Entrepreneurship In Context Research Articles

Women’s entrepreneurship in the informal economy: A socio-spatial perspective

What role does ‘space’ play in shaping entrepreneurial choices? Much of the western-centric evidence offers abstract models of spatial dynamics, reflecting socio-cultural assumptions about entrepreneurship and the need to fix ‘women’s deficits’, within formal representations of space. We problematize these views by focusing on the everyday realities of women involved in (informal) entrepreneurial activities in a developing country context, exploring their contradictions with the abstract representations of the informal economy and the development policy goals of reforming women’s work through formalization. Based on Lefebvre’s conceptualization of space to explore these contradictions, we draw on empirical data from entrepreneurs in the informal economy in Nepal, where the International Labour Organisation reports that almost 85% of the economically active population to be in informal employment. We offer an entrepreneurial narrative that focuses on women’s work on the maintenance of local attachments and connections, underpinned by reciprocity, moral obligation and indebtedness often appropriated or disrupted by development strategies. By placing emphasis on informal spatial dynamics, we provide empirical support for the limitations of a policy approach that renders women’s work invisible through its homogenizing economic focus, to contribute towards a richer theorization of entrepreneurial contexts.

Digital entrepreneurship landscapes in developing Asia: insights from the Global Index of Digital Entrepreneurship Systems

PurposeDigitalization is changing the way entrepreneurs pursue opportunities. We have elaborated a conceptual framework to gain a better understanding of digital entrepreneurship. Using this framework, we have developed the Global Index of Digital Entrepreneurship Systems (GIDES), an analytical tool designed to measure and comprehend the impact of digitalization on entrepreneurship. This study aims to answer the research question of what specific bottlenecks are hindering the performance of digital entrepreneurial systems in the countries under investigation, with a particular focus on developing Asian economies.Design/methodology/approachGIDES is a composite indicator that evaluates the performance of digital entrepreneurial systems on a national scale. Unlike traditional entrepreneurship or most entrepreneurial ecosystem measures, GIDES adopts a systemic approach using the Penalty for Bottleneck (PFB) algorithm to spot bottlenecks that potentially degrade overall system performance.FindingsGIDES assesses the digital entrepreneurship systems of 113 countries, with a specific focus on 21 developing Asian economies. Singapore is ranked first among developing Asian countries globally. However, most developing Asian economies have significant room for improvement. While developing Asia excels in terms of physical infrastructure, it needs to work on its culture and informal institutions.Originality/valueDigital transformation is not happening in isolation. Instead, it is closely linked to and happens within the context of entrepreneurship. The level of digitalization of the economy, described by digital framework conditions, impacts entrepreneurial activity through their influence on national-level general and systemic framework conditions. Thus, GIDES monitors all the general, structural and digital frameworks that support digital entrepreneurship. Consequently, it offers a deeper understanding of how digitalization impacts entrepreneurship.

You say you can, but can you? The impact of entrepreneurship education on unwarranted and gendered entrepreneurial self-efficacy - a calibration study

PurposeEntrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) has a dark side largely ignored in the field of entrepreneurship education. Research in educational psychology indicates that self-efficacy is prone to misjudgment, with novice learners often displaying overconfidence. Furthermore, this misjudgment is gendered; studies suggest that men are more likely to display overconfidence and less likely to correct erroneous self-assessments. However, realistic self-assessments are essential for effective learning strategies, pivotal for performance in the ambiguous entrepreneurial context. Therefore, this study explores whether entrepreneurship education helps mitigate overconfidence, and if this impact varies by gender.Design/methodology/approachCommon in educational psychology, but new in the field of entrepreneurship education, a calibration design captures discrepancies between perceived and actual performance. Data from before and after an introductory undergraduate entrepreneurship course (N = 103) inform descriptive analyses, statistical comparison tests and calibration plots.FindingsAs expected, nearly all novice students showed significant overconfidence. Curiously, gender difference was only significant at the end of the course, as overconfidence had decreased among female students and increased among male students.Originality/valueThe paper advocates a more nuanced stance toward ESE, and introduces ESE accuracy as a more fitting measure of entrepreneurial overconfidence. The findings flag the common use of self-perception as a proxy for actual competence, and evoke new research avenues on (gender differences in) learning motivations of aspiring entrepreneurs. Finally, the study shares guidance for entrepreneurship educators on fostering a “healthier” level of self-efficacy for better entrepreneurial learning.

Family, Friends, and Financial Know-How: Influences on Students' Intentions to Pursue Entrepreneurship, with the Moderating Role of Self-Efficacy

<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>The decline in unemployment rates in Indonesia is a major focus of the government, with entrepreneurship considered a potential solution. This study aims to examine the influence of family economic education, peer groups, economic literacy, and self-efficacy on students' entrepreneurial intentions. The research adopts a quantitative approach, utilizing a survey method with a Likert scale distributed to 292 students actively enrolled in universities in the Greater Jakarta area (Jabodetabek). Data analysis was conducted using <em>Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling</em> (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that family economic education and peer groups have a positive and significant effect on economic literacy and entrepreneurial intentions. Economic literacy was found to mediate the influence of family economic education and peer groups on entrepreneurial intentions. Furthermore, self-efficacy moderates the relationship between economic literacy and entrepreneurial intentions, enhancing the impact of economic literacy on entrepreneurial intentions when self-efficacy is high.</p><p>This research offers valuable insights for developing entrepreneurship education programs that involve families and create positive peer interactions among students. It suggests the need for educational institutions to integrate family-based economic education workshops and seminars, as well as establish entrepreneurship clubs and networking events to foster a conducive environment for entrepreneurial growth. Strengthening self-efficacy through personal development programs is also recommended to ensure that students can effectively apply their economic literacy in entrepreneurial contexts. These combined efforts can significantly enhance entrepreneurial intentions among students, contributing to reducing unemployment rates and promoting economic growth in Indonesia.</p>

Inside-out and outside-in: How entrepreneurial ecosystems can build legitimacy through signaling

ABSTRACT The entrepreneurial ecosystem is increasingly drawing the attention of scholars and practitioners, underscoring the importance of collective dynamics between entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial-support intermediaries in fostering entrepreneurial activity. The entrepreneurial journey is characterized by information asymmetry, with entrepreneurial actors sending signals as representations of their underlaying qualities, hoping to acquire necessary resources. Current entrepreneurship research predominantly applies signaling theory to individual and venture-level activities. However, studies that explore signaling within the broader context of entrepreneurial ecosystems are scarce. This paper aims to bridge the entrepreneurial ecosystem-signaling gap by offering insight into how emerging entrepreneurial ecosystems gain legitimacy. We analyze a nascent, privately governed entrepreneurial ecosystem located in Valencia, Spain. Employing a conceptual model based on our findings, we introduce a key boundary condition for the study of signaling in an entrepreneurship context.

Masquerade of power: women entrepreneurs reshaping gender norms in Kazakhstan's male-dominated sectors

PurposeThis study aims to examine how women entrepreneurs in Kazakhstan's male-dominated sectors utilize the concept of positionality to navigate and redefine gender norms, focusing on their engagement with entrepreneurial masculinities and femininities. It explores the transformative potential of their strategic actions on gender dynamics within the entrepreneurial ecosystem.Design/methodology/approachEmploying qualitative research through 27 in-depth interviews, this study adopts constructivist grounded theory to delve into how women entrepreneurs interact with gender norms within their entrepreneurial context. This approach highlights the dynamic interplay between gender norms and the strategies employed by women entrepreneurs to navigate these challenges.FindingsThe findings reveal that women entrepreneurs actively employ and navigate entrepreneurial masculinities and femininities as strategies to challenge traditional gender roles. Their approaches vary from conforming to, challenging and creatively redefining the gendered expectations encountered in their entrepreneurial journey. This demonstrates their agency in reshaping gender norms and contributing to the diversity of gender performances within the domain of entrepreneurship.Research limitations/implicationsWhile focused on Kazakhstan, the study's findings suggest broader implications for understanding gender dynamics in entrepreneurship across different cultural contexts. Future research could extend this inquiry to varied sociocultural settings, employing post-structuralist and ethnographic methodologies to further explore the performance of gender roles and the negotiation of belonging in entrepreneurial contexts.Originality/valueBy foregrounding the concept of positionality, this study enriches the dialogue on gender dynamics within entrepreneurship, offering fresh perspectives on the agency of women entrepreneurs in male-dominated sectors. It illustrates how gender identities and performances are not fixed but are actively constructed and negotiated, contributing to the evolving landscape of entrepreneurial masculinities and femininities.

Exploring the Formation of Sustainable Entrepreneurial Intentions among Chinese University Students: A Dual Path Moderated Mediation Model

As Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) gain traction in Chinese society, fostering sustainable entrepreneurship among university students has emerged as a key priority for universities and governments. Methods for increasing students’ sustainable entrepreneurship skills and knowledge for the creation of sustainable startups have attracted substantial attention. This study constructs a moderated mediation model based on entrepreneurial cognition theory to investigate the mediating roles of opportunity identification and attitude in the relationship between sustainable entrepreneurship education and sustainable entrepreneurial intention among university students, in addition to the moderating effect of empathy. The study surveyed 307 students from universities in the Yangtze River Delta region and employed hierarchical regression analysis to test the hypotheses. The results indicate that sustainable entrepreneurship education enhances students’ sustainable entrepreneurial intention by fostering their opportunity identification and attitude, and this enhancement effect is stronger when their level of empathy is higher. These findings enrich entrepreneurial cognition and empathy theories within the context of sustainable entrepreneurship and offer valuable insights for universities and policymakers in developing strategies to support sustainable entrepreneurship among university students.

From Risk to Reward: Understanding the Influence of Generation Z and Personality Factors on Sustainable Entrepreneurial Behaviour

Entrepreneurial intent has transformed over the last few decades to respond to current environmental, societal and economic challenges. An essential role in this transformation has been bequeathed to Generation Z. This study aims to evaluate the influence of Generation Z personality traits measured by internal locus control, perceived creativity (PC), proactive personality (PP) and sustainable perceived behavioural control (SPBC) on sustainable entrepreneurial intention (SEI) when mediated by Generation Z’s perception of risk. The sample for this study was collected through a data collection instrument in which 505 young people from Portuguese Generation Z participated. A quantitative methodology was applied through the Partial Least Square method. The results show that the personality traits, PC, PP and sustainable perceived control behaviour of Generation Z positively influence their risk perception (RP) and SEI. In turn, RP positively influences the SEI of these young people. No statistically significant relationship was found between the internal locus control of Generation Z youth and RP or SEI. This study is key to expanding identity theory to the context of sustainable entrepreneurship among Generation Z youth, highlighting how RP shapes their entrepreneurial practices. By contributing to the still scarce literature on generational cohorts in the field of entrepreneurial activity, the study offers a valuable empirical analysis of the relationship between personality traits and entrepreneurial intention. In addition, it deepens understanding of the emerging concept of sustainable entrepreneurship, providing important insights for promoting environmentally responsible business practices among younger generations.

An ‘E’ for ‘elite’ in EMI? Global, local and elite dimensions in the promotion of English-medium university programmes

ABSTRACT The move towards EMI in higher education has been connected to university internationalisation, which reflects neoliberal trends. Research has underscored the need to consider socio-economic factors, materialities and ideologies surrounding EMI. Our study taps into this line of inquiry by focusing on how Swedish universities promote EMI programmes in business and economics in four videos. We take a novel approach to examine discursively constructed ideologies surrounding EMI by conducting a critical multimodal analysis of the videos. The analysis reveals how the use and representations of English – combined with different symbols, artefacts and concepts – are used to position these EMI programmes as both global and local. References to international rankings and multinational business partnerships position them on the global education market. At the same time, the programmes are locally situated in the academic tradition and entrepreneurial context of Sweden. Images of nature, the fika, or Scandinavian design present them in a way similar to tourist destinations. Tokens of economic and cultural eliteness create an extra layer of distinction, contributing to the added ‘elite’ value of EMI, where English is both taken for granted and serves a gate-keeping function. Findings provide insight into how EMI is promoted to international students.

Innovation and sustainability from the perspective of entrepreneurial intention: a cross-cultural approach

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the influence of the theory of planned behavior (TPB), innovation and sustainability, through environmental awareness, in the formation of entrepreneurial intention (EI).Design/methodology/approachBased on the alignment between theoretical axes, such as the theory of planned behavior, adaptation–innovation theory and the environmental axis of sustainability, quantitative research was developed with students from Brazilian and Spanish universities. We obtained a sample of 686 university students enrolled in courses related to management in both countries. Data analysis included exploratory factor analysis and logistic regression.FindingsOur results revealed that the constructs of TPB (personal attitudes and perceived behavioral control) influenced EI, excluding subjective norms. Innovation had an influence on the EI of students from both countries. In Brazilians, valuing change predicts EI, highlighting the importance of flexibility. Conversely, Spaniards emphasize originality, valuing uniqueness and creativity as drivers of EI. Sustainability, via environmental awareness, did not influence EI.Originality/valueWith this study, we aim to encourage policies and practices aimed at higher education institutions globally, to broaden the understanding about the importance of environmental, innovative and social studies and practices aligned with the context of entrepreneurship. The final aim is to enhance social and environmental benefits generated by future entrepreneurs.

The impact of deep learning based- psychological capital with ideological and political education on entrepreneurial intentions

The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of psychological capital on college students’ entrepreneurial intentions. Through a combination of relevant analysis and linear regression, the primary focus is on exploring the relationship between psychological capital and its four dimensions with entrepreneurial intentions. Firstly, the items in the psychological capital questionnaire were revised to align more closely with entrepreneurial contexts. Subsequently, the average deviations and standard deviations of each dimension of psychological capital were analyzed. Then, the correlation between psychological capital and entrepreneurial intentions was examined to explore the extent of their relationship. Finally, regression analysis was conducted on both psychological capital and entrepreneurial intentions, and utilizing a recurrent neural network model, the covariant relationship between entrepreneurial psychological capital and intentions was explored. The results indicated that the average scores for entrepreneurial self-efficacy, optimism, hope, and resilience were 3.91, 4.27, 4.19, and 4.15, respectively. The average value of psychological capital was 4.13, indicating a moderately high level. The correlation analysis between psychological capital and entrepreneurial intentions yielded a result of 0.562, indicating a moderate degree of correlation. The correlation coefficients of the four dimensions with entrepreneurial intentions were 0.390, 0.494, 0.531, and 0.467, respectively. The standardized coefficients for psychological capital and its four dimensions were 0.564, 0.382, 0.510, 0.536, and 0.468, all of which were statistically significant. Overall, psychological capital exhibited better predictive power for entrepreneurial intentions than its individual dimensions. The results from the deep learning model similarly demonstrated the positive role of psychological capital in entrepreneurial intentions, though the influence of ideological and political education (IPE) factors was relatively weaker. In conclusion, both psychological capital and IPE have a promotive effect on entrepreneurial intentions. This study provides a reference for the accurate evaluation of college students’ entrepreneurial intentions.

Approaching the rural – Uncovering rural context in entrepreneurship

Approaching the rural – Uncovering rural context in entrepreneurship

Risk-Taking? Entrepreneurial Context, Individual Risk and Self-Esteem Moderator Role: An Experiment

Risk-Taking? Entrepreneurial Context, Individual Risk and Self-Esteem Moderator Role: An Experiment

Implementation of Islamic Business Ethics in Enhancing Entrepreneurship

Some common problems include a lack of understanding and inconsistent implementation of Islamic business ethics. Many barbershop owners and employees still struggle to apply these ethics consistently in their daily operations. This issue, coupled with intense competition in the barbershop industry, affects the effective implementation of Islamic business ethics. The aim of this research is to examine how Islamic business practices are applied in an entrepreneurial context, specifically focusing on barbershops. A descriptive qualitative case study method was employed to gain an in-depth understanding of the application of Islamic business ethics in Wisma Barbershop's daily operations and its impact on entrepreneurship. Data for this research were collected through interviews with barbershop owners. For analyzing qualitative data, the Miles and Huberman model was used. The findings indicate that Wisma Barbershop adheres to Islamic business ethics, incorporating principles such as morality and honesty, monotheism, justice, freedom, and responsibility. This study demonstrates that implementing Islamic business ethics in barbershops involves more than just providing services; it reflects a commitment to ethical business practices.

Maintaining the impact of action-oriented entrepreneurship training: the role of error mastery orientation for training transfer in an active learning setting

ABSTRACT Action-oriented entrepreneurship training can boost entrepreneurship, but positive short-term effects often decay over time. Based on training transfer theory, we argue that error mastery orientation is a personal characteristic that affects the maintenance of training outcomes over time in the transfer context of entrepreneurship. We implemented an action-oriented entrepreneurship training at a university in Uganda and collected data from training participants before (NT0 = 175) and after the training programme (NT1 = 164) as well as at a 1-year follow-up measurement (NT2 = 52). Growth curve models showed that the participants experienced an increase in entrepreneurial action and new venture creation over time. Furthermore, error mastery orientation influenced the maintenance of entrepreneurial action and new venture creation over time. The study contributes to theories of entrepreneurship training and training transfer by demonstrating that error mastery orientation is a boundary condition of the long-term effectiveness of active learning interventions, such as action-oriented entrepreneurship training.

Linking team emergent states to achieve persistence with a business idea in student teams

AbstractThe expanding research on team emergent states explains many facets of team dynamics in an entrepreneurial context. However, the interactions between team emergent states are still unknown. Detached from team emergent states, studies on student entrepreneurship have disclosed findings clustered around students' entrepreneurial intentions while neglecting the issue of persistence with a developed business idea. This study contributes to the literature by proposing an intersection between team emergent states and student entrepreneurial education research via a model where transactive memory systems mediate the effect of team efficacy on team persistence. The model is tested on a sample of student teams using a partial least‐square structural equation modelling approach. The findings support the proposed indirect effect. The study offers theoretical implications for team emergent states and policy implications for entrepreneurial education.

Intellectual capital and green entrepreneurship: a systematic literature review

PurposeThe study aims to analyze how the characteristics of intellectual capital (IC) facilitate green entrepreneurship development in the context of ecology, environment and sustainability. Specifically, the evolution of IC and green entrepreneurship was explored through a systematic review, including the relationships and interactions between human, structural and relational capital and green entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approachMeticulously combing the Web of Science Core Collection, the researcher conducted a bibliometric analysis of 800 English-language articles from 2002 to 2023. Employing co-word analysis and visualization, the literature on IC and green entrepreneurship was synthesized and systematized, exploring core topics, knowledge architectures and their evolutionary trajectories.FindingsThe IC elements such as human, structural and relational capital interact with green entrepreneurship; IC enhances the innovation and competitiveness of green entrepreneurship, while green entrepreneurship orientation influences the accumulation and reshaping of IC. The flow of IC impacts the establishment of green start-ups and the emergence of green industries, promoting sustainable growth.Originality/valueThe dynamic interplay between IC and green entrepreneurship is marked by intricate relationships and diverse attributes. Currently, no comprehensive theoretical model has been established to address the complexities intrinsic to this study. The evidence suggests that the green entrepreneurial orientation influences corporate initiatives to bolster human and structural capital, with structural capital serving as both a constraint and catalyst for human capital. The paper presents an embryonic framework of IC for green entrepreneurship, highlighting its critical role in the aggregation and reconfiguration of IC or venture creation and industry evolution. This contributes to a more profound understanding of IC in entrepreneurial contexts, providing a basis for future research and practical strategy.

Understanding Purposeful Leadership in Entrepreneurial Contexts: A Bibliometric Analysis

Leadership styles have evolved significantly in response to dynamic business environments and global challenges. Purposeful leadership, in particular, has gained attention for its potential to address these challenges by fostering innovation and ethical decision-making. The aim of this research is to identify and visualize publications on “Purposeful Leadership” within business organizations. This study uses the Dimensions database to collect relevant publications, which are then analyzed and visualized using VOSviewer. The bibliometric analysis includes various visualizations such as country-coupled, organization-coupled, source (journal)-coupled, authors-coupled, document-coupled, and keyword co-occurrence, focusing on articles published from 2014 to 2023. The results show that the USA ranks highest in terms of country-coupled bibliographic terms, with Maharishi International University (USA) leading in organization-coupled terms. The journal with the most citations is identified, while the most frequently cited documents and prolific authors are highlighted. The keyword “leadership” is the most frequently used, while “purposeful leadership” is still emerging, indicating substantial opportunities for future research. The growing interest in purposeful leadership, particularly in the USA, highlights the need for further exploration of this concept, especially in relation to other variables in management and business contexts. The findings emphasize the importance of developing integrative techniques to mobilize collective energy to address significant global challenges like climate change and social injustice. Purposeful leadership offers a solution to these needs, focusing on the role of leaders in articulating and addressing major problems in a focused and inclusive manner. This study underscores the necessity for more comprehensive research to fully understand the impact and potential applications of purposeful leadership in various organizational settings, paving the way for enhanced organizational performance and sustainability.

Entrepreneurial Knowledge, Motivation, Desires, and Intention: A Content Analysis Approach

Entrepreneurial marketing is widely recognized for its dynamic nature, characterized by innovation and adaptability in navigating intricate market dynamics. However, a significant gap persists in understanding how entrepreneurial knowledge intersects with market dynamics. This study aims to bridge this gap by exploring the influence of entrepreneurial knowledge on motivation, desires, and intentions. It emphasizes the pivotal role of entrepreneurial knowledge in shaping market outcomes, offering valuable insights for scholars and practitioners alike. Utilizing content analysis as a fundamental research method, the study delves into qualitative data to uncover themes, words, and concepts in entrepreneurship research domains. Through this methodological approach, it meticulously tracks antecedents, mechanisms, impacts, patterns, and trends in entrepreneurship, thus enriching the understanding of entrepreneurial dynamics. Moreover, the study explores the relationship between entrepreneurial knowledge and motivation within the context of entrepreneurship. Drawing on extensive research on entrepreneurial motivation and psychological mechanisms, it elucidates how entrepreneurial knowledge serves as a primary driver of motivation, influencing attitudes, intentions, and actions toward entrepreneurial pursuits. By integrating insights from diverse perspectives, this study contributes to a deeper comprehension of the interplay between knowledge and motivation in shaping entrepreneurial behaviors. Ultimately, the findings underscore the critical importance of fostering entrepreneurial knowledge and addressing socio-cultural influences to promote entrepreneurship across diverse contexts.

Mengembangkan Jiwa Kepemimpinan dalam Berwirausaha di Era Globalisasi

In the ever-evolving era of globalization, leadership skills in entrepreneurship have become increasingly crucial for business practitioners. This article aims to develop and strengthen leadership qualities within the entrepreneurial context through a community service program. This program is designed to provide training and guidance to local entrepreneurs, specifically students at SMK Kartika XX-1 Makassar, with a focus on developing leadership skills, business management, and adaptation to global changes. The methods employed in this program include workshops, mentoring, and realistic business simulations. The results of the program indicate a significant improvement in the leadership abilities and business performance of the participants. Furthermore, the program helps entrepreneurs become better prepared to face challenges and seize opportunities in the global market. These findings demonstrate that with the right approach, leadership qualities can be effectively developed within the entrepreneurial community, thereby contributing to sustainable local economic growth.