Responsibility Of Entrepreneurs Research Articles

Empowering Innovation: A Comprehensive Perspective on Muslim Business Ownership

In an increasingly vigorous business world religion and culture are influential factors in business development. Islam is the second largest religion so there is a dire need to present a holistic picture of the Islamic perspective of entrepreneurship. This paper demonstrates the Islamic principles of entrepreneurship and Islamic entrepreneurial ethics by utilizing the Quran, Hadith, and other available literature. The primary goal of this paper is to unravel the approach of Islam as a religion towards business activity and entrepreneurial activity. In addition, this paper focuses on how Islam as a religion affects entrepreneurial activity from micro to macro levels. The major themes of the study are halal, haram, taqwa, utilization of resources, business financing, and social and entrepreneurial responsibilities. In conclusion, the study regards Islam as an entrepreneurial religion. Topics for further recommendation are also given at the end for future researchers.

Empowering Innovation: A Comprehensive Perspective on Muslim Business Ownership

In an increasingly vigorous business world religion and culture are influential factors in business development. Islam is the second largest religion so there is a dire need to present a holistic picture of the Islamic perspective of entrepreneurship. This paper demonstrates the Islamic principles of entrepreneurship and Islamic entrepreneurial ethics by utilizing the Quran, Hadith, and other available literature. The primary goal of this paper is to unravel the approach of Islam as a religion towards business activity and entrepreneurial activity. In addition, this paper focuses on how Islam as a religion affects entrepreneurial activity from micro to macro levels. The major themes of the study are halal, haram, taqwa, utilization of resources, business financing, and social and entrepreneurial responsibilities. In conclusion, the study regards Islam as an entrepreneurial religion. Topics for further recommendation are also given at the end for future researchers.

Entrepreneurial Responsibility: A Conceptual Framework to Understand Ethical Dualism Throughout the Entrepreneurial Process

Entrepreneurs have been promoted as a main engine of progress. However, recent scandals and questionable behavior have led to increased discussion of entrepreneurs’ ethics. The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize entrepreneurial responsibility throughout the entrepreneurial process from an ethical viewpoint. We model entrepreneurial responsibility based on normative ethics (deontology and teleology), enabling us to better understand entrepreneurs’ active and conscious responses to their ethical duties and the consequences thereof. Our theorizing opens new avenues for scholarly research related to the ethical nature of opportunities, the interconnection of entrepreneurial intentions and outcomes from a moral perspective, and potential societal impact.

Operational Strategies and Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Nairobi City County, Kenya

The Kenyan Vision 2030 envisages a vibrant SME sector as one of the key sectors meant to make the economy industrialized by the year 2030. However, the SME sector has recorded poor performance in the past. Because most SMEs expand naturally and in accordance with the initial entrepreneur’s vision, many enterprises in this sector are run in a haphazard manner. Some organizations lack suitable structures and management processes, while in others, the original director is in charge of everything, from cash receipts, banking, and withdrawals, to more complex entrepreneurial responsibilities. Therefore, this study examined how operational strategies influence small and medium enterprises' performance in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The study specifically sought to examine the influence of supply chain strategy, product development strategy, process design strategy and customer focus strategy. The study was guided by Balance score card model, resource-based view theory, quality management theory and Ansoff Matrix theory. This study adopted a descriptive research design. The study population was SMEs based within the Nairobi City County. The number of SMEs directly targeted was 94. A census of 94 respondents was carried out. This is because the population for each category of the respondents was small. A structured questionnaire was used as a data collection tool to all the respondents. A questionnaire was piloted on 20 respondents to make sure that any error or missing item in it is identified and addressed so as to make sure they are valid and reliable. Validity was assessed using construct and content validity tests. Reliability was assessed with the use of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation and presented in tables, and figures. In addition, the study conducted inferential statistics that involved correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis to test the relationship between independent variables and dependent variable. The study found that supply chain strategy, product development strategy, process design strategy and customer focus strategy had a significant positive influence on the performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The study concluded that effective supply chain strategy leads to better collaboration with suppliers, better control quality and improved risk mitigation. Designing processes allows businesses to identify inefficient workflows, structures, and systems, re-design them based on current business needs, and implement the modified processes promptly to improve results. Product development strategy provides an ideal framework for creating new products or improving the performance, cost or quality of existing products. Customer focus strategy leads to improved sales, reduce the cost to serve, increase satisfaction and improve their operational efficiency. The study recommended that the management of Small and Medium Enterprises in Nairobi City County, Kenya should aim to efficiently and effectively implement lean supply chain strategy. In order to increase sales of their products, improve market position, boost customer loyalty, SMEs should generate insights that drive innovation and design user-centered products. When opening a new branch or department, business owners and managers need to understand what process design is, what its objectives are, and how it can improve the performance of their companies. The SMEs should put customer focus values at the heart of their culture that unite employees under common goals even roles that do not have day-to-day customer interactions.

Current status and system construction of used-furniture recycling in China.

To promote the development of the green and low-carbon wood industry and explore the current status and trend of China's used-furniture recycling, this paper summarizes the research status of used-furniture recycling and interprets governmental strategies, such as the development of used-furniture recycling system, the way of handling used-furniture by manufacturers, and the attitudes of customers towards used-furniture, through extensive literature reviews and market research. From such three respects as government, furniture manufacturers, and consumers, the problems of national used-furniture recycling are analyzed, for example, imperfect system, high cost, and weak awareness. Therefore, to solve the above issues, it is necessary to construct national used-furniture recycling system and methods. The government should pay attention to the construction of recycling network, the supervision and support of entrepreneurial responsibilities, and the formulation of recycling standards. For furniture manufacturers, the improvement of the durability and recyclability of furniture and the development of new models and new technologies for furniture recycling and transportation are their primary assignment. And for consumers, the improvements of their concepts of consuming and the environmental protection are in focus. In sum, it aims to provide both suggestions for the amelioration of the measures and methods, and support for the understanding of the change, of used-furniture recycling in China.

The Crime of Intellectual Forgery of Documents in the Form of Invoices

The article discusses the issue of intellectual forgery of documents in the form of invoices. It describes the current criminal regulation of the crime, its features and the threat of punishment. Doubts and dangers related to the introduction of the new regulation are indicated, and the directions of the legislation are marked. The above issues are extremely important from the point of view of running a business, the responsibility of entrepreneurs and people issuing VAT invoices.

FINANCIAL SECURITY OF THE STATE: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN THE STUDY OF INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL CAUSES OF CRISIS PHENOMENA IN THE ECONOMY

Abstract. The article maps out the topical issue of reinforcing the financial and economic security of our country by switching from uncritical compliance with standard requirements of financial institutions affecting the provision and amount of international loans to development of own economic policy on the basis of rethinking the reasons for the unsatisfactory state of the financial and economic security of Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to study the issue of increasing the sustainability of the financial system of Ukraine taking into consideration foreign experience and to determine the main direction of its provision with the emphasis on the priority development of the real sector of the economy. The financial security issue has become of paramount importance and relevance not only for Ukraine but for other countries as well. The study of foreign experience showed that stagflation of the 1970s provoked an erroneous neoliberal economic reaction. Policy responses were focused on deregulation of markets, in particular labour and financial markets, on the one hand, and on achieving the price stability instead of full employment on the other hand. This neoliberal «counterrevolution» created the conditions for the emergence of «financialization» or «finance-dominated capitalism» since the early 1980s first in the USA and Great Britain and then spread around the world. Over the past 30 or so years, finance began to dominate the industry, and non-financial corporations are increasingly engaged in financial rather than production activities. For instance, in Japan it resulted in the Great Recession. In Ukraine such policy has been implemented since the early 2000s under the influence of IMF requirements. As a result, the economy has lost the ability to provide a decent standard of living for the population and encouraged the labour migration and the increase of debt burden which was practically unavoidable without catastrophic consequences for state sovereignty. It is proposed to redirect the economic policy of Ukraine from spontaneous development of the «mechanism of financialization» to the creation of a mechanism for the development of real economy and effective creation of high-wage jobs complemented by the social responsibility of entrepreneurs and improving the regulatory requirements for legal regulation of public relations related to ensuring the financial security of the state. Keywords: financial security, gross external debt, liability, social responsibility, law, labour migration; employment of population, budget deficit. JEL Classification Е02, H63, K10, M14, O11 Formulas: 0; fig.: 2; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 26.

The use of the term compliance in order to improve the efficiency of companies

The purposes of the study are: to reveal the meaning of the term “compliance”; to define the use of the term “compliance” in the Russian environment; to determine how the term “compliance” functions in Russian legislation; to find out what different definitions, functions, and scope of use of compliance can be found in the legal field. The article discusses the importance of compliance in various fields: legal, economic, and management. In Russian legislation, the definition of the term “compliance” is not disclosed or applied more locally. Based on the Russian and Western definitions of the concept, this article offers an interpretation of the “compliance” definition. The article analyzes compliance procedures that should not only monitor compliance with current legislation, but also act as a risk-oriented model and take into account factors that affect the implementation of any type of economic activity. In order to reduce possible business risks and comply with legislation on the part of organizations, and to address the issue of responsibility of entrepreneurs on the part of state control and Supervisory authorities, it is necessary to implement a compliance system. The main principles for implementing compliance control are also highlighted. Compliance control should apply not only to a legal entity and its structural elements, but also to a group of individuals. The implementation of compliance control is important not only for business entities, but also for state control and Supervisory organizations, since compliance control allows you to determine the integrity of a business in carrying out its commercial activities, and is also a mitigating circumstance in determining responsibility and punishment.

PROGRAM PENDAMPINGAN HAK KEKAYAAN INTELEKTUAL (MEREK DAGANG) UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN USAHA ( USAHA PENGGILINGAN BAKSO KECAMATAN MEDAN AMPLAS)

The discussion researched in this Community Service is How the Legal Regulations in Registering Trademarks in Making Meatballs in the Bakso Milling Business in Medan Amplas District. What are the responsibilities of entrepreneurs with the ingredients used in the manufacture of meatballs that have not used the mark in Medan Amplas District. The method of community service used is juridical empirical community service, namely the service to the legal community which is carried out by directly examining the field where the object under study is conducted by conducting interviews.

МАРКЕТИНГОВІ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ПЕРСПЕКТИВ РОЗВИТКУ ВЕЛО-ІНФРАСТРУКТУРИ НА ОСНОВІ СТРАТЕГІЇ «ОДЕСА-5Т»

МАРКЕТИНГОВІ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ПЕРСПЕКТИВ РОЗВИТКУ ВЕЛО-ІНФРАСТРУКТУРИ НА ОСНОВІ СТРАТЕГІЇ «ОДЕСА-5Т»

Worries of open source projects' contributors: Patterns, structures and engagement implications

Several organizations depend on open source software (OSS) code or talent but scholars have expressed concerns about OSS projects sustainability because of the challenges they face and their high dependency on volunteers' contributions. Acknowledging that (1) challenges that contributors worry about may impact their level of engagement (2) there have been few research on nonpathological worry with non-clinical samples in work-related context as opposed to the pathological and clinical focus (3) calls have been made for further empirical research on equifinality perspective at a micro- and meso-level (or group level) as opposed to organizational level, and from a behavioral perspective. This exploratory research uses factor and cluster analysis to derive empirical worrying profiles and examines profile differences in the relative level of relevant antecedents as well as equifinality in terms of contributors' engagement (hours per week working on OSS projects). Based on an open dataset from a worldwide survey (N = 1024), the study reveals the existence of four dimensions of OSS worry construct and five worrying profiles with marked configurational differences: no major worry (34.70%), major worry on software quality (19.30%), major worry on attraction and retention (18.60%), major worry on entrepreneurial responsibilities (12.40%), and major worry on communications (15%). Among the five profiles, two profiles exhibit equifinality with high (equifinal) engagement level.

Labor practices - a promising area of social responsibility for pharmacy organizations

The theoretical bases of the social responsibility of business, the search for perspective directions of its development, as well as the historical aspects of the formation of the social responsibility of entrepreneurs abroad and in Russia are considered. The full characterization of external and internal directions of social responsibility is given, its multi- level character, conceptual definitions are shown. Thus, American scientists in their work on management in the United States define social responsibility as the actions of an organization that are undertaken for the benefit of society voluntarily, and not on demand. In modern Russian science, the social responsibility of business is defined as a broad concept that includes the complex responsibility of a business partner, employer, citizen and participant in social relations; as well as social responsibility implies the entrepreneur’s refusal to carry out activities that could harm society, in other words, the business should follow the principle of do no harm, and help. It is noted that in recent years in the Russian Federation the issues of social responsibility of business are considered in relation not only to large, but also to small business. It has been established that the interests of pharmacy workers today are not only in obtaining decent wages, but also in realizing goals such as job satisfaction, respect for the individual, support for education and career, etc. Long-term directions for the development of social responsibility of pharmacy organizations are formulated. A list of socially responsible labor practices is defined, the main ones being: the provision of comfortable and safe jobs; development of labor potential of employees (competence, skills, training, career growth, etc.); building of confidential relations of the employer with employees (truthful informing about the state of affairs in the organization, avoidance of deception and discrimination of employees), etc. Socially responsible labor practices can become the basis of their own social programs of employers, which will not only avoid the turnover of staff, but also attract the best specialists in the market, ensure the growth of the reputation of the organization and improve its image, which in the long run will be a promising advantage in the competition between pharmacy organizations.

Strategic directions of social management of the Voronezh region economy

Over the past decades, Russian society has changed significantly. A virtual information and financial space is being formed, where there are no customary boundaries of territories. Social communication begins to develop in new forms, knowledge is exchanged and social consciousness is manipulated. To develop the economy, the most acute social need is its focus on social landmarks. An urgent need is the creation of mechanisms: the approval of uniform, equitable, social bases of legality in all regions of the Russian Federation; maintenance of civil peace; intellectual self–reproduction of the nation, through the appropriate system of education, education, health; reduction of income differentiation; self–realization of man. The ongoing social tolerance is not an expression of the slavish or heroic traits of the nature of Russian citizens, but rather the manifestation of expectations from the political process of what the immature market economy was not capable of accomplishing. Potential factors of the region's strategic development or its competitive advantages are highlighted in the paper. Five strategic directions of social management of the region's economy are grounded: the first is the creation and maintenance of a healthy atmosphere for sustainable development of the region; the second – stimulation of the aggregate consumer demand of the Voronezh region; the third is the democratization of capital; the fourth – the social orientation in agriculture; the fifth – the adjustment of the environmental policy of the region. For each direction, the distribution approaches are highlighted. So, the first direction involves: increasing the social responsibility of entrepreneurs, the entire population, executive and legislative authorities to society. The second is based on the skilful expansion of the intervention of regional and municipal authorities in the economy. The third should involve considerable investments in the regional economy, expand and strengthen the middle class, people living not only on wages, but also on other incomes. The fourth involves: improving the economic security of the country and preserving the integrity of the territories and the region as a whole. The fifth is aimed at saving natural resources and strengthening environmental control. The mechanisms for implementing these directions are considered.

Organizational Evolution - How Digital Disruption Enforces Organizational Agility

Abstract The success of almost any business depends on the promotion of digital excellence. Disruptive technologies like Hadoop, IoT, Blockchain or DevOps pose completely new challenges for business development. While there is no doubt about the need for keeping pace with the technical progress it is blurry how much this affects leadership and organizational agility. At least in Germany, many analysts record a gap between the engineering innovativeness and an inadequate digital leadership. It is evident, that digitization leads to new occupational profiles and a specific stress on the organizational fabric. Many companies experiment with start-up culture, entrepreneurial responsibility and more flexible team patterns, but a consistent approach for manager is still missing. In this preliminary discussion we address three dimensions to increase a company’s agility in times of digital Darwinism: structural flexibility, software-driven occupational profiles and requirements for leadership.

Work-related stress, associated comorbidities and stress causes in French community pharmacies: a nationwide cross-sectional study.

BackgroundLike other health professionals, community pharmacists are exposed to stress factors (being efficient, avoiding mistakes and bearing emotional load), but they are also under the pressure of entrepreneurial responsibilities. The main objective was to assess the level of work-related stress in French community pharmacies. The other objectives of the study were to assess the associated comorbidities and causes of work-related stress.MethodsThis observational cross-sectional study was sent to all French community pharmacies by email. The survey was anonymous and designed to collect the following items: socio-demographic factors, professional status, characteristics of community pharmacy, work-related stress (visual analogic scale—VAS), fatigue (VAS), sleep disturbances (questions), anxiety and depression symptoms (hospital anxiety and depression scale), medical consultation for work-related stress, medication use for work related stress, psychoactive drug-use and causes of work-related stress. Participants were included in the survey if they were pharmacists (owner or assistant) or pharmacy technicians working in a community pharmacy at the time of the survey. Exclusion criteria were defined as follows: pharmacy students or other professionals involved in a community pharmacy (e.g. dietician, beautician) and lack of professional status information. There was no age limitation.ResultsAfter three months of data collection, 1,339 participants answered the survey and 1,272 participants were included in conformity with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and to avoid missing data on the primary endpoint. Work-related stress was detected in 32.8% (417/1,272) of individuals (scores ≥70/100). Men were significantly more affected than women and there was no difference between professional statuses and no relation with the age of the participants. Work-related stress was significantly associated with anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep disturbances, medical consultations, medication use, alcohol consumption above the WHO recommendations for men and psychoactive drug use. Three causes of stress were clearly identified and related to stress levels, workload, working atmosphere and deterioration of work quality. However, causes of work-related stress were significantly different among professionals, for example: entrepreneurial burden for pharmacists-in-charge and workload for employees (assistant pharmacists and pharmacy technicians).DiscussionWork-related stress has a very strong impact in French community pharmacies. This stress was associated with several comorbidities and induces health resource consumption. Several causes of work-related stress have been identified such as workload, working atmosphere and deterioration of work quality; however, these causes could be detected and managed to improve stress levels. We recommend developing individual and organizational stress management in French community pharmacies.

Profit and Fair Play: How Economic Theories of Entrepreneurship Can Help Us Recognize an Employee When We See One

This paper proposes a three-part test to help simplify worker classification and connect the law with the overall purposes of our economic system. Existing legal tests struggle to provide justifiable and workable guidance for courts, employers, and workers. One recent response has been an increased focus on entrepreneurship. However, neither courts nor scholars have paid sufficient attention to economic theories of entrepreneurship to inform their reliance on the concept. By drawing from classic economic theories of entrepreneurship, this paper will argue that a worker should be considered an employee unless she assumes entrepreneurial responsibility within her economic relationship with the hirer and that entrepreneurial responsibility consists of three elements: (1) the assumption of liability for economic uncertainty; (2) the exercise of control over the allocation of resources being combined to sell in the market; and (3) participation in the market discovery process by buying resources to sell in the market in the pursuit of profits. Aside from its simplicity and wide-ranging applicability, the proposed three-part test is superior to other existing tests for employee status because it corresponds with the principle of fair play and the very reasons why we organize our economic activities within markets and firms. Because our economic system is a cooperative enterprise within which we organize our economic activity into markets and firms so that we can all benefit from an efficient allocation of resources, the principle of fair play suggests that it would be unfair for economic actors to benefit privately by circumventing the bifurcation of work into markets and firms in our economic system. This principle can explain and justify a wide variety of the need for distinguishing employees from independent contractors in a parsimonious and unified way.

Tanggung Jawab Pelaku Usaha kepada Konsumen tentang Keamanan Pangan dalam Perspektif Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen

Food security is very crucial in every aspect of human lives that all humans will fulfill their food needs by producing the food on their own or buy readily consumed food. When consumers consume food, they badly expect foods that are safe for their bodies. We might often encounter consumers who have problems with their health, which sometimes leads them to death due to consuming dangerous foods. A food entrepreneur should be responsible of the mistakes they have made on producing dangerous foods which harm and endanger the health of their consumers, and cause their death at some cases, either the mistakes are on purpose or unintended. The responsibility of entrepreneurs is the responsibility that is based on the harm caused on the consumers and the consumers in this case have to prove the mistake of the entrepreneur. However, there is another alternative of responsibility that ease the consumers, which is called strict liability. This kind of responsibility is a form of risk from the entrepreneur and proving the mistakes should use reverse proof system, in which the entrepreneur is responsible to prove their own mistakes in the food production.

Protection of Intellectual Property Rights in Russia: Novels Civil - Legal Regulation

The article is devoted to new provisions of the Russian civil legislation in the intellectual rights protection sphere. The legal analysis of the specified short stories gains relevance and the importance in connection with entering of essential changes into the fourth part of the civil code of the Russian Federation regulating the legal protection of intellectual property. The research objective was definition effective civil – legal rights mechanism protection for objects of the intellectual property taking into account changes in the legislation. The specified purpose defined need of the solution of the following tasks: to investigate relation, and also protection and responsibility measures specifics in the considered sphere; to reveal features of application of new legislative designs in the field of protection of the intellectual rights; to consider features of collecting monetary compensation for violation of an exclusive right. The specified tasks were solved with the use of general scientific and private scientific methods. In the research are formulated the offers and recommendations promoting uniform application of norms of civil law in the case of violation of the intellectual rights. In particular, the conclusions of the distribution of the provisions of the civil legislation of the Russian Federation about the increased responsibility of entrepreneurs in the field of non-contractual breach of intellectual property rights. In general is supported the aspiration of the Russian legislator to the improvement of legal categories in the intellectual rights protection field. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3s6p257

La eficiencia en el sector financiero en España: un enfoque de género

The purpose of this work is to study the economic repercussions which maybe experienced as a result of the participation of women in high-level decisionmaking processes of financial sector businesses listed in the Spanish capital markets. An analysis is made of the relationship between the presence of women in posts of entrepreneurial responsibility and the success of the organization, using the theoretical framework provided by the management of diversity. The methodology used is analysis of linear regression, and analysis of variances (Anova). The statistical analysis offers the conclusion that the presence of women the Boards of the companies studied does not entail any impairment of the results of the business, and therefore, it is not understood that they do not have access to such posts on the same conditions as their male colleagues.

SPIRITUAL ECONOMIES: Islam and Neoliberalism in Contemporary Indonesia

This essay argues that the convergence of religious ethics and business management knowledge illustrate the formation of what are termed spiritual economies. Spiritual economies conceptualize how economic reform and neoliberal restructuring are conceived of and acted on as matters of religious piety and spiritual virtue. The spiritual economy described consists of producing spirituality as an object of intervention, reconfiguring work as a form of religious worship, and inculcating an ethic of individual accountability and entrepreneurial responsibility among workers. Drawing on 18 months of ethnographic research, the majority of which took place at Krakatau Steel in Banten, Indonesia, this essay describes a moderate Islamic spiritual reform movement active in state-owned companies, government bureaucracies, and private enterprises in contemporary Indonesia. Proponents of spiritual reform consider the separation of religious ethics from economic practice as the root of Indonesia's economic crisis because this disjunction resulted in rampant corruption, inefficiency, and a lack of discipline at the workplace. The essay analyzes these efforts to inculcate Islamic ethics in combination with western management knowledge that is expected to enhance economic productivity, reduce endemic corruption, and prepare employees of state-owned enterprises for privatization.