Entry-level Model Research Articles

Cell culture models for epilepsy research and treatment

Acquired or hereditary epilepsy affects millions of people. Today, the disease is pharmacoresistant in about 30 percent of cases, meaning that the seizures do not come under acceptable control in response to medication. Therefore, there is a great need for the development of novel methods for epilepsy research and treatment. Although in vivo animal models best mimic the clinical features of epilepsy, in vitro models have clear advantages in elucidating the fine details and cellular mechanisms of neurological disorders. In contrast to short-lived experiments in acute brain slices, cell cultures are often chosen as chronic models for antiseizure medication screening and epilepsy research under reduced, well-controlled in vitro conditions that still include all major cell types susceptible to epileptic seizures. Organotypic brain slices or dissociated cells produce spontaneous synchronized epileptiform discharges classified as interictal and ictal-like. In addition, pharmacologically or electrically induced seizures and status epilepticus can be obtained for electrophysiological and imaging experiments. Relatively simple cell cultures of primary rodent neurons provide entry-level models for the initial screening of antiseizure medications and basic epilepsy research. However, more sophisticated human cultures of stem cell-derived neurons offer the possibility of medical studies using the human genotype without the need to obtain brain tissue from patients. As an evolution of this method, programmed differentiation of brain cells is now being used in stem cell therapy for neurological disorders. Overall, cell culture greatly expands the repertoire of methods available to study epileptic disorders and potential cures.

Exploring the Potential and Limitations of Drone Cameras for Smartphones: A Comprehensive Review

This Article contains the use of drone cameras for smartphones has become increasingly popular in recent years, providing users with the ability to capture high-quality aerial footage and photosfrom a unique perspective. This paper examines the various factors to consider when choosing a drone camera for a smartphone, such as battery life, camera quality, stability, and range. Additionally, local laws and regulations regarding drone usage are discussed. The market offers a variety of options, ranging from affordable entry-level models to high-end professional-grade drones. With the right device and practice, anyone can become an aerial photographer and filmmaker, making drone cameras for smartphones a unique and exciting way to capture stunning footage and photos from the sky. ). Currently a lot of projects related to the development of power for drones are conducted like battery of grapheme, pure lithium anodes, and fuel cells. A very important risks associated with the extensive use of civilian drones is related with privacy and the rights of citizens. Keywords:- Smartphones ; Drone Camera ; Privacy ; The Future of drone camera for Smartphones

Computed Tomography Scanner Productivity and Entry-Level Models in the Global Market.

Objective This study evaluated the productivity of computed tomography (CT) models and characterized their simplest (entry-level) models' supply in the world market. Methods CT exam times were measured in eight health facilities in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Exams were divided into six stages: (1) arrival of patient records to the examination room; (2) patient arrival; (3) patient positioning; (4) data input prior to exam; (5) image acquisition; and (6) patient departure. CT exam productivity was calculated by dividing the total weekly working time by the total exam time for each model. Additionally, an internet search identified full-body CT manufacturers and their offered entry-level models. Results The time durations of 111 CT exams were obtained. Differences among average exam times were not large, and they were mainly due to stages not directly related to data acquisition or image reconstruction. The survey identified that most manufacturers offer 2- to 4-slice models for Asia, South America, and Africa, and one offers single-slice models (Asia). In the USA, two manufacturers offer models below 16-slice. Conclusion Productivity gains are not linearly related to “slice” number. It is suggested that the use of “shareable platforms” could make CTs cheaper, increasing their availability.

Defining an Iterative ISO/IEC 29110 Deployment Package for Game Developers

Software development in a small development team is a challenge, as people have to fulfill several roles, which in larger groups would have dedicated people. To help in this aspect, the ISO/IEC 29110 Lifecycle profiles for Very Small Entities has been developed to help organization and manage the workflow. However, the model presented in the ISO/IEC 29110 is rather abstract, and prominently follows the waterfall approach, even though the documents do amend agile practices as one acceptable approach. In game development this loosely defined approach is problematic, since games industry heavily relies in the agile practices with short cycles of iterations. In this article, the authors present their study of game development organizations, and describe the ISO/IEC 29110 deployment package “Highly Iterative Software Processes” which combines the Entry level model with the industry-specific requirements. In general, the definition of support for the iterative development makes the model feasible for the industry.

Ignition of pyrophoric powders: An entry-level model

Chemically prepared metal nanopowders are normally pyrophoric, i.e. are liable to ignite spontaneously on exposure to air because of high reactivity and developed specific surface. On the other side, reliable theoretical models for spontaneous self-ignition of fine dispersed powders at room temperature have not been suggested so far. A deeper insight into the mechanism of the phenomenon would shed new light on the critical conditions for self-inflammation and thus would provide some clues for optimization of the passivation of fine dispersed powders. In this work, we formulated and analyzed an entry-level model for ignition of pyrophoric powders. Analysis of such a model in terms of the ignition theory gave the following results. Depending on the width of the reaction zone, the ignition may get started in either one or two stages. The duration of each stage was evaluated by using the approximate methods of combustion theory. The parametric limits for the model applicability were derived and the influence of sample length on the ignition process was explored as well.

Focus on lasers and imaging

Focus on lasers and imaging

The Competitive Implications of a 'No-Haggle' Pricing Policy: The Access Toyota Case

Using Toyota’s Access Program in Canada as a context, we explore the impact of a no-haggle, fixed-price strategy in a market where prices are typically negotiated. Since the program was implemented in all Canadian provinces except Ontario, this creates a natural experiment in which to examine the effect of a fixed-price strategy on the prices and sales of a firm and its close competitors whose prices are negotiated. We found that prices of Toyota models and their Honda counterparts were higher in provinces with the program. However, sales for Toyota (and the comparable Honda brands) remained the same after the program was introduced, despite the higher price. The only exceptions were their entry-level models whose prices remained the same across areas but who experienced an increase in sales. As Honda could have chosen to also implement a fixed-price policy, this suggests the possibility of an asymmetric price-policy equilibrium in the market.

Canon MS 300 Digital Microfilm Scanner

Canon recently introduced the MS 300 as the new entry level model of its digital microfilm scanner series. The MS 300 is reasonably priced and offers the resolution and grayscale capabilities of the top model MS 800 for less money than the MS 400.

Using the Skeleton Method to Define a Preliminary Geometrical Model for Three-Dimensional Speed Reducers

This paper deals with the first design phase of three-dimensional speed reducers. Concepts to help designers during the entry-level model definition are presented and, more particularly, those related to the task of geometrical synthesis. From these principles, a specific CAD tool has been built and is also described. A rough model, called a skeleton, is introduced to represent each conventional reducing stage category, thus enabling the automatic formation of entire geometrical models of speed reducers. Shaft orientations and positions are calculated from products of transformation matrices, in the same way as for spatial kinematic chain closure conventional problems. Optimisation techniques are used to obtain a preliminary dimensioning of the structure. The numerical processing is achieved progressively in three steps in order to improve the final convergence and, if necessary, to enlighten further the designer on failure origins within specification data. Three examples are given to illustrate both the creation of the geometrical model and the way results are obtained.

A single-chip IBM System/390 floating-point processor in CMOS

A floating-point processor with the IBM System/390® architecture is implemented in one CMOS VLSI chip containing over 70,000 cells (equivalent inverters), using a transistor channel length of 0.5 µm. All floating-point instructions are hard-wired, including the binary integer multiplications. The chip is implemented in a 1-µm technology with three layers of metal. All circuits are realized in standard cells except for a floating-point register and a multiplier array macro, which are custom designed to save chip area. Instructions are performed in a five-stage pipeline with a maximum operating frequency of 37 MHz. The chip measures 12.7 mm × 12.7 mm, and dissipates 2 W. It is part of the chip set which forms the core of the IBM Enterprise System/9000™ Type 9221 entry-level models.

Parallel distributed seismic migration

We report significant speedup for seismic migration running in parallel on network-connected IBM RISC/6000 workstations. A sustained performance of 15 Mflops is obtained on a single entry-level model 320, and speedups as high as 5 are obtained for six workstations connected by ethernet or token ring. Our parallel software uses remote procedure calls provided by NCS (Network Computing System). We have run over a dozen workstations in parallel, but speedups become limited by network data rate. Fiber optic communication should allow much greater speedups, and we describe our preliminary results with the fiber optic serial link adapter of the RISC/6000. We also present a simple theoretical model that agrees well with our measurements and allows speedup to be predicted from a knowledge of the ratio of computation to communication, which can be determined empirically before the program is parallelized. We conclude with a brief discussion of alternative software approaches and programming models for network-connected parallel systems.

Towards Safer Air Travel

UNTIL recently supercomputers were regarded as very specialised and expensive computing resources. But thanks to the influence of the UNIX operating system and decreasing cost of hardware, supercomputers are becoming more affordable. Availability of low cost entry level models and greater adherence to Open Systems is allowing full interoperability within mixed vendor environments.

Group Leadership Training: An Evaluation of an Entry-Level Model

Group Leadership Training: An Evaluation of an Entry-Level Model