Environmental Health Requirements Research Articles

Comprehensive Public Place Sanitation Evaluation Based on the Complete Component in Community-Based Total Sanitation

Purpose: This study addresses the need for comprehensive analysis of sanitation in public places in Indonesia, particularly focusing on community behavior aspects based on the complete components of Community-Based Total Sanitation (STBM). Recognizing the limitations of previous research, which primarily focused on sanitation facilities and affordability, the research aims to provide a holistic evaluation of public place sanitation to better understand the implementation of sanitary community behavior. Methods: The evaluation of public place sanitation is conducted in various facilities including traditional markets, terminals, stations, and educational institutions such as Islamic boarding schools in Surabaya. A sanitation-inspection instrument, developed based on government regulations, is utilized for the evaluation process. The assessment focuses on different aspects such as physical condition, garbage disposal, bathroom and toilet facilities, waste water disposal, parking, construction, firefighting provisions, medical facilities, and handwashing facilities. Results and Discussion: The findings reveal areas requiring improvement in public place sanitation across different facilities. Railway stations and bus stations exhibit deficiencies in the physical condition of external buildings, garbage disposal, bathroom and toilet facilities, and waste water disposal. Islamic boarding schools necessitate enhancements in parking lots, construction, firefighting provisions, medical rooms, and handwashing facilities. Traditional markets require improvements in construction, clean water supply facilities, firefighting provisions, and medical rooms. The study emphasizes the importance of managerial commitment to enforcing sanitary conditions to meet environmental health requirements in public places. Implications of the Research: The research outcomes have implications for public health policymakers, facility managers, and stakeholders involved in environmental health management. By identifying areas for improvement in public place sanitation, the study provides actionable insights for enhancing community health and well-being. The findings underscore the significance of effective sanitation management practices and highlight the role of stakeholders in ensuring compliance with sanitation standards and regulations. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the existing literature by offering a comprehensive evaluation of public place sanitation based on the complete components of STBM in Indonesia. By addressing the gap in research focusing solely on sanitation facilities and affordability, the research provides a holistic perspective on community-based sanitation behavior. The findings offer practical implications for improving sanitation practices in public places, ultimately enhancing environmental health and community well-being.

Implementation Of Laundry Management Linen Management At Rsi Unisma Malang

Medical services cannot be successful if they are not supported by medical support services and non-medical support services. The laundry unit is a non-medical support unit that provides linen services, especially to inpatients. Laundry unit that manages hospital linen, especially linen which is used as equipment for inpatient beds.This research is qualitative research with descriptive phenomenology. Research data was collected through questionnaires, in-depth interviews and observations. The subjects of this research were laundry officers and medical support managers at the Unisma Malang Islamic Hospital.The results of the research show that the management of laundry linen at the Sterilization Center Installation at the Unisma Islamic Hospital in Malang, starting from the transportation, drying, ironing, distribution and storage stages, is in accordance with the Hospital Environmental Health requirements, while at the collection stage it complies with or does not meet the requirements of Ministry of Health Regulation Number 07 of the Year 2019 concerning Hospital Environmental Health.It is recommended that hospitals, especially laundry units, adapt their SOPs to Ministry of Health Regulation Number 07 of 2019 concerning Hospital Environmental Health. For laundry unit staff, training and supervision needs to be carried out so that staff performance is in accordance with procedures and to break the chain of infection due to poor handling of linen. or not suitable.

Quality of Liquid Waste at the General Hospital in Makassar

Hospital waste is all waste produced by hospital activities and other supporting activities. Considering the impacts that may arise, good management efforts are needed including tools and facilities, finances and organizational procedures that are determined with the aim of obtaining hospital conditions that meet environmental health requirements. The research used was observational with a descriptive approach, namely to determine the quality of liquid waste in hospitals in Makassar. This research was conducted from 20 to 27 June 2021 at the Hospital in Makassar. The population is liquid waste in hospitals in Makassar in 2021. The sample in this study is hospital effluent waste in Makassar in 2021. Waste water that is not handled properly will result in negative impacts, especially for health, so it needs good management so that when it is disposed of in A certain area does not cause pollution which is supported by the wastewater treatment plant (IPAL) owned by the hospital itself. It was concluded that the DO levels in the liquid waste produced were at a vulnerable level. The BOD level in liquid waste in the morning is at a moderate level and in the afternoon it is at a heavy level. COD levels in Makassar liquid waste in the morning are at moderate levels and in the afternoon at heavy levels. TSS levels in liquid waste in the morning are at moderate levels and in the afternoon they are at heavy levels. The pH level in liquid waste meets the requirements. TEMPERATURE levels in liquid waste meet the requirements.

Analysis of Availability and Condition of Basic Sanitation Facilities in Hato-Luli Hamlet

Sanitation is an effort to monitor several factors of the physical environment so as to prevent the emergence of diseases that affect humans, especially on things that have detrimental effects on physical development, health and human survival. Some environmental health requirements that every family must have to meet their daily needs are known as basic sanitation which includes the provision of clean water, family latrine facilities, garbage disposal facilities, and wastewater disposal facilities. Therefore, the availability and condition of these facilities need to be considered. Analysis of the availability and condition of basic sanitation facilities in Hato-Luli Hamlet, Maubisse Kota Village, Maubisse District, Ainaro Regency, Timor-Leste. The results showed that the source of drinking water contained in Hato-Luli Hamlet consisted of 72.2% piped water, 20.8% well water, and 6.9% from other sources of river / gutter water. The condition of the latrine, which uses 66.67% water, does not use 29.17% water and other types 4.17%. Judging from the cleanliness condition of clean latrines 33.3%, less clean 63.9%, dirty 2.8%. Which has a trash can 56%, owns and does not use 41%, does not own 67.4%. The data shows that the percentage of not having landfills is still high at 67.4%. Environmental sanitation conditions in Hato-Luli Hamlet, Maubisse Kota Village, Maubisse District, Ainaro Regency are said to be not good, judging from the indicators of latrine conditions, wastewater sewerage conditions, garbage dump conditions, and healthy house conditions have not met health requirements because there are still people who do not know the importance of maintaining environmental sanitation.

Legal Aspects Of Prima Ternate Hospital Waste Management For Environmental Pollution Prevention

Introduction: Hospitals have an important role in providing health services to the community and recovery for patients. Besides positive hospital activities, there are also hospital activities that have negative consequences such as producing medical waste and non-medical waste. Methods: The research method used is empirical legal research by conducting observations and interviews in the field Garbage or hospital waste is considered to be a link in the spread of infectious diseases. Result: Waste can cause health problems, injury and environmental pollution because it contains toxic chemicals and sharp objects. Discussion: This study aims to analyze and evaluate waste management at Prima Ternate Hospital in the context of preventing environmental pollution. showed that the greater the waste generated by Prima Ternate Hospital, the greater the potential to pollute the environment. Consclussion: Therefore, the implementation of good hospital waste management is very necessary to get a hospital condition that meets environmental health requirements.

UV Room Sterilizer Automatic Motion Light Pole Based on Time Setting with Internet of Things Android Application

Sterile air is very important and has become a health standard in hospitals. In accordance with the Decree of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No. 1204/MENKES/SK/SK/X/2004 concerning Hospital Environmental Health Requirements. UV Room Sterilizer is a tool used to reduce the number of germs in the air. However, UV C rays when exposed directly to parts of the human body can cause acute and chronic health problems on the skin, eyes, and other organs. The author makes a design for a UV sterilizer that is more safety, namely by controlling the timing and starting the tool using Android. This tool also has an hour meter that functions as a UV lamp on-lamp-state reminder. The results of the tool suitability test have a time correction value of 0.81% 1.12% and a relative error of 0.0049% 0.0198%. In the tool that has been made the UV intensity produced on average is 90.3µwatt/cm2 at 200 cm, which means the tool is feasible and in accordance with BPFK standards. The UV room sterilizer that the author made in 1 hour in a 6×4-meter room can reduce the number of germs by 42.02% by 79 CFU/m³.

THE EFFECT OF WORKING ENVIRONMENT ON SPECIALIST PHYSICIANS’ PERFORMANCE AT MEDAN TEACHING HOSPITAL

The condition of work environment (patient room) is often out of concern to the management so that they do not meet the requirements of Regulation of Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia (Permenkes) No. 1204 of 2004 concerning Hospital Environmental Health Requirements. It will have implications for the performance of the doctor (specialist). This study aimed to describe the conditions of the work environment (temperature, lighting, and dust) and the doctor's performance and the relationship between the work environment and the doctor's performance. This research was a quantitative study with a cross sectional design. The research was conducted in 3 teaching hospitals in Medan, namely H. Adam Malik Hospital, dr. Pirngadi and RSU USU during April - November 2018. The study population was 236 people with a sample of 22 people taken using incidental sampling technique. The data obtained by measuring the conditions of the work environment (temperature, lighting, and dust) and interviews using a questionnaire to measure the performance of doctors. Data analysis used Fisher's Exact Test. The results showed that there was no influence of work environment conditions on the doctor's performance, however the temperature and lighting conditions did not meet the requirements. Meanwhile, the temperature of the work room affected the behavior of doctors. Thus, the hospital management needs to take corrective action on working environment conditions by replacing old air conditioners or regularly maintaining air conditioners, setting up a barrier against noise sources, and replacing the bulb with a lighter intensity. The medical committee needs to regularly supervise the work of doctors so that their performance is achieved according to the target.

Faktor Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan Di Sekolah Dasar Kabupaten Padang Pariaman

School conditions that do not meet environmental health requirements are a threat to students and school members to be affected by health problems and infectious diseases. The purpose of this study was to analyze risk factors for environmental health at SDN 13 Batang Gasan and the potential health problems that would arise. This research is descriptive, with the population is the facilities and infrastructure and all students of SD Negeri 13 Batang Gasan, totaling 82 people. Data analysis was performed using environmental health risk factor analysis, namely providing answers about the risks that will arise, by dividing 6 risk criteria, namely very high (> 80%), high (60% -79%), moderate (40% -59%), low (20% -39%), very low (1% -19%) and safe / not risky (0%). The results of the study prove that the level of environmental health risk in Public Elementary School 13 is high (65%). It is suggested that schools need to make efforts to control risk factors.

Analisis Ketercapaian Persyaratan Kesehatan Lingkungan Industri di PT X

Kesehatan lingkungan dan industri memiliki keterkaitan yang akan berdampak pada kesehatan pekerja, produktivitas kerja maupun hal-hal lain yang mendukung efektivitas dan efisiensi bagi industri, adapun beberapa komponen seperti media tanah, air, pangan, sarana, bangunan, serta vektor dan binatang pembawa penyakit merupakan aspek dan persyaratan kesehatan lingkungan industri. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis ketercapaian persyaratan kesehatan lingkungan industri di PT X, mengacu pada Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 70 tahun 2016. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Januari hingga Februari 2020, menggunakan desain deskriptif kualitatif. Peneliti menggali informasi melalui wawancara kepada 10 orang informan dan melengkapi dengan observasi. Informan yang dipilih adalah karyawan di unit K3LH, karyawan di unit pemeliharaan, karyawan di bagian catering, manager unit K3LH, manager unit pengadaan infrastruktur dan manager bagian catering. Teknik analisis menggunakan analisis kualitatif pada hasil penilaian menurut instrumen yang digunakan. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa upaya persyaratan kesehatan lingkungan di PT X telah mencapai 89% dari total keseluruhan instrumen yang dianalisis. Hal ini terjadi dikarenakan masih terdapat beberapa komponen yang belum memenuhi persyaratan, seperti IPAL, sarana penghematan air, sarana laktasi, sarana merokok, fasilitas untuk difabel, dan bangunan yang rapat serangga. Rekomendasi yang diberikan adalah dengan memperbaiki dan menambah beberapa sarana terkait persyaratan kesehatan lingkungan yang belum tersedia untuk kemudian dilakukan penilaian kembali secara berkala.

PENGELOLAAN LINEN RUMAH SAKIT DAERAH dr. ADNAAN WD PAYAKUMBUH SUMATERA BARAT

<p><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>The organization of environmental health of the hospital is carried out according to the environmental health requirements of the hospital. One of the supporting factors for hospitals in restoring patient health is the provision of linen. Regional General Hospital Dr. Adnaan WD Payakumbuh is a type C regional hospital. Linen infectious and non-infectious patients used ex-patients or former health service activities are produced every day and no sorting of infectious and non-infectious linen is not done. Washing linen uses 1 washing machine to wash all types of linen, does not have a linen carriage storage room, coordination of linen staff with other parts, especially in repairing facilities and equipment is not optimal, linen managers still do not use personal protective equipment (PPE). This study aims to determine the description of linen management at Adnaan WD Payakumbuh Hospital. The research is descriptive with an observation approach. The research instrument used a checklist and measurements referring to the Kepmenkes RI No 1204 in 2004. The data were analyzed descriptively in the form of tables and percentages. The results of the 80% linen washout, 100% linen collection stage, 100% transportation stage, 100% acceptance stage, 100% washing stage, 80% storage stage, and 100% distribution stage fulfilled the requirements.</em></p><p><em>Keywords: infection, non-infection, linen, hospital</em><em></em></p>

Identification of Legionella, Indoor Air Quality and Employee Sick Building Syndrome Complaints in Installation of Blood Transfusion- Dr. Soetomo Hospital

Indoor air pollution was one of the factors causing global health problems because most people do activities in the room contaminated by pollutant materials. AC system was one of the factors that influence the air quality of the room. Improper maintenance to central air conditioning that was potentially as a breeding place for pathogenic microorganisms such as Legionella bacteria and decrease indoor air quality causing health problems of workers that is sick building syndrome. The purpose of this research was to know the existence of Legionella pathogen bacteria, indoor air quality such as physical and air bacteria number and sick building syndrome complaints on the officer at Blood Transfusion Installation of Dr.Soetomo Hospital. This study was an observational study with cross sectional study design and the results are compared with Minister of Health Decree No.1204 / Menkes / SK / X / 2004 about environmental health requirements of hospitals and Permenkes RI No.83 of 2014 about Blood Transfusion Unit. The results of identification in the water distribution system for clean water and AC Central using BCYE culture method was not found Legionella bacteria. The result of the measurement of the number of airborne germs has fulfilled the health requirements according to Minister of health Decree No.1204 / Menkes / SK / X / 2004 Environmental Health Requirements of hospital but the result of physical quality (temperature and humidity) was more than standart RI Minister of health Decree No.1204 / Menkes / SK / X / 2004 and Rule of Health Minister No.83/2014 about Blood Transfusion Unit. The result of this study showed that 84% staffs get sick building syndrome complaint. The most sick building syndrome complaints were dry eye (66,7%) and nasal congestion (61,9%).

Higiene Sanitation Management of Food and The Existence of Bacteria in The Food in RSUD Dr. Harjono Ponorogo

Hygienic and healthy food into the basic principles of the organization of food in hospitals. Food service hospital dedicated to the sick and at risk of pathogen contamination of germs. Implementation of food in the hospital must comply with Kepmenkes Decree No. 1204/Menkes/SK/X/2004 on Environmental Health Requirements Hospital. The purpose of this study is the management of food hygiene sanitation Identify at Hospital Dr. Harjono Ponorogo. This study is a descriptive observational. Object of the research officer food handlers, food hygiene, sanitation management, and food microbiological test (examination of E. coli and Salmonella). Collecting data using questionnaires, observation sheets, and test laboratory. Hygiene of food handlers who do not qualify the use of personal protective equipment, training of hygiene sanitation, and health screening. Sanitation management of food that does not qualify the quality of food, the food processing and presentation of food, while 9 samples prepared food laboratory test results 5 (55.6%) positive samples of E. coli. The conclusions in Hospital Dr. Harjono Ponorogo increase efforts to hygiene of food handlers and food sanitation management. Expected medical examination should be routinely expected 2 times a year, improving sanitation facilities that support the management of food hygiene, as well as water proofing regularly twice a year.

The role of environmental health in the Basotho male initiation schools: neglected or restricted?

The aim of this paper is to point the Environmental Health (EH) profession in South Africa in the direction of their neglected function. The health inspection of initiation schools is one of the abandoned responsibility of EH profession in South Africa. This is due to fear of interfering with the traditional value systems and thus resulting in significant non-compliance to EH norms and standards. Little information is available on the compliance rate of EH requirements in the African traditional initiation schools. South African National Department of Health states that EHPs have an obligation to protect the health, safety and well-being of citizens from the environmental determinants, and this is achieved through enforcing the health requirements. In terms of the norms and standards for EH, health education in initiation schools should form an integral part of monitoring and evaluation, and this is found under the health surveillance of premises. The main argument raised by this paper is negligence of EHPs to conduct EH inspections at the Basotho male initiation schools and to promote health in support of the constitution of South Africa. Negligence of EHPs to perform their duties result in deaths and fatal injuries among initiates and this indicates the need for health promotion and EH research in the Basotho male initiation schools.

Analisis Pengaruh Intensitas Penerangan Pada Laboratorium Dan Bengkel Jurusan Teknik Elektro

Lighting is one of the most important components in planning a building. To do all the activities that exist in the room of a building then needed a sufficient intensity of lighting, so that it can be carried out with maximal especially related to work practices conducted in the laboratory for the purposes of teaching and learning process. Lighting in the room when viewed from the quality is a strong illumination or lighting level is required where for different types of activities will require different levels of illumination. The results of this study is based on the use of light intensity in the laboratory and workshop through a measurement of the intensity of room lighting using SNI 16-7062-2004 standard and calculate the electrical energy it uses. Measurement of landing intensity was measured using lux meter measuring instrument. Measurements are done at 09.00, 12.00 and 15.00. The room is in accordance with the standard of environmental health requirements of office and industrial work with an area of 118.80 m2 has a lighting intensity (E) of 183.82 lux. While the intensity of illumination (E) 20.85 - 85.44 lux is recommended for the addition of the number of points of light

The concentration of radon gas in air-conditioned indoor Air quality can increase the potential of lung cancer

Research has been conducted on the concentration of radon gas in air quality in air-conditioned rooms that can increase the potential for lung cancer. Indoor air quality is influenced by factors such as room occupants, material buildings, equipment and furniture in the room, contamination of pollutants from the outdoor air, seasonal influences, lighting, temperature, humidity, indoor noise, and ventilation. In addition, indoor air quality can be affected by radon gas. The concentration of radon gas is relatively high compared to other natural radionuclides. It is estimated that around 55% of the radionuclide concentration in nature comes from radon gas and is the largest source of radiation received by the world population, which is around 1.3 mSv/year. Based on the Risert of the National Institute of Occupational Health and Safety (NIOSH), America in 1997 as many as 52% of respiratory diseases associated with sick building syndrome stemmed from a lack of ventilation in the room and poor AC room performance, thus increasing the potential for lung cancer. The method used in this study is to determine the physical quantity and concentration of the radiation dose of radon gas in the room. The results show that air quality in terms of temperature, humidity, and noise is significantly still in compliance with environmental health requirements according to Kepmenkes No. 1405/Menkes/SK/XI/2002. But the lighting in the room has not been significantly fulfilled. Rooms with gypsum ceilings increase radiation doses and air-conditioned rooms can accumulate radiation doses evenly in the room.

KUALITAS UDARA RUANG PERAWATAN PENYAKIT MENULAR DI RUMAH SAKIT PARU SURABAYA TAHUN 2016

Infectious disease treatment rooms are places with a high risk of the transmission of diseases and nosocomial infections. Therefore, there is a need for good environmental quality, either in terms of air quality, and room construction condition, cleaning process and number of occupant density. The study was a descriptive study aimed at describing the air quality of infectious disease treatment rooms in Lung Hospital Surabaya in 2016. Data were collected by means of observations, interviews, measurements and calculation of the airborne bacterial index. CFU/m3Results showed that the airborne bacterial index of inpatient rooms was 1030 CFU/m and >2628 CFU/m3 for Dahlia Room 1, Dahlia Room 2 and Pear Room, respectively. Room temperature was 29.8°C, 30.5°C and 30.9C for Dahlia Room 1, Dahlia Room 2 and Pear Room, respectively. Room humidity was 69%, 65% and 65% for Dahlia Room 1, Dahlia Room 2 and Pear Room, respectively. Room air velocity was eligible for Dahlia Room 1 and Dahlia Room 2 at 0.49 m/s and 2 0.18 m/s respectively, but It was not so for Pear Room at 0.89 m/s. Room lighting was 62 lux, 26 lux and 81 lux for Dahlia Room 1, Dahlia Room 2 and Pear Room, respectively. In conclusion, the airborne bacterial index, temperature, humidity and lighting in Lung Hospital Surabaya in 2016 did not meet the requirements as defined in Decree of the Minister of Health No. 1204/Menkes/SK/X/2004 on Hospital Environmental Health Requirements. It iis recommended to improve the cleaning and maintenance process of those rooms in accordance with health procedures and to improve construction of the rooms which do not meet the requirements. Keywords : Room air quality, Hospital

Definition and adoption of a building code based on biological and ecological sustainability in the Local Health Authority 11 of Empoli (Tuscany Region, Central Italy): strengths and areas for improvement

Built environment is an important social determinant of health, but nowadays local health authorities (LHAs) have lost their competences in the issuing of building permits, especially since a new legislation introduced the possibility of personal declaration of conformity. They are also usually excluded from the urban planning process. At the same time, in recent years construction of buildings has been developed with insufficient regard to environmental health requirements, proper exposure to sunlight and winds, comfort, building materials, consumption of resources, and waste production. To deal with these issues, an interdepartmental working group was set up under the direction of the Department of Prevention of the LHA of Empoli (Tuscany Region, Central Italy), with members of the Regional Environmental Protection Agency, along with experts of the 15 Municipalities included in the LHA territory and members of other local institutions. The objective of the Working Group was to define and propose as mandatory a set of rules for local governments aimed at regulating construction activities according to criteria of environmental sustainability, eco-efficiency, comfort, and healthiness of living areas, at the same time encouraging the responsible use of natural resources, the reduction of energy consumption and the use of renewable energy sources in order to place environmental safety and health at the heart of all building activities. Experts of six Municipalities joined the working group and the regulation framework was adopted (and made legally binding) in 8 out of 15 Municipalities, with an almost complete overlap with participation in the working group. The active participation of experts, whose work consists in examining municipal building, permits, and declarations, has therefore marked the difference in the transition from theory to practice. The level of know-how attained by the participants and their motivation and enthusiasm have been so relevant in the whole project that we think this procedure could be successfully used in other fields of inter-institutional activities.

Management of clandestine drug laboratories: need for evidence-based environmental health policies.

Clandestine drug laboratories (CDLs) have been emerging and increasing as a public health problem in Australia, with methamphetamine being the dominant illegally manufactured drug. However, management and remediation of contaminated properties are still limited in terms of regulation and direction, especially in relation to public and environmental health practice. Therefore, this review provides an update on the hazards and health effects associated with CDLs, with a specific look at the management of these labs from an Australian perspective. Particularly, the paper attempts to describe the policy landscape for management of CDLs, and identifies current gaps and how further research may be utilised to advance understanding and management of CDLs and inform public health policies. The paper highlights a significant lack of evidence-based policies and guidelines to guide regulatory authority including environmental health officers in Australia. Only recently, the national Clandestine Drug Laboratory Guidelines were developed to assist relevant authority and specialists manage and carry out investigations and remediation of contaminated sites. However, only three states have developed state-based guidelines, some of which are inadequate to meet environmental health requirements. The review recommends well-needed inter-sectoral collaborations and further research to provide an evidence base for the development of robust policies and standard operating procedures for safe and effective environmental health management and remediation of CDLs.

Control parametrization and finite element method for controlling multi-species reactive transport in a circular pool

In this paper, we consider an optimal control problem for a cleaning program involving effluent discharge of several species in a circular pool. A computational scheme combining control parametrization and finite element method is used to develop a cleaning program to meet the environmental health requirements. A numerical example is solved to illustrate the efficiency of our method.

Control Parametrization and Finite Element Method for Controlling Multi-species Reactive Transport in an Underground Channel

In this paper, a cleaning program involving effluent discharge of several species in a one-dimensional underground channel is considered. Due to environmental health requirements, the outlet concentration of each species at any time during the entire cleaning activities has to be kept at a certain low level in order to offset the deteriorating effect of contaminant destruction. Thus, a computational scheme using combined control parametrization and finite element method is used to develop a cleaning program to meet the above environmental health requirements. Numerical examples have been used to illustrate the efficiency of our method.