Participation Of Entrepreneurs Research Articles

Do makerspaces affect entrepreneurship? If so, who, how, and when?

AbstractResearch SummaryMakerspaces are physical spaces that offer individuals fabrication tools and materials (e.g., 3D printers) to make artifacts. Although not designed specifically for entrepreneurs, these spaces offer affordable access to rapid prototyping infrastructure. This study examines whether makerspaces affect entrepreneurship and, if so, who, how, and when. Leveraging hand‐collected data on US makerspaces and large archival data on Kickstarter projects, I show that makerspaces positively affect entrepreneurial participation and subsequent commercialization outcomes. However, these effects are mostly specific to hardware (vs. nonhardware) activities that typically involve physical prototypes. I find that the effect on entry is driven more by new (vs. established) but intentional (vs. accidental) entrepreneurs and that the effect on commercialization comes from two operating and complementary channels—resource provision and social facilitation.Managerial SummaryDespite a few high‐profile anecdotal entrepreneurial successes that emerged from the increasingly popular makerspaces, whether these spaces have large‐scale effects on entrepreneurship remains unclear. Do makerspaces encourage entrepreneurial participation, if so, who? Do makerspaces benefit entrepreneurial commercialization, if so, how? Are there any conditions determining when these effects would occur? This study demonstrates meaningful broad‐based impacts of makerspaces on particular types of entrepreneurship with growth potential. The findings suggest that competitive, prominent accelerators and incubators are not the only avenues for entrepreneurs to achieve commercialization success. Useful insights are discussed for entrepreneurial program managers and policy makers designing systems and structures that support inclusive prosperity for entrepreneurs.

Factors Influencing Entrepreneurial Intention of the Senior High School Students

Entrepreneurial intention is the foundation for any decision to start a business or endeavor, making it a more significant predictor of future entrepreneurial participation. Since it is the most critical predictor of entrepreneurial behavior and a crucial component in comprehending the process of launching new business ventures, this study aimed to identify the factors that influence the entrepreneurial intentions of the Senior High School Students of St. Paul University Surigao. This study applied the quantitative research design employing a descriptive survey technique with 275 respondents. The main instrument employed in gathering necessary data was the researcher-made questionnaire. The collected data were treated using sample percentage, mean and standard deviation, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed a significant difference in the factors influencing the entrepreneurial intention of the senior high school students when grouped according to their family business and strand. The research results could serve as background knowledge and a framework for future researchers doing deeper investigations similar to this study.

Optimalisasi Dinas Perindustrian dan Tenaga Kerja dalam upaya pemenuhan hak pelatihan kerja sebagai wujud pengembangan keterampilan kerja di Kabupaten Klaten

This study aims to (1) optimization of industry and labor services in an effort to fulfill the right to job training as a form of job skills development in Klaten Regency, (2) analyzing the inhibiting factors of the Klaten District Office of Industry and Labor in fulfilling the right to job training as a form of developing work skills. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. With data sourcess obtained using observations at the Industry and Labor Office of Klaten Regency and the Sewing Work Training Participants’, food processing and welding Homes, interviews with the Training and Work Placement Section and four sewing job training participant, two new entrepreneurial participants in food processing and welding and documentation that suports the research program. Data collection techniques using observation techniques, interviews and documentation. Data validity was tested using data triangulation amd method triangulation. While the data analysis technique according to Muhadjir with (1) data reduction (2) data presentation (3) conclusions. The results of this research are (1) optimization of industry and labor services in an effort to fulfill the right to job training as a form of job skills development in Klaten Regency, there are several things that are not yet optimal, including a) Not yet having a Job Training Center b) There are still problems with selection process and lack of job training program. Step taken by the Klaten Regency Industry and Labor Service to optimize job training by a) Utilizing Job Training Institutions b) Screening selection participation c) Increasing the number of training according to needs d) Providing other alternatives (2) Inhibiting factors for the industry and labor services in an effort to fulfill the right to job training as a form of job skills development in Klaten Regency, there are two things, including for the poor a) There are some teaching staff who do not have competent certificates and b) The training participant factor. And for people who are not in the poor category, a) There are no Job Training Centers, b) Inadequate infrastructure c) Training participant factors, and d) Programs for job placement are still limited.

PENGARUH PENGETAHUAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN DAN MOTIVASI BERWIRAUSAHA TERHADAP MINAT PESERTA WIRAUSAHA PADA DINAS KOPERASI DAN USAHA MIKRO KOTA DEPOK

This study is motivated by the influence of entrepreneurial knowledge and entrepreneurial motivation on the interest of entrepreneurial participants at the Depok City Cooperative and Micro Business Office. This is done to see how much the level of entrepreneurial knowledge and entrepreneurial motivation of entrepreneurial participants in Depok City. The research method used is quantitative method because it is a method used to determine the relationship or influence between two or more variables. Data collection techniques through observation, documentation, interviews and questionnaires distributed to 80 respondents using probability sampling techniques with simple random sampling. In analyzing the data, using Instrument Test, Classical Assumption Test and Hypothesis Test. The results showed that the coefficient of determination was 0.806, this means that 80.6% of the contribution of the Entrepreneurship Knowledge Variable (X1) and Entrepreneurial Motivation (X2) influenced the interest of entrepreneurial participants (Y). The conclusion from the data analysis above is that there is a positive and significant influence of Entrepreneurial Knowledge and Entrepreneurial Motivation on the Interest of Entrepreneurial Participants at the Depok City Cooperative and Micro Business Office.

Entrepreneurial participation depth on household risky financial asset allocation

This paper aims to investigate the impact of entrepreneurial participation depth on household risky financial asset investments. The issue is examined using Probit and Tobit models based on the data of the 2017 China Household Financial Survey. First, the depth of entrepreneurial participation of entrepreneurs has a significant negative impact on whether their families participate in the risky financial market. Second, the more assets invested in entrepreneurship, the fewer households invest in risky financial markets. In addition, the depth of entrepreneurial participation would further squeeze out the degree of involvement in the risky financial market based on risk diversification and liquidity demand. Finally, the crowding out effect of entrepreneurial participation depth on household financial asset allocation differs between urban-rural duality and trust degree. This study further explains the mystery of limited participation in the risky financial market, helps understand the background risk characteristics of entrepreneurial families, promotes the scientific allocation of risky financial assets of related families and the stable operation of the risky financial market.

Business Education and Entrepreneurial Participation in Punjab: Mediating Role of Financial Literacy

Business Education and Entrepreneurial Participation in Punjab: Mediating Role of Financial Literacy

Not by what we see: how Christian religious beliefs influence market and community logics in a rural context

PurposeThis study aims to address decision-making processes of Christian entrepreneurs living and working in rural areas. The authors draw on the institutional logics perspective and stewardship perspective to demonstrate how religion influences rationality and entrepreneurial decision-making processes in a rural context.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts a qualitative interpretive approach supported by ethnographic fieldwork. Qualitative and interpretative analyses are used to access deeper insights into the decision-making processes of Christian entrepreneurs in a rural environment. Data include short-term immersive events, observations and interviews as COVID-19 pandemic restrictions lifted in the region.FindingsThis study reveals that normative (religious) commitments – a sense of moral duty and action influenced by religion – and a high-religiosity context – where religion permeates diverse aspects of life – lead to behaviors that are perceived as rational and normative. In this context, the normative relationship between a market and a community logic, alongside a logic of religion, are all linked through a stewardship perspective. A broad focus on the development of community and place also safeguards business and community interests.Research limitations/implicationsSince the findings are based on one rural area and one religion, future studies should address a broader range of geographical areas and religions. In this study, uncertainty arising from COVID-19 pandemic restrictions and the resumption of business exchanges also influence the decision-making processes of the entrepreneurial participants. While the findings reflect the normative dispositions and the decision-making processes that are inherent in this context, an even broader examination of rural entrepreneurship will benefit our understanding of entrepreneurial decisions in terms of rationality and place.Practical implicationsThe findings reveal that entrepreneurs who relocate to a rural, high-religiosity context should first assess how the community affiliated through a set of beliefs – expects actors to behave. Additionally, applicability to other religions requires further consideration.Originality/valueThis study answers the call to examine entrepreneurship and the underpinnings of rationality that challenge mainstream debates on entrepreneurial decision-making and religion. The findings answer this call by advancing the knowledge of the decision-making process of religious entrepreneurs. In this respect, the findings present a context where rational business behaviors, influenced by a market logic, are transformed through exchanges with a community informed by a logic of religion. A conceptual model illustrates the nature of this context and associated processes.

Improving Entrepreneurial Competence Through Talent

The research aims to determine the differences in the entrepreneurial mentality of talented or untalented students in conducting entrepreneurial incubation activities. The research uses a sample of students who have entrepreneurial talent and students who do not have entrepreneurial talent as participants in entrepreneurial incubation. Participants obtain guidance, mentoring, strengthening potential and facilitation in accordance with their respective talents. Talent mapping and mentoring are conducted through incubation treatment of students as an experimental group who have talent and students as a control group who do not have entrepreneurial talent. Both groups are equally treated with entrepreneurial mentoring. Data collection through interviews, questionnaires, documentation, literature studies, observations and research analysis with quasi-experimental trials of experimental groups (KE) and control groups (KK) with pretest-posttest control group design. The final result of the data through the trend of business development carried out by entrepreneurial participants. The development of the entrepreneurial mentality of students who have talent is higher than entrepreneurs who do not have entrepreneurial talent, based on valid model testing, goodness of fit is able to improve the entrepreneurial mentality of talent-based students.

Les paradoxes de l’engagement entrepreneurial de jeunes adultes québécois

Au Québec, les jeunes sont nombreux à s’engager dans des projets professionnels d’entrepreneuriat social afin de conjuguer leurs besoins de participation sociale et politique et leur désir de réalisation personnelle et professionnelle. En nous appuyant sur une série d’entretiens approfondis auprès de ces jeunes, nous analysons le sens que prend cette expérience pour eux et les paradoxes que soulève ce phénomène social. Les jeunes expliquent qu’elles et ils sont engagés dans des projets entrepreneuriaux pour se sentir utiles et pour exprimer leurs valeurs de justice et de solidarité sociale. Tout en remettant en question les logiques du marché capitaliste, elles et ils utilisent le langage néolibéral de l’« entrepreneur de soi », ce qui soulève des paradoxes et met en lumière la pauvreté des discours collectivistes et politiques que la société leur propose.

The economic dimension of revitalisation in Poland - local authorities' perspective

Motives: The paper focuses on economic aspects of revitalisation of distressed areas and discusses results of the first and so far the only one survey on the subject conducted among the local governments in Polish municipalities. The article continues our previous research on sustainable revitalisation and focuses attention on one dimension of revitalisation – the local economy. We propose an innovative framework for economic revitalisation, which has been positively verified on the basis of the analysis of research results. The article also explores the views of local authorities on entrepreneurial participation in revitalisation. Aim: The main objective is to develop a research method for analysing economic revitalisation and to identify local authorities’ perception of priority policy interventions for economic revitalisation in Polish municipalities. We also aim to verify the scale of entrepreneurs’ involvement in planning and monitoring revitalisation. Results: Respondents show higher appreciation for economic revitalisation approach based on renovation and modernisation of buildings and technical infrastructure. The integrated approach to economic revitalisation was indicated by the fewest respondents. The low level or total lack of mobilisation of the business community around revitalisation in economic dimension can be considered as significant threats to the achievement of its objectives.

Influence of Role Model Factors on Women Entrepreneurial Participation in Agriculture (A Case Study of Kebbi and Sokoto States, Nigeria)

Influence of Role Model Factors on Women Entrepreneurial Participation in Agriculture (A Case Study of Kebbi and Sokoto States, Nigeria)

Ethnobotanical research of tree species used in wood carving in Southern Benin: Perspective for sustainable forest conservation

Background: This research aimed at assessing the diversity of timber species used in wood carving in southern Benin, identify various sources of wood as well as most species used. We also stated that wood is recorded as the most used part for carving. The scarcity or availability of species with quality wood and their causes in recent years were assessed. Carvers’ willingness to contribute to species conservation was also documented. With a perspective of sustainable forest conservation, the impact of wood carving activity on forests was also assessed. Methods: A preliminary survey was conducted to determine the number of wood carvers in three districts of Southern Benin. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from twelve wood carvers. Data was analyzed through descriptive statistics, mainly using percentages and mean. We determined the Use Value of the most used species for woods in order to assess their relative importance. Results: Twenty-two species were used in wood carving with most species having red or yellow wood. The purchase of wood in industrial markets was the predominant source, followed by the direct purchase from plantation and tree owners. Among the main woody species used including Diospyros mespiliformis, Chlorophora excelsa , Tectona grandis and Gmelina arborea , the Use Value (i.e. relative importance in terms of diversity of uses) was the highest with G. arborea and C. excelsa . While most of carvers mainly accused logging of making wood scarce and destroying forests and plantations, only a minority (25%) own G. arborea and A. auriculiformis plantations. Carvers indicated their willingness to have plantations of T. grandis and G. arborea for personal use and trade. Promoting reforestation and timber species plantation are plausible through imntegrated policies, such as: (i). Developing appropriate silviculture; (ii). Sensitizing actors about forest conservation, the need for appropriate silviculture by giving priority to the quality of products and techniques at all stages; (iii). Strengthening forestry services capacities, consolidating technical achievements and monitoring forestry actions; (iv). Establishing, consolidating and developing sustainable self-promotion capacities of rural populations mainly women's groups, based on the integrated land development, beneficiaries' entrepreneurial participation and the commercialization chain promotion at community and regional scales (v). Creating and supporting institutional structures in monitoring learning; (vi). Promoting the advent of self-managed rural forestry based on the principle that reforestation really develops whether it can generate its own resources. Conclusions: A diverse range of tree species are used in carving in Southern Benin. The most used species were D. mespiliformis , C. excelsa , T. grandis and G. arborea . Gmelina arborea and C. excelsa had the highest Use Value. Carvers indicated their willingness to contribute to species plantation and conservation. Wood carving had an impact on forest and thus a need to promote reforestation and plantation, and to raise awareness with wood carvers on sustainable resource utilization and management. Key words: Fragmentation; Plantations;Reforestation; Use Value; Wood Carving

Understanding the Change of Small Business Customers Neurobehavior Affected by the Outbreak of Corona Virus 2019 in Indonesia

This qualitative study aimed to understand the changes in the neurobehavior of small business customers as a result of national social distance policies in response to stop the spread of the Corona virus 2019 pandemic in Indonesia. The effort to stop the spread of Covid-19 is believed to have a close relationship with changes in the buying decision neurobehavior of all small business customers globally including Indonesian businesses. To help understand this change and its complexity caused by national social distance policy, there are a series of observations and in-depth interview sessions with some Indonesian culinary connoisseurs. After the data is collected, the process of analysis using qualitative phenomenological techniques and in-depth interpretations to see changes in collective neurobehavior meets the reliability and validity of research questions. Strengthening existing information on responses from changes in the neurobehavior of small business customers, the results revealed that the 15 voices of local customers interviewed from different neurobehavioral perspectives, incentives and perspectives have shown relatively significant changes related to government policies regarding social distance during local lockouts. Based on some previous observations; the study of neurobehavioral change resulting from covid-19 has given a big impact for small business decision makers. The results of this investigation can be divided into three parts; First, changes in customer neurobehavior in support of the national policy of closing the crowd, including the market. Second, concerns of small business people that small businesses have difficulty helping customers buy less what they only need rather want. Third, the customers are more shop from home using digital especially those in city areas. Therefore, direct input from the community is very useful in making the next policy to respond to community-related actions with entrepreneurial participation in government actions against the corona-virus epidemic. Then further research will be needed as supporting research evidence to anticipate the spread of the 2019 corona virus.

Religious Practices and Women Entrepreneurial Participation: A Case Study of Kebbi and Sokoto States, Nigeria

Religious Practices and Women Entrepreneurial Participation: A Case Study of Kebbi and Sokoto States, Nigeria

Motivations of Female Entrepreneurs in Housing Business and Implications for Sustainable Development of Affordable Housing in Lagos

Despite growing belief that housing is a potent platform for alleviating poverty (SDG #1), promoting good health (SDG #3) and enhancing decent employment (SDG #8), it is worrisome that the sustainable provision of affordable housing for all remains unattainable in many cities across Nigeria, including Lagos. Consequently, entrepreneurs exploring opportunities in the housing sector are becoming more popular. Emerging evidence also affirms that female entrepreneurs are aggressively penetrating the housing market despite prevailing imbalances in gender representation. Given the humongous challenges faced by the Lagos housing market and the scarcity of studies exploring female entrepreneurship in the housing sector, this study examines motivations behind female entrepreneurial participation in the Lagos housing sector. Adopting a mixed research methodology, the authors sought to answer the research question: What are the factors motivating the participation of female entrepreneurs in the housing sector, especially in Lagos? The adopted eclectic approach involved collecting multiple data through social media and face-to-face interactions. Between October and November 2018, female entrepreneurs in the real estate business and residents of Lagos were asked why they opted for entrepreneurship in the housing sector. The responses gathered were critically reviewed and pulled to develop a survey instrument, which was later administered among 140 female entrepreneurs in housing across the state. Following the extraction of data, the choice of the number of factors to be retained was guided by a critical component of exploratory factor analysis. The findings show that the motivations of female entrepreneurs in the housing business can be categorized into three namely family satisfaction, personal achievements, and financial satisfaction. The study recommends that stakeholders in the housing sector should consider the peculiarities and aspirations of women when formulating housing and land policies.

Entrepreneurial participation and performance: the role of financial literacy

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between financial literacy and entrepreneurial activities, and the moderating effects of industrial regulation in the relationship between financial literacy and entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, the role of financial literacy on entrepreneurial participation and performance is investigated through multi-sourced data from the Chinese Family Panel Studies with manually merged provincial and industrial data from 2014. Four hypotheses are tested based on Probit and Tobit models. Moreover, instrumental variable method and principal component analysis are applied to provide robustness checks.FindingsThe empirical results demonstrate that financial literacy has significantly positive effects on entrepreneurial participation, as well as on entrepreneurial performance. In addition, industrial regulation positively moderates the effects of financial literacy on entrepreneurial participation and performance, which indicates that financial literacy plays a more important role in promoting entrepreneurship in tightly regulated industries.Originality/valueThis study proposes and tests the effects of financial literacy on entrepreneurial activities, which fills an important gap in the literature. The results in this paper provide evidence that financial literacy has positive impacts in both the entry and operation stages of entrepreneurship. This evidence provides theoretical foundations for policy making in popularizing financial knowledge and supporting entrepreneurial activities. Moreover, this research further reveals the effects of industrial regulation in the context of China, suggesting that the government should be more effective in promoting administrative decentralization and reducing unnecessary interventions.

Social Networking and Women Entrepreneurial Participation in Sokoto State-North West Nigeria

The study is a sectorial assessment of the influence of social networks on women entrepreneurial participation in Sokoto State. From five sectors (wholesale & retail, agriculture, education, manufacturing and processing, and hotel/restaurant/recreation) a sample of 343 women entrepreneurs were purposively selected and the multinomial logistic regression was utilized to test the study hypothesis. Findings indicate varying degrees of influence of social networks in predicting women entrepreneurial participation in the five sectors. Interestingly, social network variables i.e. Networking meeting format and whether individual attend social network meeting significantly account for women entrepreneurial participation in some key sectors, entrepreneurial capability was found to have negative influence in only one sector but other social network variables, perceived value, and free flow of social network information do not have influence on women entrepreneurial participation in all the sectors examined. It follows that to enhance entrepreneurial participation among women policy makers should redirect enterprise support to social networking associations to facilitate optimal production and economic development.

Social Interaction and Family Entrepreneurship

Since the call of Premier Li Keqiang for the mass entrepreneurship and innovation”, the society has set off a wave of entrepreneurship for all. Among them, college students, international students and returning migrant workers are particularly prominent. Inspiring the double innovation” vitality has also become one of the important governance goals of the government at all levels, and the effective path to seek to stimulate entrepreneurial vitality has become a hot topic of concern for policy makers and theorists. By using the latest 2016 micro-data from the China Family Tracking Survey（CFPS）, and the discrete selection model and the OLS model, the article analyzes the impact of social interaction on family entrepreneurial decision-making, and explores its mechanism. The results show that the three agent variables of social interaction: human welfare payments, communication expenditures and non-family members’ meal expenses have a positive impact on family entrepreneurial decision-making at a level of 1%. Specifically, in the case where other variables are fixed, each increase in one unit of human welfare payments, communication expenditures and non-family members’ meal expenses will increase the chances of family entrepreneurship by 1.7%, 3.7% and 3.5%. As far as the impact mechanism is concerned, （1）Social interaction information acquisition and social learning mechanism indicate that in areas with high entrepreneurial participation rates in districts and counties, whether it is human welfare payments, communication expenditures or non-family members’ meal expenses, entrepreneurial decision-making has had a positive impact; in areas with low entrepreneurial participation rates in districts and counties, in addition to personal spending, communication expenditures and non-family members’ meal expenses will also have a positive impact on entrepreneurial decision-making. However, from their coefficient, the social interaction coefficient of the districts with high entrepreneurial participation rates is far greater than the social interaction coefficient of the districts with low entrepreneurial participation rates, which indicates that the social interaction effect of districts and counties with high entrepreneurial participation rates is greater than that of districts and counties with low entrepreneurial participation rates, that is, the social interaction effect of districts with high participation rates in districts and counties is more obvious.（2）The relative wealth concern mechanism shows that in the regions with low income Gini coefficient, the three agency variables of social interaction have a positive impact on family entrepreneurial decision-making; in the regions with high income Gini coefficient, except for the impact of human welfare payments on family entrepreneurial decision-making, the coefficient of the other two agent variables are not significant. This shows that in areas with small income gaps, the effect of social interaction on the participation of family entrepreneurs is more obvious.（3）The financing constraint mechanism shows that social interaction helps to alleviate the financing constraints of family entrepreneurship through informal lending channels, thus effectively increasing the probability of family entrepreneurship. The expansive discussion shows that social interaction and network information are also channels for family entrepreneurs to obtain relevant information, and there is a mutual substitution relationship between them. We use the cross-coefficient coefficient of the two to measure this substitution relationship. The results show that the coefficient of social interaction and network information cross-term is negative. Although it is not statistically significant, the economic significance indicates the existence of this alternative relationship. The policy implication of this paper is that it provides a new policy perspective for stimulating the double innovation” vitality. Relevant departments should fully consider the role of social interaction when formulating policies involving individual family entrepreneurship.

Innovation Hubs in Africa: An Entrepreneurial Perspective

Innovation hub organizations, or hubs, have proliferated across the African continent, which has caused excitement but also disillusionment among stakeholders of technology entrepreneurship. This paper takes a step back from the debate about whether hubs work, and instead tries to clarify what work hubs do for African technology entrepreneurs. The study summarizes practical implications from a multi-year empirical inquiry into how hubs work, and documents the perspective of entrepreneurs. The findings show that entrepreneurial participation in hubs is a key success factor. However, hub participation is socially complex, in that different entrepreneurs’ decisions and levels of commitment continuously affect each other. The paper then discusses what difference innovation hubs can realistically make for technology entrepreneurs, highlighting that hubs’ biggest potential lies in creating communities of entrepreneurs, while they rarely have significant impact on any given entrepreneur’s individual journey. Hubs are thus facilitators and not creators of interactive, collaborative, and collective entrepreneurial value creation. They depend on active participation of their constituents and on a good fit with their local environments. Funders, leaders, and supporters are thus advised to refrain from seeing hubs as interventions that lead to linear impact chains, as this misconception appears to have caused many false expectations towards African hubs.

Economic empathy in family entrepreneurship: Mexican-origin street vendor children and their parents

ABSTRACTResearch on ethnic entrepreneurship has shown that children of immigrants may experience an economic advantage associated with their entrepreneurial parents’ ‘modes of incorporation’ – the individual, group, and structural opportunities and characteristics that facilitate entrepreneurial participation and consequent economic progress. This ethnographic study examines street vending as a family enterprise and finds that the entrepreneurial, but nevertheless, disadvantaged Latino street vending parents experience economic stagnation. Child street vendors in this study experience compounded disadvantages stemming from their parents’ social locations rooted in unauthorized status, informal work, and stigma, as working together shortens the distance between ‘adulthood’ and ‘childhood’. Yet, street vending also sets the stage for children to develop economic empathy, a resiliency that results from experiencing their parent's position of oppression that helps prevent an authority shift in favour of the children.