Russian Environment Research Articles

Economic crimes as a threat to Russia's socio-economic security

The security of the State, society and the individual is a fundamental task in ensuring the stability and prosperity of the country. This task implies the definition of rules and norms in relation to various social groups that correspond to the current institutional environment in Russia. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of economic crimes on the social security of citizens of the Russian Federation and ensuring economic growth in the country.To reveal the research topic, the paper considers the main basic indicators of Russia's socio-economic security. The methodological basis is general scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, ranking, etc. The main causes of the emergence and spread of economic crimes are presented in a systematic way. A retrospective analysis of economic crimes was carried out, and a trend line was drawn up. Using the ranking method, a rating of the leading regions in terms of socio-economic development was formed. It has been revealed that the scale of the spread of economic crimes has a fairly strong correlation with the institutional characteristics of the regions. The methods of combating economic offenses through the use of information technology are proposed.

The Impact of the Digitalization Process on the Social Environment in Russia

The Impact of the Digitalization Process on the Social Environment in Russia

Ландшафт меняющихся идентичностей на фоне военного вторжения: роман Тамары Дуды Доця сквозь призму перевода

In the environment of Russia’s ongoing war against Ukraine, literary translation acquires critical significance as a way to get Ukraine’s narratives of destruction and urbicide across cultural and political borders. This article will focus on Daisy Gibbons’s 2021 translation of Tamara Duda’s 2019 novel Daughter, set in the Eastern Ukrainian city of Donetsk, to examine the translator’s project of reconstructing the complex interplay of Eastern and Western Ukrainian identities embroiled in the narrative of crawling occupation. Daughter tells the story of Russia’s 2014 invasion of Donetsk, dissecting the city’s fragmented identity along cultural and linguistic divides and exploring internal tensions and propaganda-fueled conflicts leading to its eventual downfall. The storyline adopts the female protagonist’s insider/outsider perspective, tracing her gradual evolution from an invisible observer to a fearless insurgent fighting for the survival of her unravelling home. The analysis will centre on the translator’s approach, which combines textual and paratextual techniques to highlight the processes of division and destruction – with their transformative impact on the urban space – and to enter into a visible dialogue with the narrator/protagonist’s voice to amplify and reinforce its distinctly pro-Ukrainian perspective.

World Experience in Use of Indices to Assess the Urban Environment

In the last decade, the issues of comfortable living in an urban environment have become relevant. Whereupon, public spaces are constantly improved, and human habitation in it is improving. Quality assessing of the created conditions for comfortable living remains a difficult task due to the constantly changing human needs. Many countries including Russia solve this task, offering their own assessment methods. The article presents an analysis of international experience in the application of urban environment assessment indices and various ratings based on the obtained indices. The assessing methods of a comfortable urban environment are presented on the example of European countries and Russia. Since the use of indices for assessment the urban environment in Russia began much later than in other countries, the article presents an analysis of regulations and the essence of the methodology currently used. As a result, the purpose of the study is to analyze and evaluate the international and Russian experience in the use of indices for assessment of comfortable living conditions for people in an urban environment, the possibility of using this experience in Russian practice.

Issues of Education and Preservation of Family Values

The article shows that a successful solution to the problem of preserving family values is related to how the personality was formed. It is noted that today not enough attention is paid to applied genealogy as an integral part of the educational process. However, it has great potential and is capable of intensifying the desire for knowledge, revealing human talents and creativity when studying various sciences, primarily history, law, economics, etc. It is proposed to use a project-based interdisciplinary approach in the educational process, based on genealogical research in order to increase interest trainees and develop new research competencies in them. From these positions, an assessment is made of the monograph, which presents the results of many years of research by Professor V.A. Parkhomov about the service of members of the Barozzi del Els family, in the backdrop of a change in the historical and legal environment in Russia and their contribution to the country development over three centuries.

Направления организованной преступной деятельности в современных реалиях

Introduction. At present days the crimes being committed by the members of the organized criminal activities introduce a special danger. Taking into account the current environment in Russia and the development of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) the author considers that there is the necessity to study this issue. The aim of study: The main areas of the organized criminal activities, including those having been composed in the process of developing informational technologies, are examined. Methods: The methodological basis of the study is a universal dialectical method of cognition of counteraction to the organized crime in the process of developing the public relations and digitalization. The author of the article uses the general scientific (logical, system-structural) and particular scientific (the study of law statistics and normative legal acts, analysis of informational resources) methods of cognition. The research materials are the normative acts and scientific literature concerning the modern methods of fighting against the organized crime and also data about the criminal situation at the territory of the Russian Federation and law enforcement practice on the researched problem. Results: In this research the modern methods of fighting against the organized crime are analyzed. A great attention is paid to illegal drug trafficking, weapon trafficking, the use of informational technologies in the activities of the organized criminal structures. Special consideration should be given to the corruptive aspect of organized criminal activity. On the base of the author’s research measures against the current organized crimes are offered.

New Indicators of Business Uncertainty in the Russian Economy

The purpose of the article is to present the main results of the study on the development of methods and testing of tools necessary for continuous monitoring of the business environment in Russia by measuring the level of its uncertainty and identifying the degree of its influence on the dynamics of economic activity based on the analysis of business tendency surveys. This methodology was tested for the first time to assess the level of uncertainty in the business environment and its impact on the digital and technological development of domestic industrial enterprises.The source of data for the study is regular sample surveys of business leaders for the period from 2009 to 2022. Two independent databases are used: quarterly surveys of business activity of organizations of various types of economic activity to build national and industry indicators of uncertainty in the business environment and annual pilot surveys of digital activity of industrial enterprises to construct an indicator of uncertainty in the field of digital and technological development of industry.All calculated composite indicators were able to identify significant features of the economic situation for the Russian economy associated with shock events. When analyzing the fluctuations of the indicators under study, «spikes» are clearly detected in response to the shocks of the business tendencies in 2020 and 2022. In general, the period from 2020 to the present is characterized as a period of prolonged crisis associated with growing uncertainty in the Russian economic environment, the unprecedented scale of which was demonstrated by the constructed indicators.According to the authors, the proposed composite indicators expand the analytical capabilities of business tendency surveys data, creating the prerequisites for regular monitoring of changes in the level of uncertainty in the business environment and increasing the operational value of the information provided by companies. This allows to develop more accurate socio-economic scenario forecasts.

Ecological literacy of one of the competencies of a 21 century citizen

The current environmental situation requires a certain amount of knowledge of ecology in an individual regardless of their professional sphere as this information becomes an integral part of both professional and personal day-to-day life. The state of ecology requires help and support from humanity. Therefore, ecological literacy becomes one of the most demanded competencies for a person living in the 21 century. This concept is closely connected to ecological culture and ecological awareness and utilizes the psychological willingness of a modern person to behave according to concepts of ecological literacy. The knowledge of ecology positively affects waste management and reduces risks for nature posed by waste pollution and human activities. Therefore, the conducted research aims to examine the ecological literacy rate in the population of Russia overall and particularly concerning the issues of separate waste collection. The authors identify the reasons for reluctance to perform separate waste collection and suggest measures to stimulate it in the Russian Federation. The paper provides a review of a range of sociological surveys dedicated to separate waste collection and the state of the environment in Russia. The authors suggest a range of possible solutions for the issue at hand.

Тревожное экологическое будущее и экономика России

The key issues of the formation and development of the environmental system in the USSR - Russian Federation (1988–2022) are briefly reviewed, and it is substantiated that official data are insufficient for analyzing the state of the environment in Russia. Based on data on air quality in cities and pollution of water bodies, the environmental situation in Russia is classified as unfavorable, and the absence of significant positive changes is shown. Disadvantages in the development of federal environmental projects and other causes of environmental problems are considered. Suggestions for exiting the environmental depression are given.

КОМПЕНСАЦИЯ МОРАЛЬНОГО ВРЕДА КАК СПОСОБ ЗАЩИТЫ НАРУШЕННЫХ ЛИЧНЫХ НЕИМУЩЕСТВЕННЫХ ПРАВ И НЕМАТЕРИАЛЬНЫХ БЛАГ В ИНТЕРНЕТ-СРЕДЕ

The purpose of this article is to study the theoretical and legal aspects of compensation for moral damage as a mechanism for the prevention of offenses in the Internet environment. To achieve this goal, tasks such as the analysis of the content of the concept of «moral harm», the study of criteria for the systematization of personal non-property rights are set. The article uses modern methods of scientific cognition such as general scientific and private scientific research methods, which together made it possible to characterize compensation for moral damage as a mechanism for preventing offenses in the Internet environment.The results of the study include the formulation of scientific and practical proposals to improve the legal regulation of compensation for moral damage in the Internet environment in Russia, taking into account the established legal practice in foreign countries. The legal essence of moral damage as an evaluative concept and legal category is revealed in the fact that when determining the amount of the latter, judicial discretion is taken into account to the extent that it is allowed by Russian law, the model of civil procedure, the existing judicial system and established practice in courts. The article also touches upon the theoretical dilemma regarding the identification of a person in the digital space through the coverage of issues of the correctness of the use of personal data in the Internet environment. As a result, it is proposed to legislatively define the concept of «personal data» as «any information related to an identified individual or an individual who can be identified.» The analysis of the problem of tracking and recording the facts of offenses in the Internet environment, the problem of determining the amount and payment of compensation for moral damage caused in the Internet space is consistently given.The study is accompanied by conclusions arising from the analysis of the legislative regulation of compensation for moral damage caused on the Internet. As a result, the authors come to the conclusion that compensation for moral damage has certain features of manifestation on the Internet. Cases in this category have certain difficulties (the uncertainty of the defendant, the large volume of the information dissemination site, the defendant's ability to delete information, high costs for ensuring pre-trial fixation of evidence), which contributes to an increase in the marginal environment of the Internet environment. A proposal has been formulated on the need to catalog the amounts for causing moral suffering and provide the perpetrator with a wide margin of discretion, taking into account new approaches to determining the amount of compensation for moral harm on the Internet.

Prospects for the Development of University Campuses Integrated into Urban Environment in Russia and Kazakhstan

Prospects for the Development of University Campuses Integrated into Urban Environment in Russia and Kazakhstan

Current concepts of political discourse in modern Russian and Chinese media

This article is devoted to the analysis of the most important concepts of political discourse in Russian and Chinese media for the modern society of these two countries. The article discusses various approaches to the interpretation of political discourse in Russia and China, reveals their similarities and differences, analyzes the key concepts of political discourse and draws conclusions about the specifics of their functioning in the context of modern leading print media in Russia and China. The relevance of this topic is due to the importance of analyzing and understanding the media environment in Russia and China, which nowadays plays a significant role in shaping public opinion and broadcasting state policy both inside and outside the country. The subject of the study is the most relevant concepts of the mass media of the Russian Federation and China, as well as methods for creating political discourse in these countries. As a result of the study, a list of relevant concepts of Russian and Chinese media is proposed, a list of common and distinctive features of the political discourse of the two countries is given, and the reasons for the uniqueness of the national political discourse of Russia and China, due to their national characteristics, political system, ideology, and finally, cultural differences between the two peoples, are indicated. At the same time, an analysis of the publications of the leading media in the Russian Federation and China showed that the common topics of articles in the two countries are the role of language and state ideology in the life of modern society.

Exploring the relationship between nuclear and renewable energy usage, ecological footprint, and load capacity factor: A study of the Russian Federation testing the EKC and LCC hypothesis

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of nuclear and renewable energy usage on the environment in Russia, using a unique approach that emphasizes two important variables: ecological footprint and load capacity factor. The study employs autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) analysis to examine the relationship between energy consumption and environmental degradation, using data from 1992 to 2018. The study tests two hypotheses simultaneously: the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) and the load capacity curve (LCC). The findings reveal that renewable energy has both short-term and long-term environmental benefits, as these positive effects are indicated on both the LCF and EFP. In addition, Nuclear energy usage leads to a reduction in ecological footprint in both the short and long run. Although nuclear energy has negligible short-term effects on the load capacity factor, it has significant positive long-term effects. The study concludes that both nuclear and renewable energy can help improve environmental quality in Russia and provides evidence for the presence of both the load capacity curve (LCC) and the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypotheses.

Does the monetary policy of the United States affect the consumer price inflation in Russia?

Subject. The economic environment in Russia, similar to other countries, is represented by the consumer price index. It is regulated by the monetary policy of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. Since Russia participates in international economic relations, its economic environment is affected by the monetary policy of the USA, because this country plays the greatest role in the global economy and the global economic system as a whole. At the moment, the monetary policy of the Federal Reserve System of the USA has a stronger impact on consumer price inflation in Russia than the monetary policy of the Central Bank, because the US economy is significantly larger than the Russian economy. Specifically, an increase in money supply in the USA, required to stimulate economic activity in the country, can accelerate the growth of the consumer price index in our country. It is therefore important to build economic and mathematical models in order to predict the consumer price index in Russia based on the indicators of the CB and the FRS. Purpose. The purpose of our study was to determine the effect of the monetary policy of the CB and the FRS on the consumer price index in Russia and derive multiple autoregression equations in order to predict the consumer inflation rate in our country based on the indicators of the CB and the FRS. Methodology. In our study, we used general and specific scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, and statistical methods (correlation and regression analysis). The study was based on the analysis of relevant scientific literature and economic journals. Conclusions. The study determined that the monetary policy of the FRS directly affects the consumer price index in Russia. It also stresses the need to develop measures aimed at eliminating the side effects of the monetary policy of the FRS in Russia. The article demonstrates a strong negative effect of increased US money supply on the economic situation in Russia and a strong correlation between the M2 money supply in the USA, the US dollar index, and the consumer price index in Russia, as compared to a less significant impact of the key rate of the CB and the M2 money supply in Russia.

Sustainable Education and Digitalization through the Prism of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Our paper discusses how sustainable education has evolved at higher education institutions (HEIs) during the COVID-19 pandemic by embracing digitalization and novel technologies. In addition, it describes the innovative methods for integrating technology into professional education during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluate the global practices and fundamental changes in the sphere of higher education, particularly regarding sustainable education and digitalization. The paper aims at describing the challenges faced by higher education institutions in adopting sustainable education and digitalization, as well as the opportunities for growth and innovation that have arisen due to the pandemic. Our methods include the empirical model, which assesses the acceptance and usage of novel digital technologies for promoting sustainable education by university professors and academic researchers in four major Russian cities (Moscow, Krasnodar, Kazan, and Saint Petersburg) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of the model reveal the significance of implementing sustainability in the classroom, which could bring positive outcomes to both students and teachers. Our study provides a valuable resource for educators seeking techniques, models, and practical advice to overcome the obstacles of teaching in a digitally connected learning environment in Russia and beyond. Specifically, we propose that the primary focus of digitalizing professional education should be on teachers and instructors who are enthusiastic about leveraging technology for learning and who are familiar with novel digital technologies. It appears that digital technologies are capable of transforming teaching practices for sustainable education and economic development.

The Status of a Professional in Russian Institutional Conditions: Definition Methodology Group Specifics

Gaining the technological sovereignty is one of the main goals that the Russian Government is pursuing today. Under these conditions, the importance of professionals, who are “specialists of the highest qualification level” as defined by the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation, is growing. The information about dynamics, composition and specific features of the group of professionals in Russia is becoming more significant as well. However, professionals as a group are now poorly identified. Among the data on professionals available for a researcher, only two credible sources of information can be named – the employment statistics published by the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation and scientific publications devoted to them, and the date from The Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey – Higher School of Economics (RLMS-HSE). Only abovementioned sources provide data in which structure professionals are separately identified. Therefore, we assume that currently available information about professionals is insufficient, contradictory, and partly quite controversial. This is mainly due to methodological and methodical challenges of the definition of the term “professional”. This article analyzes how the term “professional” is defined in Russian science and statistics. The author offers ways to overcome the vagueness associated with the use of the term “professional” by analyzing features of Russian institutional environment. In this article, the main approaches to the interpretation of the concept "professional" in social sciences are determined. The specific features of the classification of the term in the ISCO-08 and All-Russian Classification of Occupations are considered in the article. The solution proposed involves correcting the basic version of ISCO-08 in RLMS-HSE databases. The advantages of an adjusted version of ISCO-08 that can be used in research on socio-professional structure in general and with the focus on professionals are demonstrated in the article. The article also discusses how the share, composition, and characteristic features of the group of professionals change when the approach offered by the author is applied. The multidirectional dynamics in the share of professionals when different versions of ISCO-08 are used is demonstrated on the RLMS-HSE data from 2001–2021, and the conclusion is made about the specifics of the institutional environment in Russia which strongly affects the situation of this professional group.

Urban success index: Rationale for data collection methodology and technique

Subject. This article discusses the prospects for the development of the urban environment in Russia. Objectives. The article aims to classify the major cities of Russia by level of economic, spatial, and demographic development. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of systems, comparative, logical, and statistical analyses. Results. The article presents the author-developed methodology for calculating the Urban Success Index. According to the values of the obtained index, all the largest cities of Russia can be divided into five clusters depending on the values of the main demographic and socioeconomic indicators. Conclusions. The Urban Success Index values obtained help note the trend of polarization in the development of the country, when the economy and population get concentrated in the largest cities.

Assessment of the comfort of the urban environment

Despite the legislative support for global ideas of new urbanism, the current development model of Russian cities continues to adhere to the direction of high-rise micro­district construction and uncontrolled expansion at the boundaries, leading to the irrational use of land and placing a significant burden on transportation and engineering networks. The research involved the analysis and comparison of various models of urban development as well as methods for assessing the quality of the urban environment. As a result, key factors influencing the creation of a comfortable urban environment were identified, including infrastructure accessibility, environmental sustainability, social equity, and spatial functionality. Based on the obtained data and the experience of other countries, recommendations and solutions for the development of Russian cities were proposed, aimed at optimizing land use, creating more functional and harmonious spaces, and improving the quality of life for urban residents. The research holds practical significance for urban planners, architects, and all stakeholders striving to create a sustainable and comfortable urban environment in Russia.

Modern factors of digital technologies application efficiency in brand promotion

The article presents an analysis of the global and Russian trends in the development of digital advertising in the promotion of brands. Based on the study of advertising reports and research agencies, analysis of statistical data and author’s developments of practitioners in the field of brand promotion on digital services, the features of building brand communications with target audiences are revealed. A number of priority tools for digital interaction of the brand with consumers are presented, a description of the factors and conditions for brand promotion in the digital environment is given. To reveal the current factors of the digital technologies use in the promotion of brands effectiveness, the following issues are discussed: 1) changing the structure of budget allocation and the dynamics of investing in promoting brands in the digital environment in Russia and in the world; 2) identification of effective brand promotion factors in the online format in comparison with established forms of traditional marketing; 3) disclosure of the brand promotion specifics in comparison with trademarks that have not reached the status of a brand. Based on the results of the in-depth interview with experts, a range of brand managers’ tasks engaged in the promotion of brands and trademarks in the digital field was revealed. The importance of developing a creative concept of the brand for the users’ emotional involvement is highlighted. The necessity of studying and searching for convenient forms for system configuration and effective business communications in specific cases development is shown.

Forest Eco-Governance in Russia in the 18th Century and Its Practical Significance

Abstract The history of forest eco-governance in Russia can be traced back to more than 1000 years ago, but before Peter I came to power, the forest eco-governance in Russia rarely considered forest regeneration and sustainable development. Since ancient times, the European part of Russia has been regarded as the most wooded and forested region in Europe. However, in the 18th century, the consistent use of timber as the main fuel in the Russian manufacturing industry and residential heating, as well as the unrestrained use of forests in shipbuilding, construction, timber export, etc. led to the rapid depletion of forests in some regions of Russia. In this context, the Russian government put the reinforcement of the national forest eco-governance on the agenda. Peter I is considered to be the first forester in Russian history. During his reign, he promulgated about 200 laws and regulations on the conservation of forest resources, and his successors further developed his ideas about forest ecological conservation. Although it failed to prevent the trend of destruction of forest ecological environment in Russia, it solved the problems of building a powerful country and a strong army, achieving industrial development, and meeting people's needs in Russia to a certain extent. The measures and ideas of eco-governance in Russia in the 18th century are of important practical significance.