Environmental Monitoring Of Water Bodies Research Articles

Study of the dependence of component composition - degree of wastewater purification by adsorbents based on plant raw materials to control the content of priority pollutants in water bodies

In conditions of intensive development of industrial and agricultural production, measures aimed at protecting the hydrosphere from harmful substances are becoming increasingly important every year. Water purification using the sorption method and water treatment is one of the most common technological processes. Almost unlimited reserves of sorbents of natural origin, their low cost, and fairly high adsorption and ion-exchange properties make their use advisable. Sorbents developed on the basis of available secondary plant raw materials show high efficiency and open up the possibility of their practical use in solving environmental problems. New sorbents based on plant raw materials have been developed, their structure and morphology have been studied in order to identify the absorption capacity and effectiveness of use as oil sorbents. Studies of the kinetics and dynamics sorption of oil pollutants confirm the effectiveness of mentioned sorbents and sorption purification technology can be used for environmental monitoring of water bodies.

Use of Chironomid Larvae as Bio-Monitoring Agent to Assess Water Pollution

In environmental monitoring of water bodies, the morphological deformities of chironomid larvae offer a useful way of estimating sediment toxicity. Laboratory and field studies have indicated a link between morphological deformities of chironomids and the concentrations of toxic substances present in sediments. Midge larvae are able to metabolize organic contaminants, but the breakdown products may also be responsible for morphological abnormalities. The frequency and severity of mouth part deformities of bloodworm and the relationship of deformities to river hydrology have been investigated.

Разработка и возможности применения робототехнического устройства для мониторинга экологической обстановки на водных объектах

For the effective development of fish in pond farms and spawning grounds, it is necessary to observe comfortable conditions for the life and growth of aquaculture. These include the correct selection and dosage of feed, the maintenance of environmental parameters of water in proper condition. The work is devoted to the research and development of a system for environmental monitoring of pond water parameters using a robotic watercraft using LoRaWAN wireless technology. Keywords: AQUATIC BIORESOURCES, AUTOMATED WATERCRAFT, ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING OF WATER BODIES, RAPID ANALYSIS OF WATER PARAMETERS, LoRaWAN TECHNOLOGY, pH ENVIRONMENT, DISSOLVED OXYGEN

Characterization of the anopheline vector breeding habitats: Implications for elimination of malaria in tribal inhabited Car Nicobar Island.

Malaria is an important public health problem in Andaman & Nicobar archipelago. Among the three districts, Nicobar is the most endemic district where API is >2. In this district, the malaria incidence in Car Nicobar Tehsil has declined steadily over the past 10 years. A renewed initiative to consolidate this gain is being made with the ultimate objective of achieving zero indigenous transmission of malaria in Car Nicobar. So, the present study undertook a close environmental monitoring of water bodies for assessing changes in the risk potential of mosquito vector breeding habitats which can augment the elimination programme. The breeding habitats of anopheline mosquitoes were sampled in 16 areas of Car Nicobar Island for eight time periods during 2017-2020. Along with anophelines, various associated water parameters (n=60) were estimated, viz. physicochemical (n=13), and biological, which included culicine mosquito immatures, insect predators (n=5), phytoplanktons (n=31) and zooplanktons (n=10). In the 16 study sites, overall 1126 surface water stagnating bodies constituting 21 different habitat types were surveyed. Of these, 17 were positive for anopheline breeding. Water bodies from three villages were consistently found to be positive for anopheline breeding. However, early instars of anopheline larvae were more abundant compared to the late instars. Four anopheline species were recorded, including Anopheles sundaicus, A. barbirostris, A. insulaeflorum and A. subpictus, in which 48 per cent were A. sundaicus. Multivariable analysis indicated that anopheline density was significantly higher in permanent water bodies than in temporary habitats (P<0.05) (high risk of anophelines). The highest pH (≥8.2), dissolved solids (≥0.39) levels showed significantly (P<0.05) decreased larval densities (lower risk of breeding), adjusted with breeding sites and season. Nitrite levels increased (P=0.022) larval densities. The present study facilitated estimating the productive period of a larval habitat enabling target larval sources to reduce adult populations. Implementing larviciding strategy before monsoon season is presumably the most cost-effective strategy. The output can be utilized for environmental monitoring of mosquito breeding risk in other malaria endemic areas, particularly where medium/large water bodies are the predominant breeding sites for malaria vectors.

Information and analytical system for environmental monitoring of water bodies

An integral part of maintaining a favorable environmental situation on our planet is the observation of its individual objects, including special attention is paid to water bodies. This is due not only to the natural human need for its consumption, but also to other aspects of the anthropogenic factor, which includes unintentional pollution of the environment with industrial and other waste. The task of increasing the effectiveness of measures aimed at the effective performance of work on the collection of water and soil samples from individual reservoirs, as well as the collection, accumulation and processing of data on reservoirs through the introduction of a system of environmental monitoring of water bodies is being solved. Such a system will speed up the work of environmental organizations, and also contributes to the formation of a brief set of recommendations for restoration measures and will give an overall assessment of the ecological state of the reservoir. The purpose of this work is to automate the process of accounting and processing information about the results of laboratory studies of various types of samples and tests on the basis of the performed cycle of calculations to form estimates and recommendations on the ecological state of the reservoir and to make final reports.

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ ТЯЖЕЛЫХ МЕТАЛЛОВ В АКВАТОРИИ СЕВЕРНОЙ ЧАСТИ КАСПИЙСКОГО МОРЯ

The article presents the results of chemical analysis for the content of heavy metals in the waters of the fields in the northern part of the Caspian Sea. The content of heavy metals in water is a complex and informative indicator of the degree of water pollution and can be used in environmental monitoring of water bodies. An analysis was carried out on the content of eleven heavy metals at the Kashagan, Kalamkas Kairan and Aktoty deposits for the period from 2006 to 2019. All results were averaged with indication of their minimum, maximum and average values, and were also compared with the MPC of these heavy metals. Among the eleven heavy metals, only one metal is characterized by a content below the MPC, this is barium. The barium content was determined by sweat in all samples, but at the same time they did not exceed the MPC in all samples. A slight excess of the MPC is typical for such metals as cadmium, arsenic and zinc. Almost in all samples, except for one sample, cadmium was found, but at the same time it did not exceed 0.3 MPC. The maximum value was determined in samples from the Kashagan field. Arsenic was found only in 3.4% of samples, mainly in deep-water areas of the Kalamkas field, in which the content did not exceed 1.3 MPC. The zinc content was found in most samples with no excess of more than 0.3 MPC. The rest of the elements are high and highly high in content such as mercury, lead, vanadium, chromium, copper, nickel, and iron. The content of mercury was found in the samples over 1%, but with an excess of 10 to 47 MPC. The content of lead was found in the samples over ten percent, with an excess of 11 to 60 MPC. Vanadium was found in samples of about 20%, with an excess in the range of 2-6 MPC. Chromium was found in most samples with an excess of 3 to 29 MPCs at Kalamkas in 2014 and Kashagan in 2019. Copper content was found in samples of about 90%, with high concentrations at Kashagan in 2006 and 2010 up to 10-38 MPC. Nickel is found in most samples with a level of 0.9-1.1 MPC. The content of iron was found in more than 10 percent of samples with an excess of 15-60 MPC with a decrease of almost 3 times from 2006-2010 to 2011-2019.

Monitoring of water bodies as a technology for sustainable development

To achieve the goals of sustainable development, environmental monitoring of water bodies is considered as a modern technology for sustainable development in the field of clean water and a tool for the rational use of water resources. The works of the participants of the Baltic scientific and engineering competition on environmental monitoring, assessment of the ecological state of water bodies are analyzed. Biological purification of water bodies is not unlimited. When the intensity of the intake of pollutants exceeds the sanitary capabilities of water bodies, the ecosystem is destroyed. A set of measures for the environmental safety of river water is outlined. Reducing pollution, refusal from unauthorized dumping of waste, untreated wastewater are considered as means of improving water quality. Based on the review of competitive projects, priority measures were proposed to ensure the sustainable development of territories, including the conduct of massive information and educational projects, the implementation of internal control of the cleanliness of coastal zones of water bodies, and continuous environmental monitoring of water bodies.

Velocity distribution in a turbulent flow

The article considers the issue of velocity distribution in a turbulent flow. The logarithmic velocity profile obtained on the basis of semiempirical theory of turbulence by L. Prandtl is given. A comparison of the calculations of the velocity distribution for various dependencies with the measurement data is performed. It is shown that the calculated dependencies show discrepancy with each other and experimental data. The study of the hydraulic characteristics of water flows is required to solve problems of water supply and water disposal, engineering problems of hydraulic construction, regulation of riverbed processes and environmental monitoring of water bodies. The characteristics of the turbulence of a uniform and uneven flow need to be clarified, that will be possible due to the study of the theoretical background of hydraulics and hydrodynamics. Despite the usage of modern computer technologies, the creation of an actual theory of turbulence is still not complete. The separation of the fluid motion into molar and basic motion led to a non-closed system of equations of turbulent motion, that slowed down further progress in the search for a solution for turbulent flow. The most widely used theory is the semi-empirical theory of turbulence by L. Prandtl, based on a phenomenological approach that links turbulence with the characteristics of the averaged flow. The use of modern technology has allowed us to obtain new experimental data that require analysis and generalization. The calculated dependences for the velocity distribution developed on the basis of various phenomenological models, including the well-known logarithmic profiles of L. Prandtl, are compared with the measurement data. The calculations of the velocity distribution for various dependencies are compared with the measurement data. A significant quantitative, and sometimes qualitative, discrepancy of the calculated dependences with each other and with the experimental data was revealed. The discrepancy between the results of calculating the velocity distribution for different dependencies requires an additional critical analysis of the accuracy and reliability of the experimental data of other authors and performing experimental studies under different conditions using a mutually agreed method. The low effectiveness of the considered statistical approaches leads to the need to develop new approaches that represent a combination of some theoretical concepts and experimental data.

Fluorescence methods for investigation of cyanobacterial communities during environmental monitoring of water bodies

The applicability of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) for environmental monitoring of water bodies is demonstrated on several examples. Such CLSM methods as spectral imaging and microscopic spectroscopy of living cyanobacterial cells are considered. It is shown that fluorescence spectroscopy application can facilitate time-consuming process of taxonomic analysis of field samples and to make monitoring of water bodies during cyanobacterial blooms, on-line.

Ecological state of aquatic biocenoses in the streams of the Kola basin, Barents Sea

The ecological state of freshwater ecosystems is essential because they are actively used in human economic activities. As the habitats of valuable commercial fish species deteriorate, their population decreases rapidly. Therefore, environmental monitoring of water bodies, markedly affected by human activities, contributes to efficient natural resources management. Thus, analysis of recent data on the state of river ecosystems in the Kola Bay basin is of great interest. It shows the current state of biocenoses in some of the streams flowing into Kola Bay of the Barents Sea, an environmentally unsafe area on the Kola Peninsula. Studies have shown that in spite of ongoing human activities in the Kola Bay watershed, the state of the ecosystems in local streams generally remains satisfactory. The distribution density of Atlantic salmon juveniles in the tributaries of the Nizhnetulomsky Reservoir varies from 20 to 70 juv./100 m2. The distribution indices of trout in the River Bolshaya Lavna vary from 5 to 65 fish/100 m2 and those in streams from 10 fish/100 m2 (Goryachev Brook) to 18 fish/100 m2 (Tretiy Brook). The main factor which negatively affects the reproduction of diadromous fish species is hydrolic construction which results in the decrease of the Atlantic salmon, sea trout and whitefish stock. To efficiently maintain the ecosystems of the streams, the construction of fish-screening structures, the river channels should be recultivated and the artificial reproduction of valuable fish species should be launched.

ВЛИЯНИЕ РАЗРУШЕНИЯ БЕРЕГОВ И ОБЩЕГО ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЯ НА ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ ПРОЗРАЧНОСТИ ВОДЫ И СОКРАЩЕНИЯ БИОМАССЫ БЕНТОСНОГО СООБЩЕСТВА В ЗАПАДНОЙ ЧАСТИ ЮЖНОГО КАСПИЯ

Aim . As a result of fluctuations in water level, waves, circulation, rise and fall of the water levels there are constant partial erosion and leaching of soil banks in water bodies, with intensive ongoing pollution of the waters of the Caspian Sea, which we have seen in recent decades, and in the long run may dangerously affect the transparency of the water and reduction of biomass of the benthic community in the western part of the South Caspian Sea. The paper presents the results of the last 60 years of monitoring studies to determine the nature of transparency, depth of the euphotic layer, the primary production of phytoplankton photosynthesis, phytoand zoobentos biomass and destruction of organic matter in the coastal western shelf of the South Caspian. Methods. In the course of research, modern methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis were used, regulated by normative documents, duly approved for environmental monitoring of water bodies. Results. Studies have shown that since the second half of the 90’s, the mainland coast strip is strongly deformed, starting from the village of Shihva to Kura area, further from the south of the village of Narimanabada to Astara. Dozens of artificial coves, bays, islands were created with clay-soil mounds. Conclusions. A huge mass of clay and soil goes to the coastal waters of the western shelf as a result of the destruction of the structure of the coasts due to waves and wind, resulting in clastic particles in the water increased by 2.5 3 times, the transparency of the water in the area of 5-10 m depth contours is reduced by more than 2 fold, increasing the degradation 1.6 times. During this period, because of the intensity of sedimentation and the overall pollution in the study area, phytobenthos has almost disappeared and flowering has been reduced by 7580%. Zoobenthos has been badly damaged and biomass of bento detritivorous organisms has also been reduced.