Environmental Calamities Research Articles

The “war of the worlds”: Salman Rushdie from postcolonial to posthuman apocalypse

ABSTRACT This article demonstrates the significance of the phrase the “war of the worlds” which occur as a literary trope in two novels written by Salman Rushdie, The Moor’s Last Sigh and Two Years Eight Months and Twenty-Eight Nights. It argues that in the former, the trope has a cultural implication connoting an imminent clash of civilizations seen as a postcolonial predicament, while in the latter it operates in a comic melange of fantastical and apocalyptic themes commenting on environmental calamities. These two texts are read together to explore the hermeneutic history of “war of the worlds” in Rushdie, pivoting around the fictional allegory of “war” between two spatial entities or “worlds”. The article argues that the novels showcase two different facets of Rushdie’s engagement with the trope of apocalypse, spanning postcolonial to posthuman themes, which are thematically and stylistically contrastive but the way they create a new narrative.

LocustLens: leveraging environmental data fusion and machine learning for desert locust swarm prediction.

The desert locust is one of the most destructive locusts recorded in human history, and it has caused significant food shortages, monetary losses, and environmental calamities. Prediction of locust attacks is complicated as it depends on various environmental and geographical factors. This research aims to develop a machine-learning model for predicting desert locust attacks in 42 countries that considers three predictors: soil moisture, maximum temperature, and precipitation. We developed the Global Locust Attack Database for 42 countries (GLAD42) by integrating TerraClimate's environmental data with locust swarm attack data from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). To improve the usability of spatial data, reverse geocoding which is the process of converting geographic coordinates (longitude and latitude) into human-readable location names (such as countries and regions) was employed. This step enhances the clarity and interpretability of the data by providing meaningful geographic context. This study's initial dataset focused on instances where locust attacks were recorded (positive class). To ensure a comprehensive analysis, we also incorporated negative class instances, representing periods (specific years and months) in the same countries and regions where locust attacks did not occur. This research utilizes the benefits of lazy learners by employing the K-nearest neighbor algorithm (K-NN), which provides high accuracy and the benefit of no time-consuming retraining even if real-time updated data is periodically added to the system. This research also focuses on building an eco-friendly machine learning model by evaluating carbon emissions from ML models. The results obtained from LocustLens are compared with other machine learning models, including baseline-K-NN, decision trees (DT), Logistic regression (LR), AdaBoost Classifier, BaggingClassifier, and support vector classifier (SVC). LocustLens outperformed all competitors with an accuracy of 98%, while baseline-K-NN achieved 96%, SVC gave 91%, DT gave 97%, AdaBoost has accuracy of 91%, BaggingClassifier gave 94% and LR gave 83%, respectively. Carbon emissions from RAM and CPU electricity consumption are measured in kg gCO2. They are a minimum for AdaBoost Classifier equal to 0.02 and 0.07 for DT and a maximum of 9.03 for SVC. The carbon footprint of LocustLens is 4.87 kg gCO2.

Cancer Treatment Disruption by Residence Region in the Aftermath of Hurricanes Irma and María in Puerto Rico.

Since 2017, Puerto Rico has faced environmental, economic, and political crises, leading to the emigration of healthcare workers and weakening the healthcare system. These challenges have affected cancer treatment continuity, exacerbating healthcare access challenges island-wide. In this study, we estimate the effect of the residence region on cancer treatment disruption following Hurricanes Irma and María (2017). Telephone surveys were conducted with 241 breast and colorectal cancer patients aged 40 and older who were diagnosed within six months before the hurricanes and were receiving treatment at the time of the hurricanes. Treatment disruption was defined as any pause in surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or oral treatment due to the hurricanes. Prevalence ratios (PRs) of treatment disruption by residence region were estimated using the San Juan Metropolitan Area (SJMA) as the reference. Fifty-nine percent of respondents reported treatment disruption; among them, half experienced disruptions lasting more than 30 days, with 14% of these enduring disruptions longer than 90 days. Adjusted models showed a 48% higher prevalence of disruption outside the SJMA (PR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.06-2.07). Specific geographic regions (Arecibo, Bayamón, Caguas, and Mayagüez) exhibited higher disruption prevalence. These findings emphasize the need for disaster preparedness strategies that ensure equitable healthcare access for all cancer patients following environmental calamities.

Design and multiobjective optimization of a two‐point contact ladder‐climbing robot using a genetic algorithm

AbstractThis paper presents the design and optimization of a climbing robot. The design of a ladder‐climbing robot is done with fundamental mathematical considerations. The designed robot is robust enough to manage all environmental calamities, and at the same time, it is optimized for lightweight to reduce the actuator's cost and ease of transportation. An analytical evaluation is carried out for both static and dynamic conditions to determine strength and motion characteristics. The multiobjective optimization of the design parameters of a ladder‐climbing robot is done to obtain optimized values of design parameters. The formulation of an optimization problem that considers the minimization of weight and natural frequency is performed. Using an evolutionary genetic algorithm (GA) for the multicriteria optimization problem is solved, and a Pareto front solution is obtained. The optimal values of the parameters are decided based on the knee selection technique. As both objective functions are contradictory, the optimum results significantly improve the robot's performance. Controlling the proportional–integral–derivative (PID) parameters is crucial as the robot climbs with a two‐point contact gait pattern. The controlling parameters impart stability to the robot. PID parameters like proportional, integral and derivative gain are tunned using the GA. Finally, the developed prototype is tested on the ladders of the tower, and satisfactory climbing motion is achieved.

The power of nature (sports)? From anthropocentrism to ecocentrism

ABSTRACT Nature sports include pursuits such as paragliding, white-water kayaking, free diving, mountaineering, and surfing. Participants in nature sports interact with geographical features (e.g. mountains, rivers, oceans, snow fields, ice sheets, caves, rock faces) as well as the dynamic forces that produce them (e.g. gravity, waves, thermal currents, flowing water, wind, rain, sun). In this article, I engage a representational approach to analyze how participants in nature sports interact with nature. Anthropocentric representations privilege participants’ interests, wants, desires, and ends; they typically refer to claims of conquest/achievement in nature, or praise nature for its therapeutic qualities. In contradistinction, ecocentric representations recognize humankind as one entity in an interdependent world that comprises all living organisms and the geological processes and geomorphological features that sustain them. Ecocentric representations of nature sports highlight networks of participants and landforms that help preserve a balance between people and the environment. Yet, notwithstanding the allure of ecocentric representations, especially in the wake of evidence that human-induced greenhouse gases are predisposing environmental calamities, there is a substantial gap between the ontological concepts and categories of ecocentrism and lived sporting experiences and practices in nature.

Understanding the nexus between fintech, natural resources, green investment, and environmental sustainability in China: A DYNARDL approach

China is one of the world's biggest polluters and emitters of Carbon diaoxide Emissions (CO2). The recent environmental issues suggest the issues they are facing in light of the increasing level of floods and storms. The impact of the environmental calamities has reached the level that it is causing serious damage to the food security of the country. Despite the advances made in the development of renewable energy capacity, the natural calamities continue to rise. This study identified the role of Fintech (FNT), Natural Resources (NTR), and Green Investment (GINV) on Environmental Sustainability (ENS). Using the DYNARDL approach, the findings of the study suggest that FNT and GINV can be a useful tool in achieving ENS. In contrast, the continued use of NTR can cause some serious damage towards ENS targets for China. The study recommends the adoption of carbon taxes for its industries to force the transition towards green energy and sustainable practices. The extra cost associated with carbon taxes would ensure that firms would now invest heavily in the renewable energy sector, which would be essential for the transition towards the renewable energy sector. Furthermore, using FNT to promote green growth is also an important recommendation. The use of crowdfunding and the development of a green finance market can be some of the ways China could achieve ENS in the long run.

Arduino Based Air Pollution Monitoring System

Day to day, the level of Air pollution is increasing rapidly due to increase industries, factories, vehicle use which affect human health. So here we have designed a device/system which can measure air quality around it and monitor air pollution levels and also indicates and warns us when the air quality goes down beyond a certain level. This system can sense LPG, Smoke, Alcohol, Propane, Hydrogen, Methane and CO, these gases are harmful to human health. So, this system is perfect for Air Quality Monitoring. This is a small portable device, we can use it at our home, office, classroom, and factory. It can save us from harmful gases. Air pollution is the presence of extra unwanted biological molecules, particulates or other harmful things into the earth atmosphere. It is a major cause of infections, allergies, and eventually reasons of death to some people. It also harms to other existing creatures like that animal as well as food crops, or the ecological or built environment. They are also and thus a reason of death if unprotected for a long time. The world health organization (WHO) in 2014 approximated those 7 million people deaths worldwide because of air pollution. The similar approximation roughly equalled by the International Energy Agency (IEA) also. These chemicals or pollutants are also responsible for various environmental calamities like acid rain and depletion of ozone layer. Because of a number of anthropogenic actions, air pollution is on the growth and its controlling is of significant importance to alleviate particular actions to limit it. In the past, the air quality measuring sensors were very big, non-portable and expensive. Presently, most air pollution sensors developed on five most common air pollutants viz. nitrous oxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide and particulate matter. In today’s world, air pollution and quality monitoring are really vital as it has a great effect on human health. The developed air-quality measurement sensor can identify and observe the incidence of air pollution in the adjacent areas. It can be employed for both indoor and outdoor. With the help of future technological improvements, these sensors will become cheaper and more common, inexpensive, portable air-quality sensors which can be wearable by people to observe the local air quality.

Assessing Food Security Scenario at the Ward Level in Nepal: An Analysis of Caloric Needs from Diverse Crops Based on Location-Specific Factors and Policy Implications

Food security means access to food along with food production and availability to every individual at a reasonable cost according to the calorific needs of people. To assure food safety to 30 million Nepali people, it is essential to utilize every piece of available farmable land in each geographic region of seven provinces. We analyzed individual household food intake, dietary energy adequacy, and nutritional status and needs at the ward level of Nepal. We used a decadal (2010-2020) average food production of different crops per unit of farmable area, and food needs for people living in that ward based on their gender and nutritional requirements to perform various activities in different geographic regions of seven provinces. We assumed three food consumption scenarios: a) traditional practices of meeting dietary needs only from major crops; b) consuming major and minor crops; and c) consuming major and minor crops and meat and fruit products. Our analysis revealed that it is essential for Nepal to implement policies that will encourage crop diversification comprising both major and minor crops and inform the public about the nutritional values of various crops that can be grown utilizing location-specific environments in different geographic regions of seven provinces. Our findings assist in policy instrumentation that will pursue farming communities to supplement their dietary needs with diverse crop products and suggest government set aside some matching funds to encourage remitters, who return to Nepal with knowledge and financial resources, to engage in agriculture. We also argue that crop diversification is needed to assure farm productivity if certain crops fail due to unforeseen environmental calamities.

Biodiesel Production from a Naturally Grown Green Algae Spirogyra Using Heterogeneous Catalyst: An Approach to RSM Optimization Technique

The present study focuses on oil extraction and biodiesel production from naturally grown green Spirogyra algae. Solvent oil extraction and oil expeller techniques were used to extract the Spirogyra algae oil (SALO), and the oil yields were compared to identify the most productive method. Using chicken eggshell waste (CESW) heterogeneous catalyst (HC) was prepared for the production of Spirogyra algae oil biodiesel (SALOBD). Furthermore, Box–Behnken (BB) assisted response surface method (RSM), an optimisation technique, was used in this study to achieve maximum algae biodiesel yield. From the 29 experimental trails, 96.18 % SALOBD was achieved at molar ratio (10:1), heterogeneous catalyst (0.6 wt.%), temperature (48 oC), and time (180 minutes). The predicted values of R2 (97.51%) and Adj. R2 (95.02 %) is found to be encouraging and fits well with the experimental values. The output results show that HC was identified as the significant process constraint followed by the time. The fatty acid composition (FAC) analysis by Gas Chromatography (GCMS) reveals the presence of 29.3 % unsaturated composition and 68.39 wt. % of the saturated composition. Finally, the important fuel properties of SALOBD were identified in accordance with ASTM D6751. The results obtained using chicken eggshell waste (CESW) for the production of biodiesel were recommended as a diesel fuel replacement to resist energy and environmental calamities.

Application of Deep Brain Stimulation in Refractory Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder that produces crippling anxiety and occurs in response to an extreme, traumatic stressor. Compared to the prevalence of PTSD in the general population, the prevalence of PTSD in at-risk populations (e.g., army veterans, those affected by environmental calamities, and others) can reach up to threefold. The conventional treatment of PTSD involves using SSRIs (serotonin reuptake inhibitors) and other anti-depressants along with psychotherapy such as debriefing and CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy). Due to increasing resistance to conventional treatment, more novel treatment options, such as stellate ganglion block shots and neuromodulation, are being explored. These neuromodulation techniques include transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (TDS), and deep brain stimulation (DBS). The rationale behind employing these techniques in refractory PTSD is the altered neurocircuitry seen in PTSD patients, which can be visualized on imaging. Studies involving the use of DBS for PTSD primarily target specific areas in the brain: the amygdala, the prefrontal cortex, the hippocampus, and the hypothalamus. This article aims to provide a brief overview of the various neuromodulation techniques currently employed in the management of treatment-resistant PTSD and an in-depth review of the available literature on animal models in which DBS for PTSD has been researched. We also shed light on the human clinical trials conducted for the same.

Green Parapets Analysis and Environment of Port Harcourt Nigeria

The prostration of policy makersfor the compulsory inclusion and retaining of greens in neighbourhoods and urban hemisphere generallydeclines the mitigation ofdissimilar environmental calamities. This paper x-rayed urban green parapets and environmental appearance of Port Harcourt Nigeria through the adoption of inferential and non-inferential survey strategies. The primary data was acquired through5 likertpoints designed questionnaire that sampled 350 households while circulated materials acquired within the secondary research circumference emanated from text-books, undergraduate and post graduate research work, conference/seminar, working papers, official records and other academic reports. The analysis employed mean value (MV), spearman’s correlation coefficient and chi-square (x2) statistics test at 0.05 significant points. The finding shown thatmean score of (25.22) significant value for the low income,(29.21) medium income resident and high income population with a mean value of (24.22) for thevariation of green properties among residents of Port Harcourt.The result further reserved that urban greens,reductions of flood and improvement of environmental potentials had a strong relationship at (x2 = 499.87> 0.005) and there was a positive relationship between environmental greening and education attainment at (r=-.285), weak relationship exist between greening and human population (r= - .053),occupational prestige and urban greening (r-.043). The work recommended thatphysical planning efforts are required for the provision and protection of green infrastructure through constituted taskforce on green infrastructure, civil defence and neighbourhood vigilantes or guard. The provision of such social security personnel will protect and improve urban and peri greens and areas perceived green infrastructure insecure will reduce and thus declining environmental calamities associated with alteration and non-inclusion of greens in urban development.

Anthropogenic Worlds of Transformation and Destruction: Doris Lessing’s Climate Fiction Duology

Depicting a world stricken with an ice age in the North and drought in the South, Doris Lessing’s Mara and Dann: An Adventure (1999) recounts the survival story of two siblings, Mara and Dann, amidst un/natural and societal havoc. The sequel, The Story of General Dann, Mara’s Daughter, Griot, and the Snow Dog (2005) pictures the dramatic transformations both in the nonhuman nature and the protagonists’ lives after the devastating disasters in the first novel. Migrating among thousands of people from the south towards northern Ifrik and passing through desolate lands scorched with drought, 4re, 3ood, and diseases in Mara and Dann, the protagonists mature as they learn to live in a perilous and erratic world populated with survivalists solely focused on personal gain. Through the horrendous picture of an Ifrik parched with drought in the South and frosted with a solid layer of ice at the top north, the novel pictures the helplessness of humankind through Mara and Dann’s quest for life in the face of unstoppable and inevitable environmental calamities. With the melting of the ice in the Northern Yerrup and the flooding in the Northern Ifrik, General Dann delivers Dann’s struggle to cope with his personal loss as the world changes once again, and the climate gets cooler. Obsessed with knowledge and set on to save a library, he races against time, human beings, and the hostile nonhuman environment. In this light, this study aims to analyse Doris Lessing’s climate fiction (cli-fi) duology, Mara and Dann: An Adventure and General Dann and Mara’s Daughter, Griot, and the Snow Dog as climate fiction novels reflecting the destructive impact of climate change on humans and nonhuman nature in the anthropogenic conditions of the fictional world, which is not a far cry from our world in the twenty-first century.

What the World Says: The Ottoman Empire, Interspecies Rape, and Climate in the Little Ice Age

During the Little Ice Age of the early modern centuries, close to a third of the globe’s population perished. Because this period serves as the most recent example of the global impacts of climate change, historians and others interested in developing conceptual and methodological tools for understanding contemporary climate change regularly look to the historiography of the Little Ice Age for direction and inspiration. This article adds to this toolkit by arguing for the place of gender and sexuality in analyses of climate change, something environmental historians have seldom done. It does so through the discussion of a seemingly fantastical account of a young woman who gave birth to an elephant in the Ottoman Empire in the 1640s. Focusing on the experience of one woman, her rape by an elephant from India, the sad fate of her child, and her community’s social and economic hardships shows how individuals both experienced and interpreted the environmental calamities of the Little Ice Age as a species crisis. Her story furthermore analogizes the political fortunes of the Ottoman Empire in a moment of weakness. By connecting the literatures of environmental and natural history, women’s history and histories of sexuality, empire and science, this article centers the roles of women as prime agents of population, history, and culture.

Writing (new) worlds: poetry and place in a time of emergency

ABSTRACT It may appear that the act of writing is fruitless in the face of the size and open-ended complexity of gathering environmental calamities including global heating, species extinction, and the appearance of plastic in everything. And yet – and yet – poets and others continue to write in ways that allow us to think about the earth’s futures and, more specifically, the future of place in catastrophic times. Geo, Eco and Topo – poetics are acts of making – making earth, home, and place. Making earth as homeplace. This paper considers Juliana Spahr’s book Well Then There Now as an entry point into thinking and writing about place in a relational way appropriate for a time of emergency. It focuses on the ways writing-as-making (poiesis) can help us to diagnose troubled worlds and prefigure new ones. The paper surveys the connections between geography and poetry, outlines the contributions of eco, geo and topo poetics and explores the hybrid poetics of Well Then There Now before advocating for the affordances of creative writerly approaches for geography more broadly.

Nexus between energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission: evidence from 10 highest fossil fuel and 10 highest renewable energy-using economies.

The world, addressing to achieve rapid and drastic economic growth by relying on fossil fuel energy consumption, could increase already increasing level of carbon dioxide (CO2). Therefore, there is a growing consensus that environmental sustainability by using renewable energy is the only option to avoid environmental calamity. Therefore, according to the authors' best knowledge, this is the first work to look into the short and long-run nexus between economic growth, trade openness, renewable and fossil fuel energy consumption, along with gross capital formation, population growth, and life expectancy as additional variables in top 10 highest renewable energy-using (TRU) economies and top 10 highest fossil fuel-using (TFU) economies from 1991 to 2020, by employing advanced panel data econometric approach. After demonstrating cross-sectional dependency in panel data, the Westerlund cointegration test verifies the long-term link between the variables. A cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) econometric technique is used to show short- and long-run coefficient values. CS-ARDL estimates confirm that the economic growth, fossil fuel energy, trade openness, and gross capital formation increase carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions levels in the short run for TRU and FEU economies, except for gross capital formation for FEU economies. However, economic growth adds to CO2 emissions for only TRU economies, while fossil fuel energy consumption enhances CO2 emissions for both groups of economies in the long run. On the contrary, renewable energy reduces CO2 emissions in the short and long run, while human capital in only the short run. The inferences of this study present new intuitions and urge governments and policymakers to develop a reliable mechanism for investing capital to diversify the energy portfolio through the energy transition process to attain sustainable economic growth and promote awareness campaigns to draw the attention of human capital to environmentally friendly, clean, and green energy sources. Overall, the results recommended energy efficiency usage and ecological friendly innovative technologies to enhance and protect environmental quality.

Insights into Variations and Potential Long-Range Transport of Atmospheric Aerosols from the Aral Sea Basin in Central Asia

The dramatic shrinkage of the Aral Sea in the past decades has inevitably led to an environmental calamity. Existing knowledge on the variations and potential transport of atmospheric aerosols from the Aral Sea Basin (ASB) is limited. To bridge this knowledge gap, this study tried to identify the variations and long-range transport of atmospheric aerosols from the ASB in recent years. The Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model and Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) data were used to gain new insight into the types, variation and long-range transport of atmospheric aerosols from the ASB. The results showed five types of tropospheric aerosols and one type of stratospheric aerosol were observed over the ASB. Polluted dust and dust were the dominant subtypes through the year. Sulfate/other was the only stratospheric aerosol detected. The occurrence frequency of aerosols over the ASB showed obvious seasonal variation. Maximum occurrence frequency of dust appeared in spring (MAM) and that of polluted dust peaked in summer (JJA). The monthly occurrence frequency of dust and polluted dust exhibited unimodal distribution. Polluted dust and dust were distributed over wide ranges from 1 km to 5 km vertically. The multi-year average thickness of polluted dust and dust layers was around 1.3 km. Their potential long-range transport in different directions mainly impacts Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan and eastern Iran, and may reach as far as the Caucasus region, part of China, Mongolia and Russia. Combining aerosol lidar, atmospheric climate models and geochemical methods is strongly suggested to gain clarity on the variations and long-range transport of atmospheric aerosols from the Aral Sea Basin.

Ecocritical perspectives in the poetry of ted Hughes

Ecocriticism aims to investigate the global ecological crisis through the intersection of literature, culture, and the physical environment. The environmental crisis of the recent times have upended the natural world and the comfortable nature tropes of the past no longer seem possible leading to the development of a new style of poetic expression that laments the loss of the natural world, while presenting a world plagued with environmental calamities. The interrelatedness of culture and nature in relation to the imperative connection of life and human environments is prominent in Hughes’s eco poetics based on the exploration of the environment’s influence on the poet’s imagination in shaping an ethical vision. Hughes depicts human culture’s detrimental impact on environment in order to re-evaluate human’s ability to both protect and destroy nature in his poetic space, thus interweaving environmentalism and literary creativity. This paper attempts to explore Ted Hughes’s poetry in relation to an emergent eco poetics and his ecological consciousness. Hughes’s conception of a human relationship with external nature through the examination of poetic language reveals how environmental imagination can suggest social responsibility.

Receding Margins: Black Rice and the Rhythms of Tidal Transfer

Plants and their cultivators play a privileged, if ambiguous, role in the recreation, maintenance, and transmission of cultural practices that settler colonialism believes to have definitively erased for having violently interrupted. Raising the question of what does and does not carry over in the transfer of roots and transport of seeds, survivance through the continued flourishing and tending of certain plants brings into focus what this special issue’s call for papers identifies as the dialectic of priority and incompletion defining a destruction that both precedes contemporary environmental calamity and escapes conclusion, remaining as unfinished, as unachieved, as it is still ongoing. In the words of the call, the articles collected here proceed from “a dual impulse: both to say there are things that have been destroyed which have yet to be perceived, and, there are things which have not been destroyed, which subsist without the need for critical recovery.” Numerous times when trying to write this essay, I have been stopped in equal measure by awe and grief: awe at the beauty of the cosmic rhythms of rise and fall, flood and recession, in relation to which human societies have learned to move and live, bringing these rhythms into relief through scalar mimesis and selective accentuation; grief at settler colonialism’s violent disruption of this mutual patterning.

Experimenting with fog: Environmental infrastructures, infrastructuring environments, and the infrastructure of infrastructure

In coastal Peru, conservationists and scientists attend to fog as something that may be captured and transformed into water. This article draws on ethnographic fieldwork among Limeñan conservationists who tapped into this atmospheric phenomenon as an alternative water source for use in fog oasis ecosystem reforestation. As I demonstrate, experimental engagements with fog had reconfigured conservationists’ and other experimenters’ understanding about the connections between the atmosphere, vegetation, and the underground, thereby bringing into view a hitherto imperceptible environmental infrastructure of groundwater production. The infrastructural potentials of the landscape were in turn foregrounded by the conservationists through comparisons with other geographies well-known for their capacity to produce water. Against this backdrop, the article argues for renewed attention to the infrastructural as a comparative effect resulting from simultaneous fore/backgrounding. Rather than mere grounds for second-order processes, infrastructural relations can be understood as situated between foreground and background. As environmental calamities complicate the infrastructure–environment nexus, it is no longer clear what infrastructures consist of, nor what they are capable of doing. In this context, an understanding of infrastructures as comparative effects is useful for describing and speculatively amplifying potentially more sustainable infrastructural alternatives.

Advancement of Environmental Concerns Through Cli-Fi: James Bradley’s Clade as a Prototype

Climate Change due to anthropogenic factors and its repercussions in the form of disastrous environmental calamities is the burning issue in the current scenario. People of different fields are trying every possible means to bring awakening in the populace. The field of literature is also making contributions to this noble cause. Cli-fi or Climate Change Fiction is the newfangled branch of Ecocriticism from the field of literature, which is entirely dedicated to dealing with and bringing up climate change problems, global warming and likewise. The impact of this genre of literature has brought up the positive impact on the wider range of the population in simple language as compared to that of the technical language. Thus, this research study aims to bring forth the advancement of environmental concern employing Cli-fi or Climate Change Fiction by analysing James Bradley’s work Clade as a prototype and inclusively quoting other key literary works in this genre and their primary contributions made in this field of operation. The narrative technique with vivid descriptions, the mapping of the psychological awakening of emotions towards environmental concern and the portrayal of environmental calamities will pave the way and establish the advanced approach of literature for environmental concern and climate change.