Environmental Bottlenecks Research Articles

Economic and environmental bottlenecks in the industrial‐scale production of lipid‐derived biofuels from oleaginous yeasts: A review of the current trends and future prospects

AbstractConcerns about climate change and the reliance on fossil fuel reserves have motivated researchers to identify new renewable sources of energy. Biomass holds the potential to replace fossil‐derived products with biofuels and bio‐based chemicals. Plant‐derived lipids are promising sources of biofuels; however, the production of plant oil often leads to the release of massive amounts of carbon dioxide due to deforestation and land‐use change. The production of biofuels via plant oils (such as soybean) also competes with food production and in turn, impacts biodiversity. To mitigate these issues, the production of lipids from oleaginous yeasts could be an excellent alternative by incorporating these microbes into biorefineries utilizing agricultural or forest residues. Eventually, these microbial lipids could be potential sources for producing lipid‐derived biofuels. However, the current conventional methods for the production and recovery of lipids from oleaginous microbes suffer from economic and ecological challenges that affect its industrial‐scale expansion. This review highlights the major economic and environmental bottlenecks for the production of lipid‐derived biofuels from oleaginous yeasts. It also provides perspectives on the strategies that could be adapted on economic and ecological fronts to assist the expansion of the production of microbial lipid‐derived biofuels at an industrial scale.

A bandwidth control scheme for reducing the negative impact of bottlenecks in IoT environments: Simulation and performance evaluation

The Internet of Things (IoT) environment comprises heterogeneous transmission channels. The statuses of these channels may change rapidly due to dynamic variations in things, data, topologies, etc. Thus, many bottlenecks may suddenly occur and dynamically change. Therefore, the quality of services (QoS) may be affected due to the lack of the bandwidth. Hence, this paper proposes a bandwidth control scheme to face the challenge of bottlenecks in the IoT environment. In this scheme, a bottleneck detection methodology, bandwidth prediction approach, reduction of bandwidth usage mechanism, and bandwidth management model are proposed. This bandwidth management model comprises reassigned and reallocated bandwidth plans. To test the proposed bandwidth control scheme, a large-scale simulation environment was constructed using NS-3. The performance of the proposed scheme was measured using the effect of reassigned and reallocated bandwidth plans in the cases of normal and prioritized data. In addition, packet loss, energy consumption, delay and bandwidth prediction accuracy were measured. Moreover, to make sure that the proposed scheme was positively effectiveness, its simulation results were compared to those of the famous machine learning and deep learning techniques: long short-term memory (LSTM), gated recurrent unit (GRU), autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), multi-layer perceptron (MLP), and deep reinforcement learning (DRL). Finally, the simulation results proved that the proposed bandwidth control scheme notably outperformed the IoT environment's efficiency and limited the negative impact of the bottlenecks.

From tuna viscera to added-value products: A circular approach for fish-waste recovery by green enzymatic hydrolysis

Tuna represents one of the most consumed foods in many parts of the world. It is estimated that about 70 % of the tuna's weight is discarded in the production of canned fillets. This work is focused on the optimization of production of an oil rich in omega-3 from the tuna viscera, provided by a canned tuna production company, using the Alcalase enzyme. Combined use of Design of experiments (DoE), life cycle analysis (LCA), and principal component analysis (PCA) on the collected analytical data made it possible to define the best combination of the values of pH, enzyme/substrate (E/S) ratio, and reaction time, respectively (pH = 8.5), E/S (1 %), and time (120 min), and to better understand the environmental bottleneck of the process. The outcomes of the study demonstrated that the duration of the hydrolysis and the associated electricity consumption is the factor that affects the most the environmental sustainability of the process.

Seed‐ versus transplant‐based eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) restoration success in a temperate marine lake

Despite active seagrass restoration gaining traction as a tool to halt and reverse worldwide seagrass losses, overall success remains limited. Restoration strategies, through seeding or transplantation, face different environmental bottlenecks that limit success. Choosing the most appropriate strategy of the two for a specific location, however, is hampered by lack of direct practical comparisons between strategies within a single system. To investigate potential life stage dependent bottlenecks, we compared seed‐based and transplant‐based restoration of Zostera marina in the subtidal saltwater Lake Grevelingen. Our results demonstrate that seedling recruitment was negatively impacted by bioturbation from the lugworm Arenicola marina and sediment movement due to hydrodynamic exposure. Transplant‐based restoration was clearly more successful but surprisingly best predicted by leaf gluing by the ragworm Platynereis dumerilii. This previously undescribed interaction caused seagrass leaves to clump and reduce effective photosynthetic surface and leaf movement. We suggest that the observed behavior of these worms may result from a lack of foodweb interactions, illustrating the importance of trophic control for seagrass restoration. Thus, in addition to recognizing life stage dependent environmental bottlenecks for restoration strategy selection, seagrass restoration may also require the active recovery of their associated food webs.

Enzymes as an environmental bottleneck in cellulosic ethanol production: Does on-site production solve it?

With the progressive implementation of Low-Carbon Policies based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodologies to assess climate change mitigation, biofuels’ potential environmental advantages could finally be translated into economic revenues, especially for residue-based production chains. This implies, however, tackling environmental hotspots along the Life Cycle, such as the use of enzymes, an important input in cellulosic ethanol production. While relevant, however, aspects of enzyme manufacturing, crucial to the LCA results, are often oversimplified in databases or even undisclosed, which might render the accounting for this flow unreliable. A potential solution for this is to model enzyme production, disclosing aspects such as carbon source uptakes, energy consumption and purification steps, all of which may carry significant environmental burdens, especially for fossil-reliant procedures. Integrating these steps into the biorefinery process design as an on-site operation, however, would allow access to renewable energy and carbon sources for enzyme production, potentially reducing their burden in the final biofuel LCA profile, when compared with off-site supply. This work, then, aims to evaluate the effect of inserting on-site enzyme production within a stand-alone second-generation (2G) biorefinery, using sugarcane straw as feedstock, to produce ethanol and electricity, as opposed to off-site enzyme supply from manufacturers. The results show that adopting on-site production can reduce the overall environmental impact profile for cellulosic ethanol, in comparison to off-site supply, even though off-site data present significant variability among databases and literature. This trend persisted for varied enzyme dosages in the saccharification process and for different inventories to model off-site supply. The reference inventories for off-site supply lack transparency and details, while also displaying large discrepancies between impact indicators, indicating the need to pursue more consistent, reliable, and complete inventories for its modelling in LCA. Compared to first-generation (1G) sugarcane ethanol, 2G-ethanol (with on-site enzyme production) demonstrated a reduction in the Global Warming Potential category of around 80%. However, relevant trade-offs for 2G ethanol (with off-site enzyme supply) were observed – regarding ecotoxicity, mineral scarcity, eutrophication and even the potential GHG reduction – when different enzyme inventories are used.

Fostering the valorization of organic wastes into carboxylates by a computer-aided design tool

The carboxylate platform has the potential to constitute an outstanding opportunity for converting organic wastes into chemicals and other value-added products within a circular economy framework. However, its development is still hampered by technological and financial constraints due to difficulties at forecasting the carboxylates yields by different wastes. This work provides a framework that can be the key to foster circular economy and bridge the development risks, allowing early-stage evaluation of process performance. This framework, which is implemented as a computer-aided design tool, is comprised by: (i) a library of substrates including their characterization and appropriate kinetic parameter selection, (ii) an integral kinetic and stoichiometric model which solves both identified gaps regarding the disintegration mechanisms and the acidogenic stoichiometry variability in the anaerobic mono and cofermentation of complex organic wastes, and (iii) a set of indicators to interpret simulation results and assist the decision making; and presents a showcase of applications supported by two case studies. These case studies show that the optimal conditions to steer VFA spectrum towards odd-chain VFA in MCF of regrind pasta are neutral pH (6.5–7) and a relatively low HRT (3–4 days), while cofermentation of tuna canning wastewater and regrind pasta follows interactive mechanisms that cannot be captured by a “naïve approach”, i.e. by adding up the individual contributions. Finally, it is discussed how value chain actors with different interests can benefit from the proposed tool: identifying technical, economic, and environmental bottlenecks, and proposing innovative solutions prior to costly lab research and piloting.

Plasticity is a locally adapted trait with consequences for ecological dynamics in novel environments.

Phenotypic plasticity is predicted to evolve in more variable environments, conferring an advantage on individual lifetime fitness. It is less clear what the potential consequences of that plasticity will have on ecological population dynamics. Here, we use an invertebrate model system to examine the effects of environmental variation (resource availability) on the evolution of phenotypic plasticity in two life history traits—age and size at maturation—in long‐running, experimental density‐dependent environments. Specifically, we then explore the feedback from evolution of life history plasticity to subsequent ecological dynamics in novel conditions. Plasticity in both traits initially declined in all microcosm environments, but then evolved increased plasticity for age‐at‐maturation, significantly so in more environmentally variable environments. We also demonstrate how plasticity affects ecological dynamics by creating founder populations of different plastic phenotypes into new microcosms that had either familiar or novel environments. Populations originating from periodically variable environments that had evolved greatest plasticity had lowest variability in population size when introduced to novel environments than those from constant or random environments. This suggests that while plasticity may be costly it can confer benefits by reducing the likelihood that offspring will experience low survival through competitive bottlenecks in variable environments. In this study, we demonstrate how plasticity evolves in response to environmental variation and can alter population dynamics—demonstrating an eco‐evolutionary feedback loop in a complex animal moderated by plasticity in growth.

Are eucalyptus harvest residues a truly burden-free biomass source for bioenergy? A deeper look into biorefinery process design and Life Cycle Assessment

With the advent of RenovaBio, Brazil has cast a new light towards the life cycle of cellulosic ethanol. Once considered a resource intensive alternative pathway to achieve the same biofuel, second-generation approaches can now provide an economic advantage due to their potentially lower carbon footprint. The exploration of lignocellulosic harvest residues to this end can be beneficial, since productivity can be increased while not expanding cultivated areas. Eucalyptus forest residues are an example, result of logging and harvest procedures, being a low-cost and readily available biomass. Through an integrated biorefinery process simulation and a Life Cycle Assessment of the coproduction of ethanol and electricity, it was analyzed whether forestry burden is truly relevant when exploring this material, identifying technical and environmental bottlenecks. The biorefinery design implementation of anaerobic digestion and energy integration allowed a productivity boost of 20% for ethanol and 115% for electricity. With a 80 km collection radius, an annual production capacity of 30.3 ML could be achieved in the Campinas region. Enzymes were identified as the main environmental hotspot, but inconsistent published datasets and lack of transparency lead to inconclusive results regarding this input. While the burden associated with the lignocellulosic feedstock is relevant in most impact categories, the main bottleneck resides within the biorefinery itself, with inputs related to pretreatment and hydrolysis, boiler emissions and water consumption. Nevertheless, eucalyptus harvest residues cannot be considered a burden-free resource, since additional operations such as retrieval and transportation cannot be dismissed and often surpasses the impact potential of the aforementioned forestry activities.

Current Status Analysis and Development Research on Energy Saving and Emission Reduction of Power System HVDC Power Supply

The power system’s development is facing a substantial environmental bottleneck, and the key to solving this problem is energy-saving and emission reduction. Based on the environmental effects, firstly, the research results of energy-saving and emission reduction in different development stages of power system HVDC power supply are summarized. Our research found that in the traditional power grid stage, most scholars focused on the environmental cost of pollutants on the power generation side; in the development of the smart grid stage, the research included quantitative analysis of energy-saving and emission reduction, economic analysis, and comprehensive evaluation, and there were many results and shortcomings. Based on summarizing the current results, future research on power system energy saving and emission reduction based on environmental effects prospects, and the critical research contents of future smart grids, integrated energy systems, and energy Internet are discussed.

Identification of environmental supply chain bottlenecks: a case study of the Ethiopian healthcare supply chain

PurposeThe increasing rate of environmental concern and awareness by society has attracted attention from researchers and organisations to consider how to proceed towards green supply chains. The purpose of this paper is to identify operational bottlenecks in the multi-tier supply chain to guide organisations towards where to concentrate their efforts to address their supply chain environmental challenges.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents a literature review identifying green supply chain challenges of multi-tier supply chains. Following the literature review is a case study of the Ethiopian health supply chain with 11 interviews, 11 international and 6 national surveys and data from public health information systems. An analysis based on multi-tier supply chain modelling is used to identify environmental supply chain bottlenecks.FindingsThis research found that the supply chain actors face severe challenges towards enhanced green supply chain performance mainly because of poor inventory management (IN), inefficient tracking and tracing (TR) and fake or sub-standard products in the supply chain, especially counterfeit medicines (CO). Specific environmental bottlenecks within each of the challenge areas IN, TR and CO where identified serving as recommendations for where supply chain actors should focus their work towards greener supply chains.Research limitations/implicationsThe data come from participants in a single country, Ethiopia; although the supply chain challenges are common for developing countries in general.Practical implicationsThis research presents a modelling approach to identify supply chain activities considered as environmental bottlenecks in multi-tier supply chains. The environmental bottlenecks pinpoint supply chain activities to focus on for a transition towards green supply chains for manufacturers, public and private health organisations, hospitals and health care units.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the literature on GSCM by developing a multi-tier modelling approach for identifying environmental supply chain bottlenecks. The applicability of the model is demonstrated by the identification of environmental bottlenecks in a healthcare supply chain supporting decisions on what challenges a green supply chain strategy should address. It serves as a basis for future research on where to implement GSCM practices in supply chains (SCs).

Evaluating the environmental impacts of formic acid production from CO2: catalytic hydrogenationvs.electrocatalytic reduction

This study analyzes the environmental feasibility of formic acid production from CO2in terms of greenhouse gas emission and fossil resource depletion, and describes the environmental bottlenecks of the CO2utilization strategies.

Explaining the worldwide distributions of two highly mobile species: Cakile edentula and Cakile maritima

AbstractAimIf we are able to determine the geographic origin of an invasion, as well as its known area of introduction, we can better appreciate the innate environmental tolerance of a species and the strength of selection for adaptation that colonizing populations have undergone. It also enables us to maximize the success of searches for effective biological control agents. We determined the number of successful colonization events that have occurred throughout the world for two Cakile species and compared the climates from which they originated, in which they established and then spread.LocationWorldwide.TaxonSea‐Rockets (Cakile spp.), Brassicaceae.MethodsWe used a high‐throughput sequencing and a genome skimming approach combined with Bayesian Inference phylogenetics to examine variation in entire chloroplast genomes and regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA within native and introduced areas. Databases were used to compare climates between native ranges and introduced regions for multiple clades within each species.ResultsAt least seven clades have invaded different regions of the world. In most cases we were able to identify their source regions and climates. The environmental bottlenecks differed in intensity: while some clades colonized into climates that were similar to climates in their native range, other clades had a very broad innate environmental tolerance such that new invasions succeeded beyond the climate range of native populations. We found clear evidence of hybridization—specifically, chloroplast capture—between two species in Australia.ConclusionsResults here show that these species are sometimes capable of colonizing in climates that are beyond the climate range of native populations. Whether successful colonization beyond native climate niches requires de novo adaptation, or whether it represents an innate broad fundamental niche requires further investigation. Cakile species provide an excellent opportunity to study replicated climate adaptation trajectories.

Implications of Sectoral Logistical Capabilities for Export Competitiveness: A Public Policy Perspective for Interventions in the Logistics Sector

This article takes a public policy perspective and captures the implications of sectoral logistical capabilities for export competitiveness to obtain directives for developmental interventions in the logistics sector. We specifically develop a logistical policy intervention framework that links trade logistics performance and exports at the country-level with the objective to identify strategies for a nation's logistics policy formulation. Theoretically, the framework relies on the “macro-institutional view of the logistics systems environment,” which is an emerging global value chain perspective to model global trade scenarios. This perspective accounts for the influence of diverse operational capabilities at a sectoral scale, multiple institutions, and socio-economic environments in governing the performance of a nation's logistics systems in global trade. Methodologically, a rigorous nonlinear regression modeling approach highlights nonlinear discontinuities associated with the impact of logistical policy interventions fostering sectoral logistical capabilities (for example, developing logistics infrastructure or improving the state of logistics service quality in the nation) to boost the export viability of a country in the global economy. The results also highlight critical environmental bottlenecks that govern the efficacy of such interventions. This article pioneers to mainstream the public policy underpinning of logistics systems, and via this contextualization, it contributes to the agenda of mastering policy challenges in engineering and technology management.

Planar max flow maps and determination of lanes with clearance

One main challenge in multi-agent navigation is to generate trajectories minimizing bottlenecks in environments cluttered with obstacles. In this paper we approach this problem globally by taking into account the maximum flow capacity of a given polygonal environment. Given the difficulty in solving the continuous maximum flow of a planar environment, we present in this paper a GPU-based methodology which leads to practical methods for computing maximum flow maps in arbitrary two-dimensional polygonal domains. Once a flow map representation is obtained, lanes can be extracted and optimized in length while keeping constant the flow capacity achieved by the system of trajectories. This work extends our previous work on max flow maps by presenting a clearance-based flow generation method which takes into account the size of the agents at the flow generation phase. In this way we ensure that the maximum possible number of lanes with the needed clearance is always obtained, a property that was found to not be always obtained with our previous method. As a result we are able to generate trajectories of maximum flow from source to sink edges across a generic set of polygonal obstacles, enabling the deployment of large numbers of agents utilizing the maximum flow capacity of a continuous description of the environment and eliminating bottlenecks.

Endogenous Study on Economic Development, Environmental Investment, and Green Development Based on the Panel Data Analysis of 11 Provinces in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

Jin, J.; Zhao, R.; Yang, Y., and Chuan, M. 2019. Endogenous study on economic development, environmental investment, and green development based on the panel data analysis of 11 provinces in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 426–432. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.Chinese President Xi pointed out that the green development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a national development strategy promoting the coordinated development of the economy and green development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the building of the national green development demonstration zone as the only way to break the environmental bottleneck of economic development. This study selects 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt between 2006 and 2017 and makes an empirical study on the relationship among green development, environmental investment, and green development by using a panel vector autoregression (PVAR) model. The results of this study found that investment in environmental governance has no significant effect on economic development and green development; that in the past, the provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt had an unsustainable behavior of exchanging the environment for economic development; and that economic development can significantly promote green development. According to the empirical results and conclusions, this study puts forward the following suggestions to improve the level of green development and sustainable and healthy economic development: establish and improve the mechanism of environmental protection investment, optimize the structure of environmental protection investment, and gradually increase the intensity of environmental protection; actively introduce social capital into the field of environmental protection; and continue to optimize the industrial structure and increase the proportion of green industries.

Herbivory regulates the establishment of a native species of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) in a tidal estuary of the USA

Herbivores are a diverse group of fauna that shape the distribution and composition of plant communities. In some cases, herbivory may prevent the re-establishment of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), such as Vallisneria americana, into systems. The goal of this study was to investigate the role and nature of herbivory on V. americana transplants with camera and transect surveys of grazing intensity and with field and laboratory grazing experiments using a suspected herbivore, the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus. Camera surveys recorded C. sapidus clipping and consuming shoots of V. americana for the first time. Grazing intensity surveys in low-salinity regions of the lower Chesapeake Bay indicated that the majority of V. americana transplants (50–75%) were clipped off at their base within one week of planting. Field and laboratory experiments demonstrated that C. sapidus clips and consumes V. americana as well as other rapidly colonizing, non-native SAV. Analysis of the gut contents of C. sapidus caught in SAV beds in the Chesapeake Bay revealed that SAV comprised 16% of their stomach contents, suggesting low levels of C. sapidus herbivory occurred over a wide area. Callinectes sapidus is yet another animal documented to consume SAV for some portion of their diet. These results also suggest that herbivores or omnivores, including C. sapidus, can serve as bottlenecks to recovery of SAV, like V. americana, in some areas. Herbivores may not serve as bottlenecks in other environments or to other SAV with more rapid plant growth or higher recruitment levels that may overcome grazing pressure.

Fluctuating environments select for short-term phenotypic variation leading to long-term exploration.

Genetic spaces are often described in terms of fitness landscapes or genotype-to-phenotype maps, where each genetic sequence is associated with phenotypic properties and linked to other genotypes that are a single mutational step away. The positions close to a genotype make up its “mutational landscape” and, in aggregate, determine the short-term evolutionary potential of a population. Populations with wider ranges of phenotypes in their mutational neighborhood are known to be more evolvable. Likewise, those with fewer phenotypic changes available in their local neighborhoods are more mutationally robust. Here, we examine whether forces that change the distribution of phenotypes available by mutation profoundly alter subsequent evolutionary dynamics. We compare evolved populations of digital organisms that were subject to either static or cyclically-changing environments. For each of these, we examine diversity of the phenotypes that are produced through mutations in order to characterize the local genotype-phenotype map. We demonstrate that environmental change can push populations toward more evolvable mutational landscapes where many alternate phenotypes are available, though purely deleterious mutations remain suppressed. Further, we show that populations in environments with harsh changes switch phenotypes more readily than those in environments with more benign changes. We trace this effect to repeated population bottlenecks in the harsh environments, which result in shorter coalescence times and keep populations in regions of the mutational landscape where the phenotypic shifts in question are more likely to occur. Typically, static environments select solely for immediate optimization, at the expensive of long-term evolvability. In contrast, we show that with changing environments, short-term pressures to deal with immediate challenges can align with long-term pressures to explore a more productive portion of the mutational landscape.

Coordinate Memory Deduplication and Partition for Improving Performance in Cloud Computing

Both limited main memory size and memory interference are considered as the major bottlenecks in virtualization environments. Memory deduplication, detecting pages with same content and being shared into one single copy, reduces memory requirements; memory partition, allocating unique colors for each virtual machine according to page color, reduces memory interference among virtual machines to improve performance. In this paper, we propose a coordinate memory deduplication and partition approach named CMDP to reduce memory requirement and interference simultaneously for improving performance in virtualization. Moreover, CMDP adopts a lightweight page behavior-based memory deduplication approach named BMD to reduce futile page comparison overhead meanwhile to detect page sharing opportunities efficiently. And a virtual machine based memory partition called VMMP is added into CMDP to reduce interference among virtual machines. According to page color, VMMP allocates unique page colors to applications, virtual machines and hypervisor. The experimental results show that CMDP can efficiently improve performance (by about 15.8 percent) meanwhile accommodate more virtual machines concurrently.

Towards Efficient Comparison of Change-Based Models.

Comparison of large models can be time-consuming since every element has to be visited, matched, and compared with its respective element in other models. This can result in bottlenecks in collaborative modelling environments, where identifying differences between two versions of a model is desirable. Reducing the comparison process to only the elements that have been modified since a previous known state (e.g., previous version) could significantly reduce the time required for large model comparison. This paper presents how change-based persistence can be used to localise the comparison of models so that only elements affected by recent changes are compared and to substantially reduce comparison and differencing time (up to 90% in some experiments) compared to state-based model comparison.

Green Economy: Challenges of Sustainable Consumption and Production in Ethiopia

Sustainability issues became the most common agenda of several countries around the world, due to the three nucleolus factors such as social, economic and environment. Sustainable consumption and production is among the fundamental concern of the UN SDGs. Though, Ethiopia’s manufacturing sector is at its infant stage, few industries located around urban areas, are releasing their waste into the river system. Like many other African countries, Ethiopia is suffering from climate change and environmental pollution. Cognizant of this, the Ethiopian government planned to transform the country into a middle income category with zero carbon emission by 2025 by executing the GTP and CRGE initiative. However, successful implementation of the program confronted several challenges. Thus, the aim of this study is to identify major bottlenecks related to SCP and to point out possible ways to achieve a green economy trajectory in Ethiopia. The current research paper is a qualitative study in to the SCP. Secondary data from peer-reviewed reputable journals, UN SDG 12 reports, country wide analysis on green economy, FDRE SDG reports, news release, website of Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MEFCC) and sustainability stakeholders report have been collected and analyzed. A semi-structured interview was carried out with MEFCC office personnel. Loose environmental policy enforcement at national, regional and local level, complexity in organizing SMEs structure for green, lack of knowledge and awareness regarding the impact and benefits of green economy among private industries, poor incentive package for private firms to promote environmental activities and support green economy and insufficient, unreliable and irresponsible production are among the major environmental bottlenecks that Ethiopia is facing currently. Keywords: Sustainable consumption and production (SCP), CRGE (Climate Resilience Green Economy), Sustainable Development Goals, Green Economy DOI : 10.7176/JESD/10-1-05