Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map Research Articles

Analysis of Priority Conservation Areas Using Habitat Quality Models and MaxEnt Models.

This study investigated core habitat areas for yellow-throated martens (Martes flavigula) and leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis), two endangered forest species sensitive to habitat fragmentation in Korea. Overlaying the InVEST-HQ and MaxEnt models, priority conservation areas were identified by analyzing gaps in currently protected areas. The InVEST-HQ model showed that habitat quality ranged from 0 to 0.86 on a scale from 0 to 1, and the majority of the most suitable areas on the Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map, designated as grade 1, were derived correctly. The MaxEnt model analysis accurately captured the ecological characteristics of the yellow-throated marten and the leopard cat and identified probable regions of occurrence. We analyzed the most suitable yellow-throated marten and leopard cat habitats by superimposing the two results. Gap analysis determined gaps in existing protected areas and identified priority conservation areas. The core area (14.7%) was mainly distributed in forests such as the Baekdudaegan Mountains Reserve in regions such as Gyeongbuk, Gyeongnam, and Gangwon; 12.9% was outside protected areas, and only 1.8% was protected. The overlap results between protected and non-protected areas were compared with different land use types. Conservation priority areas were identified as those with more than 95% forest cover, offering an appropriate habitat for the two species. These findings can be used to identify priority conservation areas through objective habitat analysis and as a basis for protected area designation and assessment of endangered species habitat conservation, thereby contributing to biodiversity and ecosystem conservation.

공간 DBMS 기반의 국토환경성평가지도를 활용한 도시 확장 예측

공간 DBMS 기반의 국토환경성평가지도를 활용한 도시 확장 예측

국토환경성평가지도를 이용한 토지이용규제 완화지역 모니터링 방안

국토환경성평가지도를 이용한 토지이용규제 완화지역 모니터링 방안

국토환경성평가지도와 용도지역의 행위제한을 이용한 국토 관리 등급 제시

국토환경성평가지도와 용도지역의 행위제한을 이용한 국토 관리 등급 제시

정밀 임상도를 이용한 1:5,000 국토환경성평가지도 구축 가능성 검토

정밀 임상도를 이용한 1:5,000 국토환경성평가지도 구축 가능성 검토

A STUDY ON THE INTRODUCTION OF TOTAL NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SYSTEM USING THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION VALUE ASSESSMENT MAP

Abstract. The environmental impact assessment system and the environmental plan for the preservation of the land environment are carried out with the aim of preventing damage to the environment caused by human activities, improving the quality of life and creating a pleasant environment. However, despite these various systems, the natural resources have been continuously damaged, and the system to cope with them has been advanced, but there has been a limit to fully conserve natural resources from development. The total amount of natural resources is being promoted as a part of the purpose of supplementing the system, but the evaluation method of the total amount of natural resources suitable for domestic situation is not presented yet. Natural resources are diverse and complicated in their categories and elements, and their measurement units are also diverse, making it difficult to synthesize them into one unit. Therefore, in this study, we proposed a method to calculate the total amount by using the evaluation map of the Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map (ECVAM) which derives the final achievement with 5 grades using 65 evaluation items. However, we consistently applied the weight twice as much as the grade and did not utilize any information other than the map of ECVAM. The results of this study can be applied to the Total Natural Resources Management System through follow-up study such as application of various environmental information and weighting method.

Improvement in Legislative Assessment of the Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map Considering the Restriction on Acts of Special-Purpose Areas

Improvement in Legislative Assessment of the Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map Considering the Restriction on Acts of Special-Purpose Areas

국토환경성평가지도를 이용한 자연환경 우수지역 세분화 방안

국토환경성평가지도를 이용한 자연환경 우수지역 세분화 방안

국토환경성평가지도 기반 Gap 분석을 이용한 자연환경 우수지역 중 관리취약지역 추출

개발과 보전 간 갈등을 최소화할 수 있는 지속가능한 국토 관리를 위해서는 기본적으로 다양한 생물들의 서식처가 될 수 있는 자연환경 우수지역에 대한 관리가 이루어져야 한다. 자연환경 우수지역에 대한 효율적 관리를 위해서는 자연환경 우수지역 중에서도 법적·제도적으로 보호받지 못하고 개발에 노출된 지역들에 대해 지속적인 현황 파악의 노력이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 국토환경성평가지도의 환경생태적 평가 결과와 법제적 평가 결과를 활용한 Gap 분석을 통하여 환경생태적으로 자연환경이 우수하나 제도적으로 보호받지 못하는 관리취약지역을 추출하는 방안을 제안하고자 하였다. Gap 분석 결과, 전국토의 4.81%와 국토환경성 평가지도 환경생태적 평가 1등급 지역의 11.22%가 자연환경적으로 우수하나 제도적으로 보호받지 못하는 관리취약지역으로 분석되 었다. 그리고 이러한 대표지역들의 현황을 살펴본 결과, 국토의 계획 및 이용에 관한 법률상 자연녹지지역으로 지정되어 있었으며, 기타법률에 의거 준보전산지, 가축사육제한구역 그리고 인근 학교로 인한 상대보호구역으로 지정된 지역들이었으며, 이러한 관리 취약지역들은 여건만 조성된다면 개발이 발생할 수 있는 지역들이었다. 따라서 이러한 지역들의 보호를 위해 제도적으로 보호할 수 있는 관리 방안을 고려해야 한다. 그리고 이러한 자연환경이 우수한 관리취약지역의 제도적 관리와 보호 대책 마련을 통해 국내 생물다양성을 증진시키고 지속가능한 국토관리가 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

Morphological analysis of green infrastructure in the Seoul metropolitan area, South Korea

The purpose of this study is to understand changes in green infrastructure (GI) in the Seoul metropolitan area, South Korea, focusing on the critical GI components of hubs and links. We applied a morphological analysis tool, morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA), to explore GI in the Seoul metropolitan area. For input data to run MSPA, we used 30-m pixel-sized land cover data of 2000 and 2009 provided by the Ministry of Environment of Korea. Land cover data are used as foundational information for GI network mapping. Using MSPA, we examined morphological changes in hubs and links from 2000 to 2009 in the metropolitan area as well as in 32 municipalities in Gyeonggi-do, a major part of the metropolitan area. Our analysis showed that the area of hubs in the Seoul metropolis has decreased, while the number of links has dramatically increased, over this 10-year period. This implies that hubs have largely been fragmented into smaller ones with a rapid increase in links in a way that does not conserve and enhance GI. We also compared analysis of network area changes in the Seoul metropolitan area with the environmental conservation value assessment map (ECVAM) currently in use by the government to assess conservation value, and found that the network areas of 2009 mapped by MSPA corresponded to a 87.8 % level to the Grade I areas of the ECVAM, with variation by municipality. From these analyses, we conclude that MSPA is helpful in establishing conservation planning strategies optimized for local and regional contexts. The MSPA also provides a useful tool to complement the ECVAM for improving GI functions.

GIS 및 수치지도를 활용한 육상풍력발전단지 적지분석

In order to decide the location of appropriate onshore wind farm with higher potential wind energy, several decision processes using Geographic Information System (GIS) including Digital Elevation Map (DEM) were proposed and we also estimated the wind resources through the proposed decision process. Decision process consists with three steps. First step is excluding inappropriate location geographically using DEM data including SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) terrain data, landslide, land-use, roadway, and forest road data. And the second step of decision process is consideration of the difficulty caused by the natural environmental problem. This step is carried out using ECVAM (Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map) data. And final step is determination of the most suitable location through the Moving Suitability Identification Method (MSIM) based on the moving potentially estimated wind resources area. Proposed decision process was applied over the Korean Peninsula. Wind resource potential estimated by the first and the second step is cases shows 35.09 GW and 7.17 GW, respectively, and the total evaluated energy from the all proposed step were 0.43 GW and 1.87 GW for the 3 km and 1.5 km geographical grid size, respectively.

Method of Developing the Regional Ecological Network for Local Government using the National Ecological Network and the Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map

Method of Developing the Regional Ecological Network for Local Government using the National Ecological Network and the Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map

통합정보제공을 위한 공간정보 기반의 국내 능선축 구축

본 연구는 공간정보를 활용하여 국내 능선축을 구축하고, 주변 자연환경의 기초정보를 분석하여 관련 정보의 통합 제공체계를 구축하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 첫째, 국내 능선축(대간, 정맥, 지맥 및 기맥)을 공간정보로 구축하고 정립하였다. 둘째, 국내 능선축의 원류 및 분기 등의 현황을 체계적으로 분석하기 위하여 코드화를 수행하였다. 셋째, 기 구축된 능선축 주변의 자연환경(지형정보, 생태 자연도 및 국토환경성평가지도) 관련 공간정보를 활용하여 현황을 분석하였다. 넷째, 전술된 3가지 정보를 통합하여 활용하는 방안으로 Web GIS 기반의 능선축 통합정보제공 체계를 제안하고 기본 기능을 도출하였다. 지맥 및 기맥과 같은 능선축의 구축은 기존의 대간 및 정맥의 구축과정보다 세밀히 분석해야 하기 때문에 구축방법을 보다 개선하여 정확도를 높였다. 국내 능선축을 길이에 따라서 5개의 등급으로 구분하였으며, 능선축 자체의 연결된 현황 파악을 위하여 백두대간을 기반으로 분류체계를 코드화 하여 전체 능선축에 적용하였다. 또한 능선축 주변을 거리에 따라서 핵심, 완충, 중점으로 3가지 구분하고 주변의 기초 자연환경을 분석하였다. 이를 바탕으로 능선 축 관련 정보를 효율적으로 활용하기 위한 기본 방안을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서는 기존에 정규화 되지 못했던 국내 능선축을 공간정보를 활용하여 정리하고 분석하였다. 이를 바탕으로 능선축 관련 정보를 효율적으로 활용하기 위한 방안을 모색하기 위한 연구라고 할 수 있다. First purpose of this study is to build Korean mountain ridgelines based on GIS by using spatial information and analyze natural environment around mountain ridgelines built before. Second purpose of this study is to integrate Korean ridgelines and natural environment built before and then provide the integrated information related to ridgelines for public. To do so, fist of all, Korean mountain ridgelines including Deagan, Jeongmeak, Gimeak, Jimeak, are built as spatial information. Second, Encoding of mountain ridgelines is conducted to analyze main and divaricate ridgelines systematically as grades of ridgelines. Third, based on spatial information, present condition using natural environment including geographical information, ecological zoning map, environmental conservation value assessment map, is analyzed. Finally, as a method integrating and using the aforementioned three information, the system providing integrated information based on GIS is proposed, To build the GIS data of Gimeak and Jimeak, they should be analyzed in more detail than Beakdu Deagan and Jeongmeak, so existing methodology to build mountain ridgelines based on GIS is improved. According to the distance of each mountain ridgeline, they are separated into five grades, and encoding of each mountain ridgeline based on Beakdu Deagan is applied to all mountain ridgelines to figure out the present condition of ridgelines themselves. In addition, according to the distance of each mountain ridgeline, it is separated into three areas: core, buffer, median zone. Based on three zones, the way to make use of the information efficiently related to mountain ridgelines is proposed. This study systematizes Korean mountain ridgelines which did not have systematic structures and then analyzes systematic mountain ridgelines. Based on this analysis, this study finds the way to makes use of information related to mountain ridgelines effectively.

Evaluation of Inland Wind Resource Potential of South Korea According to Environmental Conservation Value Assessment

In order to analyze the effects of environmental regulation on wind power dissemination quantitatively, the country's inland wind resource potential has been estimated using the Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map and the South Korea Wind Resource Map. The evaluation matrix of wind resource potential is formed by classifying environmental regulations into strong, intermediate, and weak, and economic feasibility into high, middle, and low. The purpose is to estimate inland wind resource potential in order to mitigate the environmental regulation needed to attain the national dissemination target of wind power and determine the most suitable level of the incentive policy.

국토환경성평가에 의한 육상 풍력자원 잠재량 산정

In order to analyze the effect of environmental protection on wind energy dissemination quantitatively, the onshore wind resource potential is estimated using Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map and Korea Wind Resource Map. The onshore wind resource potential of 11 GW is calculated if wind farm development is prohibited within Class 1 area of Environmental Conservation Value Assessment plus 500 m buffer area. Therefore it is worried that environmental protection would be a practical barrier of accomplishing 4,155 thousand TOE target of wind energy dissemination until 2030.

사용자 만족도 조사를 통한 국토환경성평가지도 발전방안 연구

The purpose of this study is to work out strategy for utilization of Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map (ECVAM) using the user survey. It surveyed system users of ECVAM about its recognition and satisfaction. The results of the survey, the ECVAM became more popular and were highly satisfied with updated data. Especially, the study found a relationship between the satisfaction of ECVAM and accuracy, utilization, and convenience of the system. However, the satisfaction has a difference between user groups, a government official and a agent for EIA including researchers. The satisfaction of the agent group was affected by the convenience, the accuracy, and the utilization in order. In the other hand, the satisfaction of the government official group was affected by the utilization, the convenience, the accuracy, and recognition in order. Therefore, we need to adopt different strategies for educations of ECVAM and publicity activities depending on user groups. To increase the satisfaction of ECVAM, we should research not only to attain pinpoint accuracy, but also to suggest the guideline to utilize the map for a government official.

국토환경성평가지도 자연성 평가기준 개선

The Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map (ECVAM) is a five grade assessment map created with nationally integrated environmental information and environmental values. The map is made through the evaluation of 65 items, including greenbelt area and naturalness. Naturalness means original state of nature, and it is one of the most important evaluation items for conserving nature. The criteria of naturalness includes the Degree of Green Naturality (DGN) made by MOE. Using the data which has been not updated is a problem of accuracy for ECVAM. Therefore, this study would like to improve the criteria of naturalness. To improve the criteria, the study examined the effectiveness of DGN using field survey. The results of analysis the naturalness without DGN, some area changed grade of naturalness have been already damaged or cleared for agriculture and industrial purposes. The grade of naturalness should be included the concept of vegetation transition like DGN. The study suggested a improved method using vegetation type (natural and planted forest), forest age, and the grade of vegetation conservation. The method was reviewed by experts and field survey. After applying the method in South Korea, the grade of naturalness were distributed evenly like GradeI is 38.87%, GradeII is 37.62%, GradeIII is 23.51%, respectively. From the results of field survey, over 4 grade of forest age in natural forest showed similar pattern of structure and composition in original forests. Therefore, the improved criteria explained the naturalness better than existing criteria, and the accuracy of ECVAM has been improved more.

DMZ 일원 보전·이용지역 설정 및 가이드라인 수립 연구

In spite of the ecological value of the DMZ, there have not been established guidelines for sustainable conservation and use on the DMZ and adjacent area. In this study we suggested a method about zoning the conservation and utilization area considering environmental data and the characteristic of the DMZ region, and we make the guideline for conservation of the DMZ region based on the zone. Using 10 legal protection areas, the Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map (ECVAM) and the boundaries of the DMZ region, we evaluated this region into conservation areas, management areas, and utilization areas. The results showed that as much as 91.8% of the DMZ region was evaluated as conservation areas, 6.9% as management areas, and 1.3% as utilization areas. After consultation with experts we suggested management principles, the direction, and the guideline based on the planning process considering the evaluation map. The study suggests principles and guidelines for management, and the guidelines could be a effective tool for the sustainable conservation and management strategy of DMZ region.

Soil erosion risk in Korean watersheds, assessed using the revised universal soil loss equation

Summary Soil erosion reduces crop productivity and water storage capacity, and, both directly and indirectly, causes water pollution. Loss of soil has become a problem worldwide, and as concerns about the environment grow, active research has begun regarding soil erosion and soil-preservation policies. This study analyzed the amount of soil loss in South Korea over a recent 20-year period and estimated future soil loss in 2020 using the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE). Digital elevation (DEM) data, detailed soil maps, and land cover maps were used as primary data, and geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) techniques were applied to produce thematic maps, based on RUSLE factors. Using the frequency ratio (FR), analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and logistic regression (LR) approaches, land suitability index (LSI) maps were developed for 2020, considering the already established Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map (ECVAM) for Korea. Assuming a similar urban growth trend and 10-, 50-, and 100-year rainfall frequencies, soil loss in 2020 was predicted by analyzing changes in the cover-management factor and rainfall–runoff erosivity factor. In the period 1985–2005, soil loss showed an increasing trend, from 17.1 Mg/ha in 1985 to 17.4 Mg/ha in 1995, and to 20.0 Mg/ha in 2005; the 2005 value represents a 2.8 Mg/ha (16.6%) increase, compared with 1985 and is attributable to the increased area of grassland and bare land. In 2020, the estimated soil loss, considering the ECVAM, was 19.2–19.3 Mg/ha for the 10-year rainfall frequency, 36.4–36.6 Mg/ha for the 50-year rainfall frequency, and 45.7–46.0 Mg/ha for the 100-year rainfall frequency. Without considering the ECVAM, the amount of soil loss was about 0.4–1.6 Mg/ha larger than estimates that did consider the ECVAM; specifically, the values were 19.6–19.9 Mg/ha for the 10-year rainfall frequency, 37.1–37.8 Mg/ha for the 50-year frequency, and 46.7–47.5 Mg/ha for the 100-year frequency. In 2010, without considering the ECVAM, the soil loss was 0.3–1.8 Mg/ha more than that estimated when considering the ECVAM. These results indicate that if urban areas are developed such that they damage areas of high value, as defined environmentally and legislatively, the amount of soil loss will increase, whereas if such areas are preserved, erosion will decrease slightly. Thus, when planning urban development, the environmental and legislative value of preservation should be considered to minimize erosion and allow for more sustainable development.

Mapping urban growth probability in South Korea: comparison of frequency ratio, analytic hierarchy process, and logistic regression models and use of the environmental conservation value assessment

Rapid industrialization and economic growth in South Korea since the 1970s have resulted in severe environmental disturbance and pollution, problems aggravated by the imprudent expansion of urban areas. This paper analyzes and predicts urban growth patterns with the aim of contributing to more efficient urban planning. Urban growth probability index (UGPI) maps were prepared using the frequency ratio (FR), analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and logistic regression (LR) methods, with and without considering development restrictions based on the national environmental conservation value assessment map (ECVAM). Environmental and legal restrictions were associated with an average difference of 41.70% in conservation areas and an 81.32% average difference in agriculture and forest land use–land cover (LULC). Accuracy of the models was examined by area under the curve (AUC) analysis. Accuracies of UGPI maps produced with the ECVAM were higher than UGPI maps produced without the ECVAM. In addition, effectiveness and accuracy tests based on LULC showed that the UGPI maps produced with the ECVAM had a higher rate of accuracy that UGPI maps produces without the ECVAM. Using the ECVAM and assuming that urban and built-up areas will be 1.5 times greater than in 2005 and that environmental restrictions are removed, urban development can be expected to more than double in conservation areas and borderlands, increase by more than 1.5 times in developable areas, and decrease by half in old downtown areas. If legal restrictions are removed, urban development is expected to occur mostly in former conservation areas, followed by borderlands, old downtowns, and developable areas.