Environmental Destruction Research Articles

An Experimental Study on Concrete Strength Optimization with Surkhi as

Concrete is a widely used construction material, with sand as key component. However, excessive extraction of sand has led to a significant environmental consequences, including erosion, ecological imbalance, habitat destruction, and water quality issues. This study aims to develop an economical and sustainable alternative to traditional sand-based concrete while maintaining its structural integrity. It explores the potential of using Surkhi (a waste product from burnt clay bricks) as a partial replacement of sand in concrete. For this study, 120 concrete cube samples were prepared in the laboratory.Concrete cubes of M20 and M25 grades were prepared using design and nominal mixes, with different proportions of Surkhi (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) and tested to evaluate the workability, cost-effectiveness, and compressive strength. Compressive strength tests were conducted on concrete cubes at 7 and 28 days to investigate their mechanical properties. The results shows that a 10% replacement of sand with Surkhi optimizes the strength and workability of concrete without compromising its performance, thus supporting sustainable construction practices. However, the negative impact in concrete strength due to addition of higher proportions of Surkhi should be carefully considered. Furthermore, a cost analysis indicates that replacing sand with Surkhi can help to reduce the production costs, while promoting its use as an eco-friendly alternative. The findings provides valuable insights into the potential of Surkhi to reduce environmental damage and costs without compromising performance at moderate replacement levels. However, further research is recommended to assess the long-term durability and structural integrity of Surkhi-based concrete in various applications.

MECHANISMS AND MEASURES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENERGY SOURCES IN ALGERIA IN LIGHT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the sustainable use of energy sources in Algeria, focusing on the need to improve the efficiency of managing non-renewable resources in light of increasing global energy consumption and its environmental impacts. Given that Algeria heavily relies on non-renewable energies, the research addresses the importance of enhancing the sustainability of these sources to align with global development goals. Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework discusses the role of energy in global economies, particularly emphasizing the environmental challenges posed by non-renewable energy sources. It explores concepts related to sustainable development, resource management, and the importance of aligning national energy policies with global sustainability standards. Methodology: The study utilizes a comprehensive review of existing literature and energy consumption data in Algeria. It assesses current resource management practices, explores policy frameworks, and identifies opportunities for improving energy efficiency and sustainability. The methodology includes both qualitative and quantitative analyses to provide a holistic understanding of the issue. Findings: The results indicate that Algeria's heavy reliance on non-renewable energy sources necessitates immediate action to improve resource management efficiency. The study highlights key areas where policy improvements can lead to more sustainable use of energy, ultimately contributing to long-term economic and environmental stability. Research, Practical & Social Implications: The study has significant implications for energy policy development in Algeria, offering insights into how the country can better manage its non-renewable energy resources. Practically, it suggests actionable strategies for improving energy efficiency and aligning with global sustainability goals. Socially, the research emphasizes the importance of addressing energy consumption patterns to reduce environmental harm and ensure sustainable development. Originality/Value: The value of the study lies in its focus on Algeria, providing context-specific insights into sustainable energy management. It highlights the urgent need for improving the efficiency of non-renewable resource use in a country that heavily depends on such sources, while offering practical recommendations for policy makers to foster sustainable development in the energy sector.

Environmental impact of large language models in medicine.

The environmental impact of large language models (LLMs) in medicine spans carbon emission, water consumption and rare mineral usage. Prior-generation LLMs, such as GPT-3, already have concerning environmental impacts. Next-generation LLMs, such as GPT-4, are more energy intensive and used frequently, posing potentially significant environmental harms. We propose a five-step pathway for clinical researchers to minimise the environmental impact of the natural language algorithms they create.

Effects of land use changes on local dust event in Urmia Lake basin

Land use change is an effective factor in climate change and global warming, which contributes to the carbon cycle, radiant energy balance, and dust production. Urmia Lake basin water balance in the Northwestern part of Iran is in a critical condition due to land use change, drought, and climate change. This process has led to the lake water area reduction and pronounced dust production. The satellite images indicate that from 1984 to 2017, 1433 Km2 rangelands and water area of the Urmia Lake basin decreased by more than 2906 Km2. The area of human settlement increased by 550 Km2, irrigated farmland and orchards, 804 Km2, and salty marsh, 3428 Km2. The outputs of the WetSpass hydrological model reveal the highest coefficient of evapotranspiration and interception variation in the East of Urmia Lake basin. The effects of these changes are observed in reduced soil moisture, increased salty marsh, and soft sediments as potential dust resources. During the study period, the frequency of dust days in the North and East of the lake increased 2.5-fold, while in the Southern and Western parts increased 6-fold. The results of the Pettitt Test indicate that these changes began to appear in 2007. The regression and correlation test confirm that salt marshes and soft sediments account for up to 75 %, and the decrease in the area of Urmia Lake for more than 64 % of the dust changes. The results of the assessments indicate the contribution of footprint in the destruction of the natural environment and the water balance of the lake basin. Revision of water resources management and environmental water rights of the lake, changes in the development strategy from agriculture to non-agriculture development based on lower water demand, and reduction of storage dams are among the recommended strategies to address this problem.

Study on the synergistic evolution of environment and industry-a case study of provinces along the yellow river basin

The ecological protection and high-quality development of the provinces along the Yellow River Basin have become a major national strategy in China. However, the synergistic development of the environment and industry within the basin still faces numerous challenges. Research studies on the synergistic evolution of industry with the environment are important to guide future development of the provinces. This paper combines panel data from eight provinces in the Yellow River Basin from 2011 to 2020, utilizes the Entropy Weight TOPSIS method to evaluate the growth index of subsystems, and then employs the L-V model to measure the interaction force and synergistic degree of the environmental and industrial subsystems in the provinces along the Yellow River Basin. Finally, it simulates the synergistic evolution paths of each province under different scenarios. The study shows that: 1. From 2011 to 2020, the synergy effects in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin exhibited an upward trend, while the synergy effects in the lower reaches demonstrated a downward trend. In the upper reaches, the shift was from mild non-synergy to mild synergy, in the middle reaches from mild non-synergy to strong synergy, and in the lower reaches from strong synergy to strong non-synergy. 2. The development model in the upper and middle reaches transitioned from a weakly beneficial relationship between industry and the environment to a mutually beneficial symbiotic model. In contrast, the lower reaches shifted from a mutually beneficial symbiotic model to a state of weak industrial benefits and strong environmental harm, ultimately reaching a state where both industry and the environment mutually harmed each other. 3. According to the forecast of industrial and environmental synergy for the next 30 years, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, and Shanxi provinces would benefit the most from adopting a mutually beneficial symbiotic model. However, as the development of a symbiotic model requires more external support and incurs higher costs, it is essential for each province to select its development model based on its own economic conditions. Based on this, this paper provides a theoretical basis for the development of the environment and industry in the provinces along the Yellow River Basin.

ECOLOGICAL DA’WAH STRATEGIES IN PROMOTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION IN AMBON CITY

<p>The purpose of this research is to provide an alternative solution for ecological-based Da’wah in the efforts to protect the environmental destruction in the city of Ambon. Ambon is a region surrounded by hills that are prone to disasters such as landslides and floods. Ecological-based da’wah is considered an alternative solution to instill environmental values in the community for environmental conservation.</p><p>This research is a qualitative descriptive type supported by quantitative data by using phenomenological approach. This research locates in the city of Ambon. Observation, interviews, questionnaires, documentation, and Delphi technique are used to collect the data related to the research questions. The data then are analyzed by using the following phases:  data reduction, data presentation, interpretation, and drawing conclusions.</p><p>The study identified at least five alternative solutions for ecological da’wah in environmental conservation efforts in Ambon, namely: implementation of <em>"dakwah bil hal"</em> (preaching by action), maximizing the use of media, changing preaching strategies, applying conservation concepts, and enforcing environmental laws. Among these solutions, it is found that the most effective alternative solution is the maximal use of media by publicizing the importance of preserving the environment. The implications of this research suggest that the government of Ambon, religious leaders, and environmental stakeholders should make efforts to use media to the fullest extent and educate the public about the environment through mass media or social media.</p><p><strong>Keywords: the city of Ambon, ecological based da’wah, environmental conservation.</strong></p>

Mechanism of vitamin C alleviating the immunotoxicity of 17α-methyltestosterone in Carassius auratus.

In recent years, the use of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has become increasingly common, leading to severe environmental pollution and harm to aquatic organisms. 17α-Methyltestosterone (MT) is a synthetic androgen that can cause immunotoxicity in aquaculture, affecting fish health. To address this issue, this study aimed to investigate the effect of Vitamin C (VC) on MT-induced immunotoxicity and determine the optimal VC supplementation. Carassius auratus was exposed to 50 ng/L MT and treated with 25, 50, and 150mg/kg VC for 7, 14, and 21 d. Morphological indicators, histological characteristics, hepatic antioxidant capacity, and immune-related gene expression were analyzed. Additionally, RNA-seq was performed on the liver tissues of the control, MT, and MT + 25mg/kg VC groups after 21 d. Results showed that, MT treatment significantly increased liver malondialdehyde content and inhibited immune-related gene expression (TNF-α, IL-8, INF-γ, IL-10, Caspase-9, and IGF-I), causing oxidative stress and immunotoxicity, leading to hepatic steatosis. However, supplementation with 25-50mg/kg VC effectively alleviated the MT-induced damage to the hepatic structure and immune system. RNA-seq revealed significant enrichment of differentially expressed genes in multiple signaling pathways, including the mTOR, MAPK, and Wnt pathways. In summary, 25-50mg/kg VC alleviated inhibitory effect of MT on immune-related genes in C. auratus liver, reducing MT-induced tissue damage. VC not only alleviated inflammation, oxidative stress, and immunotoxicity induced by MT through the regulation of the mTOR, MAPK, and Wnt signaling pathways, but also indirectly enhanced cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms by regulating the NRF2 pathway. This provides a theoretical basis for VC application in aquaculture, improving fish health and increasing efficiency.

DESIGN OF A CAMERA-ENABLED MOBILE ROBOT FOR IN-PIPE INSPECTION

The role of pipeline infrastructure is crucial in modern society, as it transports necessary resources such as water, gas, and oil. It is essential to prioritize the maintenance of these pipelines to prevent leaks, environmental harm, and economic losses. Traditional inspection techniques, which involve manual inspection, can be inefficient, laborious, and susceptible to mistakes. To overcome these obstacles, this article introduces a camera-equipped mobile robot specifically created for automated crack detection in pipelines. The robot, which is equipped with a high-resolution camera and advanced image processing algorithms, navigates inside pipelines on its own to capture detailed images of the pipe walls. These images are then processed using computer vision techniques to identify and categorize potential cracks. The algorithms utilize machine learning models that have been trained on a dataset of labelled crack images, enabling accurate and efficient crack detection. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the robot system's design, development, and validation, detailing the critical hardware components such as the mobility platform, camera system, and sensor integration, as well as the software architecture, which encompasses image processing and machine learning frameworks. Field studies demonstrate the robot's ability to effectively detect cracks across various pipe materials and under diverse environmental conditions. Results indicate that the automated system not only improves inspection efficiency and accuracy but also significantly reduces the need for human intervention, thereby enhancing overall pipeline safety Keywords: pipeline inspection, crack detection, mobile robot, image processing, computer vision.

Advancements in Battery Materials: Bio-Based and Mineral Fillers for Next-Generation Solid Polymer Electrolytes.

The state-of-the-art all-solid-state batteries are expected to surpass conventional flammable Li-ion batteries, offering high energy density and safety in an ultrathin and lightweight solvent-free polymeric electrolyte (SPE). Nevertheless, there is an urgent need to boost the room-temperature ionic conductivity and interfacial charge transport of the SPEs to approach practical all-solid-state devices. Accordingly, loading filler grains into SPEs has been well-documented as a versatile strategy, promoting the overall electrochemical performance. In this era, using natural resources to extract filler additives has attracted tremendous attention to curb fossil fuel dependency. Also, there is a growing preference for materials that impose minimal environmental harm, are sustainable, and exhibit environmentally friendly characteristics. Therefore, mineral and biobased fillers, as natural-based additives, are strong candidates to replace traditional petroleum-based synthetic materials. Herein, we conduct a systematic investigation into the ion-transport mechanisms and fundamental properties of the filler-loaded SPEs. Additionally, recent advances in SPE architectures through embedding mineral and biobased fillers, as well as their hybrid compositions, are focused. Finally, the downsides and future directions are highlighted to facilitate further development and research toward revitalizing rechargeable battery-related technology. Overall, efficient methods for modifying SPEs through the use of natural resource organic and inorganic fillers are discussed, and technological advancements and related challenges are emphasized. Following the provided rational solutions to overcome major obstacles faced by SPEs, we hope to meet the demands of a greener future.

An AI-driven approach for modeling the compressive strength of sustainable concrete incorporating waste marble as an industrial by-product.

A key goal of environmental policies and circular economy strategies in the construction sector is to convert demolition and industrial wastes into reusable materials. As an industrial by-product,Waste marble (WM), has the potential to replace cement and fine aggregate in concrete which helps with saving natural resources and reducing environmental harm. While many studies have so far investigated the effect of WM on compressive strength (CS), it is undeniable that conducting experimental activities requires time, money, and re-testing with changing materials and conditions. Hence, this study seeks to move from traditional experimental approaches towards artificial intelligence-driven approaches by developing three models-artificial neural network (ANN) and hybrid ANN with ant colony optimization (ACO) and biogeography-based optimization (BBO) to predict the CS of WM concrete. For this purpose, a comprehensive dataset including 1135 data records is employed from the literature. The models' performance is assessed using statistical metrics and error histograms, and a K-fold cross-validation analysis is applied to avoid overfitting problems, emphasize the models' reliable predictive capabilities, and generalize them. The statistical metrics indicated that the ANN-BBO model performed best with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.9950 and root mean squared error (RMSE) of 1.2017MPa. Besides, the error distribution results revealed that the ANN-BBO outperformed the ANN and ANN-ACO with a narrower range of errors so that 98% of the predicted data points in the training phase by the ANN-BBO model experienced errors in the range of [-10%, 10%], whereas for the ANN-ACO and ANN models, this percentage was 85% and 79%, respectively. Additionally, the study employed SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis to clarify the impact of input variables on prediction accuracy and found that the specimen's age is the most influential variable. Eventually, to validate the ANN-BBO, a comparison was performed with the results of previous studies' models.

Effect of Nano-fertilizers in Wheat Crop Nutrition: A Review

The use of nano - fertilizers in wheat cultivation represents a promising approach to overcoming some of the inefficiencies and environmental challenges associated with conventional fertilizer practices. Traditional fertilizers often suffer from low nutrient use efficiency, leading to excessive application, nutrient runoff, and environmental harm. Nano fertilizers, due to their nano-scale size and enhanced reactivity, improve nutrient uptake by plants, leading to better growth, higher yields, and reduced nutrient wastage. Studies show that Nano formulations of both macronutrients (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) and micronutrients (like zinc and iron) can significantly enhance wheat productivity. Nano fertilizers not only increase crop yield but also reduce the overall cost of fertilizer application by minimizing nutrient loss and improving absorption by the plants.

Separation and utilization of lithium, magnesium, and boron resources from salt lakes through Ionic liquid extraction and CO2 mineralization

Salt lake is abundant in three crucial resources − lithium(Li), magnesium(Mg), and boron(B). The separation efficiency of these resources is low, the excessive use of acid and the environmental harm caused by the accumulation of magnesium source after Li+ extraction still exist. In this work, a new process of step-by-step extraction of B-Li and Mg mineralisation is proposed to separate the three resources. Boron was extracted using 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol (EHD) + kerosene, and it was found that the addition of FeCl3 could significantly improve the boron extraction rate(E). In the R(O:A) = 1:3, 40 %EHD + 60 %kerosene, adding 0.15 mol/L FeCl3, after three-stage countercurrent extraction, the E(B3+) reached 99 %, E(Fe3+), E(Li+) and E(Mg2+) less than 4 %. Tributyl Phosphate (TBP)-Ionic Liquids (ILs)-kerosene-FeCl3 system was used to extract Li+, the ILs and FeCl3 existed in the extraction process with a competitive behaviour. The extraction efficiency of lithium was improved by cationic [C4mim+] exchange reaction. Under the conditions of R(O:A) = 1:1, 5 %ILs + 65 %TBP + 30 %kerosene, three-stage extraction, the E(Li+) was reached 91 %. (NH4)2CO3 was used to mineralise the magnesium resources. Reaction temperature of 40 °C, the product was magnesium carbonate trihydrate(MgCO3·3H2O) with a smooth surface and rod-like structure, and the conversion rate reached 85 %. At 75 °C, the product was irregular spheroidal basic magnesium carbonate(4MgCO3·Mg(OH)2·5H2O) with a magnesium conversion of 91.7 %.

Innovative transparent silk-melamine formaldehyde film with enhanced corrosion resistance and high tensile strength for surface decoration

Transparent films with reduced light reflection and excellent wear resistance are crucial for applications that require anti-reflective properties without causing environmental harm. However, the preparation process of conventional anti-reflective films is relatively complicated. This paper proposes a simple method to prepare transparent film based on silk fabrics and melamine formaldehyde (MF) resins. The silk fabric's lattice structure serves as a frame, while the MF resin provides transparency and corrosion resistance as a functional filler. The resulting composite films, produced via hot pressing, exhibit excellent tensile strength (up to 617.4 MPa), anti-abrasion properties, and improved flexibility compared to pure MF films. Importantly, these films achieve a high transmittance (>85%) and a significant haze (ranging from 71.8% to 94.9%), with the silk fiber content primarily influencing scattering and haze levels while minimally affecting light transmittance. Additionally, the films demonstrate good pollution resistance and environmental friendliness, allowing contaminants to be removed after 5 h, and exhibit a TVOC emission of <0.1 mg/m3. These findings indicate that the developed composite films are promising candidates for wood surface decoration and applications that benefit from haze, such as anti-glare products. This work not only provides a straightforward method for creating flexible, anti-reflective transparent films utilizing natural fibers but also contributes to advancing sustainable practices in material design.

Greener lightweight foam concrete using seaweed industrial by-product to replace natural sand with inorganic salt as a stabilizer

In recent years, the seaweed industry has expanded, resulting in higher volumes of seaweed industrial by-products (SWB). People commonly dispose SWB on land, which raises environmental concerns due to its hazardous chemical content. The use of waste materials as alternatives to natural sand has gained attention due to its potential to reduce environmental impact. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a greener lightweight foam concrete (LFC) by incorporating 0-30% SWB as a replacement for natural sand in fine aggregates and evaluate its performance. Furthermore, the study investigated the inclusion of inorganic salt concentrations ranging from 0 to 15% into the concrete mixture to improve performance. The production, sampling, and testing procedures followed the SNI 8640:2018 standards. Properties like density, water absorption, drying shrinkage, and compressive strength were analyzed for SWB percentage (0-30%), salt concentration (0-15%), foaming pressure (0.20, 0.39, and 0.59 MPa), and curing duration (7, 14, and 28 days). Viable specimens were further examined for microstructure, energy intensity, CO2 emission, and production cost. Specimen FS5 met standards with a density of 707.1 kg/m3, compressive strength of 2.12 MPa, water absorption of 25.45% (v/v), and drying shrinkage of 0.13%. The energy intensity, CO2 emission, and total cost of greener LFC were calculated to be 159.88 MJ/m3, 188.98 kg of CO2/m3, and IDR 682,130/m3, respectively. Ultimately, this work greatly contributes to the field of green manufacturing and environmental sustainability by successfully decreasing energy intensity, CO2 emissions, and environmental harm in LFC production processes.

Regret about environmental destruction: Examining the relative strengths of affective regret and cognitive regret in promoting pro-environmental behaviors

Regret about environmental destruction: Examining the relative strengths of affective regret and cognitive regret in promoting pro-environmental behaviors

How Do Satellite Precipitation Products Affect Water Quality Simulations? A Comparative Analysis of Rainfall Datasets for River Flow and Riverine Nitrate Load in an Agricultural Watershed

Excessive nitrate loading from agricultural runoff leads to substantial environmental and economic harm, and although hydrological models are used to mitigate these effects, the influence of various satellite precipitation products (SPPs) on nitrate load simulations is often overlooked. This study addresses this research gap by evaluating the impacts of using different satellite precipitation products—ERA5, IMERG, and gridMET—on flow and nitrate load simulations with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool Plus (SWAT+), using the Tar-Pamlico watershed as a case study. Although agricultural activities are higher in the summer, this study found the lowest nitrate load during this season due to reduced runoff. In contrast, the nitrate load was higher in the winter because of increased runoff, highlighting the dominance of water flow in driving riverine nitrate load. This study found that although IMERG predicts the highest annual average flow (120 m3/s in Pamlico Sound), it unexpectedly results in the lowest annual average nitrate load (1750 metric tons/year). In contrast, gridMET estimates significantly higher annual average nitrate loads (3850 metric tons/year). This discrepancy underscores the crucial impact of rainfall datasets on nitrate transport predictions and highlights how the choice of dataset can significantly influence nitrate load simulations.

Assessment of Life Cycle and Environmental Impact Hotspots Associated with the Construction and Disposal of Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic Fishing (FRP) Boats in the Small-Scale Fishing Sector of India

Fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) is a durable thermosetting plastic widely used in small-scale marine boat building. The average life span of FRPsheathed boat is seven years, while that of FRP boat is 30 years. Once their service life ends, these boats are mostly abandoned in the coastal areas, leading to significant environmental harm. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) evaluates a product’s entire life cycle, from raw material production to disposal, covering all intermediate stages. This study examines the LCA of boats made from FRP as a primary material and the wood/plywood boats sheathed with FRP, along the coast of Kerala, focusing on construction, use, maintenance, and disposal phases.The carbon footprint of FRP boats during their life cycle is 35.31 kg CO2 equivalent, which is considerably lower than the 63.01 kg CO2 equivalent for sheathed boats when normalised for a period of one year. Although FRP boats, require 2.4 times more materials like glass fibers and resins for construction than sheathed boats, their overall environment impact is lower due to their four times longer lifespan. The LCA findings show that resin compounds as the major contributors to environmental impacts. The study evaluated boat disposal methods in India, revealing that open burning of FRP boats generates 1253.58 kg CO2 equivalent, while landfilling reduces it to 1065.3 kg CO2 equivalent, both posing environmental risks. In contrast, sheathed boats produce a much lower carbon footprint of 77.70 kg CO2 equivalent when landfilled but have a substantially higher footprint of 596.67 kg CO2 equivalent when burned. The results underscore the pressing need for sustainable disposal methods for the end-of-life FRP fishing boats to minimize ecological damage. The results of the study also highlight the importance of material selection and waste management in reducing the environmental footprint of boat construction and disposal. These insights are crucial for promoting sustainability in small-scale boat-building yards, offering a path forward for the industry to reduce its environmental impact while maintaining the durability and longevity of the fishing boats.

A review of the progress and developments of green chemistry

The purpose of this review is to present the progress and development of a fundamental field that aims to design chemical processes with as little adverse effect on the environment as possible. The paper discusses the relevance of changes in industries considering the impact of the conventional chemical industry on the environment, people, and resources, with pollution, toxicity, and depletion of the resources being alarming effects. Waste minimization as one of the ten principles of green chemistry, atom economy and safer solvents and auxiliaries, is also described in detail. In the best practice examples drawn from key industries such as Unilever and BASF, a positive approach toward integrating biodegradable materials and renewable resources is evident. Furthermore, new developments in the catalysis and biocatalysts techniques as well as innovative methods of carbon dioxide conversion are also explored to demonstrate that sustainability is a core direction of chemical transformations. Nevertheless, prospects are evident albeit constrained in economic, regulatory, and technical sectors. Overcoming these barriers is crucial to the complete realization of green chemistry in the industry and the scale-back of environmental harm. It is for this reason that the present review offers a final reflection on how both green chemistry and a circular economy can change various sectors and offer more sustainable solutions.

A dataset of drone-captured, segmented images for oil spill detection in port environments

The high incidence of oil spills in port areas poses a serious threat to the environment, prompting the need for efficient detection mechanisms. Utilizing automated drones for this purpose can significantly improve the speed and accuracy of oil spill detection. Such advancements not only expedite cleanup operations, reducing environmental harm but also enhance polluter accountability, potentially deterring future incidents. Currently, there’s a scarcity of datasets employing RGB images for oil spill detection in maritime settings. This paper presents a unique, annotated dataset aimed at addressing this gap, leveraging a neural network for analysis on both desktop and edge computing platforms. The dataset, captured via drone, comprises 1268 images categorized into oil, water, and other, with a convolutional neural network trained using an Unet model architecture achieving an F1 score of 0.71 for oil detection. This underscores the dataset’s practicality for real-world applications, offering crucial resources for environmental conservation in port environments.

Planning literature education in schools based on literary ecology

This study aims to describe how ecological values that emphasize environmental awareness can be incorporated into literature education in schools. This research is qualitative, using an ecocritical and collaborative approach. The results show that literature serves not only to entertain but also to educate and can be used to raise awareness among students by integrating ecological values into literature learning. The application of these values can be observed through the teaching of reading and writing literary works with themes about the current state of nature, the beauty of nature if undisturbed by human activity, how humans can protect the universe, and the consequences of environmental destruction for the survival of humanity and all it encompasses. This application can be implemented by adapting reading and writing materials to literary ecology within the Learning Objectives Flow, which will be developed in the Lesson Plan (RPP). It includes the use of learning resources aligned with the materials in the RPP, employing relevant learning media based on literature-based ecological reading and writing materials, and designing effective teaching methods suited to the material. By incorporating ecological values into literature education in schools, it is hoped that students will gain ecological awareness to contribute to saving the earth from further degradation.