Environment In Terms Of Pollution Research Articles

Rediscovering raw earth heritage of Champagne area (France): Cartography and typology of a specific adobe vernacular architecture

The building sector has a strong impact on the environment in terms of pollution, through its carbon footprint and waste generation. In this context, raw earth construction is experiencing a revival of interest in its ability to use a local, reusable, and low environmental impact material. Vernacular architecture reflects the evolution of particular know-how, which has been able to adapt to specific factors linked to a nearby environment. Champagne area is one of the last uninvestigated earth heritage territories in France, whereas it presents an original and rich rural, urban, and industrial earth architecture. To cartography raw earth heritage in the studied area and its surroundings, the various buildings and construction practices observed in the field were geolocated on a digital tablet using QGIS software. This work completes the partial inventory that had been started on Champagne territory and reveals local variations and other uses of raw earth never described in the national survey maps of earthen construction techniques. The presence of the adobe heritage corresponds quite well to the area of the chalky Champagne. We notice two different types of boundaries. A first type where adobe architectures are directly replaced by other building materials, and a second type where adobes are combined with and then replaced by other earth construction techniques (cob, wattle and daub). This reveals a dialogue between different constructive cultures. This survey seems to show a certain coherence as to the presence of adobes in the constructions regarding the geological substratum. Our work will allow to characterize the earth used, to valorize the excavated earth in this territory, as well as to raise awareness and promote local raw earth architecture. In addition, the discovery of the use of cob in the Seine valley reveals the richness of this heritage in this geographical sector.

A concise review of green supply chain management within organization reform

Green-supply chain management practices improve organizational performance from a financial and non-financial perspective. This study aims to evaluate the impact of green supply chain strategies on organizational performance. High involvement of waste reduces the efficiency of the supply chain process, which ultimately creates an adverse impact on the performance of an organization. The lack of waste reduction strategies affects the environment in terms of pollution and over-consumption of energy. The study is descriptive, and the SLR (Systematic literature review) approach is used to evaluate the impact of green practices on organizational performance. The green supply chain practices reduce the company's cost because green strategies eliminate valueless elements for customers and increase the price. The research contributes to the field of academics and business as well. From a theoretical point of view, the desired study extends the literature for future scholars. From a business perspective, the selected research suggests strategies to reduce supply chain waste. Secondary research is used to collect the data, and results will be generated after evaluating peer-reviewed articles from authentic journals. It is concluded that green practices are the need of the present business era because businesses have to reduce waste and contribute to environmental protection to get a competitive advantage.

A concise review of green supply chain management within organization reform

Green-supply chain management practices improve organizational performance from a financial and non-financial perspective. This study aims to evaluate the impact of green supply chain strategies on organizational performance. High involvement of waste reduces the efficiency of the supply chain process, which ultimately creates an adverse impact on the performance of an organization. The lack of waste reduction strategies affects the environment in terms of pollution and over-consumption of energy. The study is descriptive, and the SLR (Systematic literature review) approach is used to evaluate the impact of green practices on organizational performance. The green supply chain practices reduce the company's cost because green strategies eliminate valueless elements for customers and increase the price. The research contributes to the field of academics and business as well. From a theoretical point of view, the desired study extends the literature for future scholars. From a business perspective, the selected research suggests strategies to reduce supply chain waste. Secondary research is used to collect the data, and results will be generated after evaluating peer-reviewed articles from authentic journals. It is concluded that green practices are the need of the present business era because businesses have to reduce waste and contribute to environmental protection to get a competitive advantage.

Development of standard and high strength concretes using sustainable & recycled materials

One of the most complex challenges in the concrete technology is the utilization of additives and optimizing their proportions to enhance their performance. Construction activities cause damage to the environment in terms of pollution & waste generation. Hence, additives used in the concrete must not only be efficient but must also be sustainable to minimize such negative effects. The current research work thus provides an experimental investigation of the workability and mechanical strengths of the Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) for standard and higher grades with inclusion of sustainable materials like Fly ash, GGBS & fine recycled materials, and the results were compared to Nominal mix containing M-sand as the fine material. The different percentage replacements adopted for study were 50% and 100%. The results showed better flow and consistency but lesser strengths in compression, tension & flexure. The declining trend with increase in replacement of the recycled aggregates can be attributed to poor quality, moisture state and properties of the source. However, by replacing appropriate amounts of recycled fine materials, this method can be adopted for structural applications, thereby minimizing the environmental consequences of the recycled materials.

Biofertilizing potential of a fertilizer based on cienego and native microorganisms in corn seeds

In the development of the productive process of stone aggregates, during the stage of washing and extraction of sludge from the decanter wells, a “cienego” sand is produced in an approximate quantity of 24.75 tons per day, of which only 10% per day is commercialized, the remaining 90% must be discarded, causing financial detriment, impact on the environment in terms of pollution by handling the product that is discarded, occupation of useful areas and landscape degradation, among other impacts negatively affecting the companies in the sector, and their environment. The objective of this research was to evaluate a fertilizer based on cienego and three native microorganisms (Azotobacter sp, 1 Azotobacter sp, 2 and Pseudomonas sp) in corn seeds. For this purpose, three native strains of diazotrophic bacteria were isolated from soil samples of oil palm crops in Tibú, located at Norte de Santander, Colombia, which were biochemically identified using traditional culture media. These isolates were inoculated into corn seeds in trays with sterile soil plus ciénego at 70/30 ratio respectively, and the plant growth-promoting effect was recorded every 4 days, by measuring morphological variables such as height, number of leaves, number of roots, length and germination rate. The results showed that Azotobacter sp, 2 treatment presented a higher production of roots, reached greater height (cm), number of leaves and germination rate in comparison to control treatment after 12 days of monitoring, besides directly influencing the percentage of organic matter in the substrate and elements such as calcium, potassium and phosphorus, allowing greater productivity and corn seed yield once these were germinated.

THE CONTENT OF MICROELEMENTS RESIDENTS VARIOUS ETHNIC GROUPS OF THE MAGADAN REGION

The article presents the results of a study of the element status of residents of different ethnic groups (Koryak, even, mestizo) Magadan region. By atomic emission and mass spectral analizovs inductively coupled plasma quantity content of co, cu, Fe, Zn, si, al, cd, Pb, sn, Hg hair. there was a slight deviation of the content of some essential elements (copper, iron, zinc) in aboriginal and Mtis on average. it is suggested that this phenomenon is caused by adaptation to the conditions of the indigenous population of the north. these low levels of heavy metals - aluminum, cadmium, lead, tin, cobalt, mercury, indicates the relative well-being of the environment in terms of pollution with toxic elements. the higher silicon content in the hair of aboriginal and Mtis is consistent with the data that the Magadan region is silicic province. Variability of the most studied trace elements higher in the Mtis compared with the natives. High individual variability of chemical elements can be the result of an imbalance element in disadaptative organism to the environment, or a manifestation of the individual characteristics of the organism. the possible consequences of deficiency and excess of trace elements in the indigenous population of the north.

OPEN HOUSE: An online platform for a transparent and open methodology to assess the sustainability of buildings

Buildings play a major role in societies but they are also responsible for important impacts on the natural environment in terms of pollution and resources consumption. With the growing global population aspiring for high-level health and comfort, resources will have to be managed more efficiently if we want to ensure a sustainable development. In particular, a life-cycle-thinking approach has to be adopted in the building sector in order to encourage decisions with positive long-term impacts. Decision-making requires knowledge of building performance and many assessment methods have been developed world-wide to evaluate the sustainability of buildings. According to Cole [1], the development of all these different methods results from the ‘tension between the desire for objective, scientifically rigorous and stringent performance criteria with the desire for practical, transparent, simple to understand criteria that ask the industry to respond to manageable step changes in practice’. The project OPEN HOUS...

Public health nutrition and food policy.

Food in its many manifestations allows us to explore the global control of health and to examine the ways in which food choice is moulded by many interests. The global food market is controlled by a small number of companies who operate a system that delivers 'cheap' food to the countries of the developed world. This 'cheap' food comes at a price, which externalises costs to the nation state in terms of health consequences (diabetes, coronary heart disease and other food-related diseases) and to the environment in terms of pollution and the associated clean-up strategies. Food policy has not to any great extent dealt with these issues, opting instead for an approach based on nutrition, food choice and biomedical health. Ignoring wider elements of the food system including issues of ecology and sustainability constrains a broader understanding within public health nutrition. Here we argue that public health nutrition, through the medium of health promotion, needs to address these wider issues of who controls the food supply, and thus the influences on the food chain and the food choices of the individual and communities. Such an upstream approach to food policy (one that has been learned from work on tobacco) is necessary if we are seriously to influence food choice.

Psychological Aspects of Road User Behaviour

The behaviour of road users is an important factor in accident causation. Traffic psychology, defined as ''the study of the behaviour of road users and the psychological processes underlying that behaviour'', attempts to identify the determinants of road user behaviour with the aim of developing effective accident countermeasures. Models of road user behaviour involve driver task analyses, functional control models, and motivational models focused on risk taking and risk acceptance. The relation between accident occurrence and the preceding behaviour is largely unclear; performance aspects as well as motivational aspects, individual differences and momentary state variables all appear to be relevant. Attempts to modify road user behaviour involve driver training, enforcement, and rehabilitation. Given the impact of the transport system on the environment in terms of pollution and land use, mobility, and the possibilities of influencing transport mode choice and travel behaviour, will be a major challenge in the future.

Road pricing ? should and might it happen?

After two decades of discussion and the development of ideas for traffic restraint, the centre of activity in this over-researched, undertested area of transport policy has moved to the Far East, prompted largely by the initiative of the Singapore government and the encouragement of World Bank officials. With one road pricing scheme now well into its fourth year of successful operation, and at least two others in the development stages, the Far East's demonstrable achievements contrast strongly with the inaction in Europe and America. Those Western countries which are pursuing the idea of road pricing - and they are few - are still involved in desk studies of variants of the technique, with little prospect of early implementation. Against this background, Higgins' paper presents a valuable opportunity to compare and contrast developments in North America and Western Europe. The two most obvious contrasts are in the source of the initiative for developing road pricing techniques, and in the importance placed on the objectives behind those developments. While the experience which Higgins reports is of a federal government agency encouraging reluctant local governments to experiment with road pricing, the initiative in the United Kingdom, in the 1970's at least, has arisen from local governments and their consultants, for instance in London, Bristol and York, and central government has not yet had to commit itself, in other than the general comments of recent policy statements, because local governments have not yet convinced themselves that the merits of road pricing outweigh the real and perceived disadvantages. Higgins mentions two main objectives for the pursuit of road pricing: the reduction of congestion and the improvement of the environment in terms of pollution, neighbourhood intrusion and noise. Both these objectives have been used to justify restraint in the United Kingdom too, but there is increasing doubt about their importance and of the ability of restraint to achieve significant improvements in them. Recent evidence on trends in speeds in U.K. towns and cities (Table I) suggests that there has been a steady improvement in operating conditions in central areas, with the possible exception of the latest data for London. These data need to be treated with