and open-circuit voltage. Using ofloxacin (OFL) as a model target, an aptasensor was constructed for its potential sensing applications, and the possible reaction mechanism of OFL were also conducted. The proposed aptasensor demonstrated the capability to detect concentrations of OFL ranging from 0.1 pM to 5 nM, achieving a detection limit of 47 fM (S/N = 3). Moreover, the aptasensing platform exhibited advantages of high sensitivity, good anti-interference and repeatability. This study proposed insights in understanding the role of photoanode for designing more efficient dual-photoelectrode PEC aptasensors for precise monitoring of other environmental pollutants.

A comparative study on the toxic effects of lead pollution and nanoplastic-lead mixed pollution on red drum and their detoxification strategies

Nanoplastics and heavy metals pose various adverse effects on marine organisms. However, the combined toxicity of nanoplastics and lead pollution to marine fish is not fully understood. This study investigates the toxic effects and detoxification strategies of lead pollution (p07) compared to nanoplastic-lead mixed pollution (m07) in red drum during exposure and recovery phases. Under m07 pollution, the maximum lead content in muscle was 22.61 mg/kg, which was significantly higher than the 15.82 mg/kg observed under p07 pollution. This finding demonstrated that nanoplastics significantly enhance lead accumulation, leading to more severe toxic effects on red drum. Histological analyses revealed that lipid droplets in the liver and epithelial lifting in the gills were the primary lesion types. During the exposure periods, red drum primarily detoxified lead through cellular renewal and the removal of damaged proteins under p07 pollution. Conversely, under m07 pollution, detoxification relied on cellular senescence, apoptosis, endocytosis, and the removal of damaged proteins. In the recovery phases, red drum predominantly recovered through cell proliferation and antioxidant responses under p07 pollution. Under m07 pollution, the focus shifted to functional protein synthesis, apoptosis, endocytosis, and lipid metabolism. This study offers valuable insights into the monitoring and management of combined environmental pollution.

Elucidating enantioselective fate and sensitive biomarkers in zebrafish of chiral pesticide fenpropidin: Insights into metabolic pathways and hazard assessment

Fenpropidin (FPD), a widely utilized chiral fungicide, has been detected in aquatic environments. This study systematically evaluated the bioaccumulation, depuration, biotransformation, and sensitive biomarkers of FPD enantiomers in zebrafish to assess their environmental risks. Compared with S-FPD, R-FPD demonstrated a higher rate of enrichment and an increased level of bioaccumulation. The half-lives of R-FPD and S-FPD were 0.49 ± 0.01 and 0.91 ± 0.02 days at 0.05 mg/L and 1.65 ± 0.01 and 1.85 ± 0.03 days at 0.5 mg/L. Nontarget metabolism analysis identified nine metabolites, primarily formed through hydroxylation, oxidation, dehydration, glutathione conjugation, and glucuronidation pathways. Some metabolites exhibited high toxicity, underscoring the necessity for continuous monitoring of their toxicological effects and environmental fate in risk assessments. The toxicity of S-FPD in zebrafish was 1.21 times greater than that of R-FPD. Furthermore, this study identified sensitive markers for the enantiomers at both protein and transcriptional levels using an integrated biomarker response approach. S-FPD exhibited increased sensitivity to apoptosis and metabolic gene expression, while R-FPD showed greater sensitivity to antioxidant kinase activity. These findings facilitate timely monitoring of environmental pollution caused by FPD enantiomers. This study provides critical insights for assessing potential risks associated with pesticide exposure to human health.

Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of samarium molybdate nanosheets modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes: real-time analysis of dimetridazole in environmental and biological samples

Dimetridazole (DMZ) is commonly used as a veterinary drug, resulting in high emissions and environmental pollution and DMZ residues are carcinogenic, genotoxic, and mutagenic to humans. Therefore, it is essential to construct a fast, sensitive and simple sensor to monitor DMZ. In this study, samarium molybdate nanosheets modified multi-walled carbon nanotube composites (SmM/MWCNT) were synthesized to modify GCE for detecting DMZ. The SmM/MWCNT material was also characterized by various analytical and spectroscopic techniques, such as FE-SEM, HRTEM, FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, elemental mapping and XPS, to demonstrate the successful synthesis of the composite. Besides, the electrochemical behavior of SmM/MWCNT /GCE for DMZ was also investigated using CV and DPV, and the modified electrode showed good electrochemical sensing performance for DMZ with a low detection limit (0.08 μM), a wide linear range (0.1∼1000 μM), and excellent selectivity. Finally, the SmM/MWCNT/GCE was successfully applied to detect DMZ in environmental and biological samples, and satisfactory recoveries (95%∼105%) were obtained. To the best of our knowledge, the synthesis of SmM/MWCNT and its application in electrochemical sensors are reported for the first time, which demonstrates that it can provide a new route for real-time monitoring of environmental pollutants.

Achieving ultrasensitive detection of glyphosate in fruits and vegetables using a triple-mode strategy based on carbon dots nanozymes derived from expired drugs

Rapid and sensitive detection of glyphosate (GLP) holds significant importance in the monitoring of environmental pollution and potential risks to human health. In this study, carbon dots nanozymes (CDszymes) with peroxidase-like activity were synthesized rapidly using a microwave-assisted method, employing expired drugs as raw materials. In the presence of H2O2, CDszymes catalyze the oxidation of TMB to generate blue oxTMB, which exhibits a photothermal effect under near-infrared light irradiation; an inner filter effect (IFE) may occur between oxTMB and CDszymes. By coupling the cascade catalysis of AChE and ChOx to generate H2O2, GLP effectively inhibits the activity of AChE, constructing a colorimetric/fluorescent/photothermal response platform for GLP. In colorimetry, the detection limit of GLP was 0.33 ng/mL. The detection limits of GLP by fluorescence method and photothermal method were 0.02 ng/mL and 0.41 ng/mL, respectively. The efficacy of this methodology has been successfully demonstrated in fruit and vegetable, it also provides a strategy for the high-value conversion of expired drugs.

Functionalized Face Masks as Smart Wearable Sensors for Multiple Sensing.

Wearable sensors provide continuous physiological information and measure deviations from healthy baselines, resulting in the potential to personalize health management and diagnosis of diseases. With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, functionalized face masks as smart wearable sensors for multimodal and/or multiplexed measurement of physical parameters and biochemical markers have become the general population for physiological health management and environmental pollution monitoring. This Review examines recent advances in applications of smart face masks based on implantation of digital technologies and electronics and focuses on respiratory monitoring applications with the advantages of autonomous flow driving, enrichment enhancement, real-time monitoring, diversified sensing, and easily accessible. In particular, the detailed introduction of diverse respiratory signals including physical, inhalational, and exhalant signals and corresponding associations of health management and environmental pollution is presented. In the end, we also provide a personal perspective on future research directions and the remaining challenges in the commercialization of smart functionalized face masks for multiple sensing.

Environmental safety performance dynamics and estimation of the deterioration of leachate containment elements: Implications for the lifespan of hazardous waste landfills

In the coming decades, the failure and expiration of over 100,000 landfills involving billions of tons of waste not only threaten global water security but also lead to a sudden increase in the global demand for solid waste disposal. Therefore, further research is needed on the ways in which landfill performance is degraded, their life expectancy, the factors that influence them and the ways in which they are influenced. A study estimated the performance degradation and expected lifespan of a modern hazardous waste landfill in China. The landfill experienced slow performance degradation in early years (0–12 years). But during mid-term (12–62 years) due to the rapid degradation of the liner material, the rate of leakage from the containment layer will increase by a factor of 4.8–27.1, leading to its earliest failure after about 38 years. This indicates the need for measures to prevent rapid performance degradation in the middle of the landfill's service life and to strengthen monitoring of performance indicators and environmental medium pollution in the later period (after 62 years) to respond to potential scrapping and pollutant leakage problems. Differences in construction quality and regional climate can cause differences in the lifespan of landfill facilities by up to 20 and 30 times, highlighting the importance of scenario-based failure and lifespan prediction for designing reasonable monitoring plans and preparing response measures to prevent potential groundwater pollution and to meet the sudden increase in demand for secondary waste disposal.

Problems of the management of habitat monitoring in settlements (ports) of the Northern Sea Route

Introduction. The Northern Sea Route (NSR) is the main Arctic shipping route in the Russian Federation. As part of the development of Arctic infrastructure, the state and private investors have launched large-scale work on the development of Arctic ports. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the current monitoring system for the state of atmospheric air, soil, and drinking water in the territory of settlements (ports) in the Northern Sea Route. Materials and methods. Official data from environmental pollution monitoring by (Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet) and social and hygienic monitoring by Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor) in twelve settlements and ports in the Northern Sea Route were used. An electronic database has been created. The analysis was carried out using MS Office Excel, visualization of the location of monitoring points – ESRI ArcGIS 9.3 Results. The conducted research has shown heterogeneity in the management of monitoring of environmental factors of the population living in settlements (ports) of the NSR. The largest monitoring coverage is typical for settlements in the North-West – primarily the cities of Murmansk and Arkhangelsk, where the largest number of posts are located and all environments are monitored – atmospheric air, soil of populated areas and drinking water. There is practically no monitoring of the habitat in the village of Sabetta, Dudinka. In the village. Dixon habitat monitoring is not carried out. Atmospheric air, the quality of which is especially important for territories with developed port infrastructure, is controlled only in 5 out of 12 settlements (ports) of the NSR. Limitations. The research had no limitations. Conclusion. The need to optimize the monitoring system was noted. As measures, it is recommended to manage monitoring of atmospheric air, drinking water, and soil in the village. Dixon; atmospheric air and soil in the village. Sabetta and Dudinka; atmospheric air in Beringovsky village, Igarka, Providence village; soil in Tiksi village. It is necessary to expand the list of controlled indices in atmospheric air, drinking water and soil, as well as increase the frequency of sampling.

Green Nanotech: A Review of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Tackling Environmental Pollution Challenges

In recent times, nanotechnology has experienced widespread acclaim across diverse sectors, including but not limited to tissue engineering, drug delivery systems, biosensors, and the mitigation and monitoring of environmental pollutants. The unique arrangement of carbon atoms in sp3 configurations within carbon nanomaterials endows them with exceptional physical, mechanical, and chemical characteristics, driving them to the forefront of materials research. Their appeal lies in their efficacy as superior adsorbents and their exceptional thermal resistance, making them versatile in various applications. The present review extensively explores a range of carbon-based nanomaterials, delving into their synthesis methods and examining their multifaceted applications in addressing environmental pollutants. It is crucial to emphasize that the popularity of carbon-based nanomaterials arises from their potential to serve as superior adsorbents, coupled with their outstanding thermal resistance properties. These attributes contribute to their applicability in diverse environmental contexts. Looking ahead, carbon-based nanomaterials are poised to emerge as environmentally friendly and cost-effective materials, representing promising and potential avenues for the advancement of sustainable technology.

The temporal-spatial association of respiratory manifestations and air pollution in children referred to the Emergency Department of Akbar Children’s Hospital, Mashhad, Iran

BackgroundAir pollution causes many respiratory disorders, especially in children and the elderly. These disorders include asthma exacerbations, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia. Research on the association between air pollution and respiratory disorders helps to reevaluate environmental policies in developing countries.MethodsThis descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 932 children with respiratory manifestations admitted from December 2017 to December 2019 at the Emergency Department of Akbar Children’s Hospital of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Air pollution indices such as concentration of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM) smaller than 2.5 and 10 μm and other parameters, including the air quality index (AQI), air temperature, and humidity level from 2017 to 2019, were retrieved from Mashhad Environmental Pollution Monitoring Center. Demographic and clinical data of patients were collected from patients’ hospital documents. We used descriptive analytical methods such as central tendency, variability, and frequency distribution to report and analyze demographic and clinical data through tables and diagrams. The association between air pollution indices and respiratory manifestations was examined by the Spearman correlation test. The correlation between the AQI and total hospital admissions and asthma-related hospital admissions was also evaluated by the Spearman correlation test.ResultsHospital admissions due to respiratory manifestations were not associated with the AQI of each month (p-value = 0.794). The concentration of SO2 was correlated with respiratory-related hospital admissions (correlation coefficient = 0.487, p-value = 0.016) but not asthma attacks.ConclusionGenerally, our cross-sectional study showed no statistically considerable association between air pollution and hospital admissions due to respiratory manifestations and asthma attacks in children. Of the air pollution indices, only SO2 concentration was associated with respiratory-related hospital admissions but not asthma attacks.

2-Methylbenzimidazole-copper nanozyme with high laccase activity for colorimetric differentiation and detection of aminophenol isomers

Laccase is well-known for its eco-friendly applications in environmental remediation and biotechnology, but its high cost and low stability have limited its practical use. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop efficient laccase mimetics. In this study, a novel laccase-mimicking nanozyme (MBI-Cu) was successfully synthesized using 2-methylbenzimidazole (MBI) coordinated with Cu2+ by mimicking the copper active site and electron transfer pathway of natural laccase. MBI-Cu nanozyme exhibited excellent catalytic activity and higher stability than laccase, and was utilized to oxidize a series of phenolic compounds. Environmental pollutant aminophenol isomers were found to display different color in solution when catalytically oxidized by MBI-Cu, which provided a simple and feasible method to identify them by the naked eye. Based on the distinct absorption spectra of the oxidized aminophenol isomers, a colorimetric method for quantitatively detecting o-AP, m-AP, and p-AP was established, with detection limits of 0.06 μM, 0.27 μM, and 0.18 μM, respectively. Furthermore, by integrating MBI-Cu-based cotton pad colorimetric strips with smartphone and utilizing color recognition software to identify and analyze the RGB values of the images, a portable colorimetric sensing platform was designed for rapid detection of aminophenol isomers without the need for any analytical instrument. This work provides an effective reference for the design of laccase nanozymes and holds significant potential for applications in the field of environmental pollutant monitoring.

Dual-mode electrochemiluminescence sensing and phone imaging assays based on bipolar electrode for kanamycin detection

Excessive use of antibiotics will enter the water environment and soil through the biological chain, and then transfer to the human body through food, resulting in drug resistance, kidney toxicity and other health problems, so it is urgent to develop highly sensitive detection methods of antibiotics. Here, we designed a dual-mode sensor platform based on closed bipolar electrode (cBPE) electroluminescence (ECL) and mobile phone imaging to detect kanamycin in seawater. The prepared CN-NV-550 displayed extremely intense ECL signal, allowing for convenient mobile phone imaging. The cBPE was combined with DNA cycle amplification technology to prevent the mutual interference between target and the luminescent material, and realized the amplification of signal. In the presence of target Kana, Co3O4 was introduced to the cBPE anode by DNA cycle amplification product, and accelerated the oxidation rate of uric acid (UA). Thus, the electroluminescence response of CN-NV-550 on cBPE cathode was much improved due to the charge balance of the cBPE, achieving both ECL detection and mobile phone imaging assay of Kana, which much improved the accuracy and efficiency of assay. The limit of detection (LOD) in this work is 0.23 pM, and LOD for mobile phone imaging is 0.39 pM. This study integrate ECL imaging visualization of CN-NV-550 and high electrocatalytic activity of Co3O4 into cBPE-ECL detection, providing a new perspective for antibiotic analysis, and has great potential for practical applications, especially in Marine environmental pollution monitoring.

The Diversity of MOF Structures and Their Impact on Photoelectrochemical Sensors for Monitoring Environmental Pollution

The problem of environmental pollution is one of the most important in the modern world. Pollution causes an increase in human diseases, the extinction of many species of plants and animals, global warming, and many weather anomalies. One of the great challenges for scientists is the development of methods for monitoring and removing the emerging pollutants. This review focuses on Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) and their use as working material to construct different types of sensors for application in environmental pollution monitoring. In particular, the detection of heavy metals (mercury, lead, and arsenic) and organic compounds (drugs, biomolecules, and pesticides) are considered. The collected data show that photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensors based on MOFs are the most fascinating materials due to various combinations (e.g., surface modification) and operational possibilities. PEC sensors achieve enormous sensitivity, which increases even to the pico level, making it the best tool in sensing applications. This review also highlights the main sensor challenges. Most of them are concerned with the possibility of reusing the sensor, its regeneration, and safe disposal. In addition, more attention should be paid to the sensor manufacturing process, which often uses toxic compounds, and research to eliminate them in favor of non-toxic compounds.

A novel hybrid lanthanide metal-organic frameworks based on porphyrin for rapid detection of iron ions

BackgroundIron ion (Fe3+) is essential for the environment and human health. Detecting Fe3+ in water is crucial, making high-performance detection a key objective. Lanthanide metal-organic frameworks with abundant functional sites have been deemed a promising fluorescence sensor for Fe3+ detection. Currently, most metal-organic framework-based sensors for Fe3+ detection have cumbersome and time-consuming synthesis procedures and long detection times, which greatly limits their practical application. This study aims to construct a hybrid lanthanide metal-organic frameworks-based fluorescence sensor for Fe3+ detection that promises simple and rapid iron ion quantification in water. ResultsA novel hybrid lanthanide metal-organic frameworks (ECTMNs) was synthesized in one step using a solvothermal method with only 4 h. The frameworks comprise two metal ions, cerium and europium, serving as metal centers, and 4,4,4,4-(Porphine-5,10,15,20-tetrayl) tetrakis (TCPP) as an organic ligand. With the addition of Fe3+, the host-guest reaction occurred between Fe3+ and ECTMNs probe, leading to the gradual fluorescence burst of ECTMNs probe. A strong linear correlation between ECTMNs fluorescence intensity and Fe3+ concentration (1–90 μM) makes it a reliable sensor for Fe3+ monitoring with a detection limit of 0.3 μM. Moreover, the method was used to analyze real samples (tap water and river water), showing good recoveries (92–98 %) and low relative standard deviations (3.96–6.11 %), making it a promising option for rapidly detecting Fe3+. Significance and noveltyA rapid synthesis protocol for hybrid lanthanide metal-organic frameworks is proposed in this study. The obtained ECTMNs exhibits good water solubility, high stability, and specificity for Fe3+. Based on ECTMNs, an innovative fluorescence sensor is established for selectively detecting Fe3+ in water, which is a simple operation method with a low detection limit and short sensing time. It provides a novel method for accurately and rapidly detecting Fe3+ in environmental pollution and water safety monitoring.