Enterprise Support Policy Research Articles

Text classification study of enterprise support policies based on Bert+DPCNN+BiGRU model

Text classification study of enterprise support policies based on Bert+DPCNN+BiGRU model

지방자치단체의 사회적기업 지원정책 집행과 적극적 시민의식의 역할

As the type and category of social problems expanded, it became complicated that could not be solved only by the state or market mechanism, and a social economy that combines social values and market economy emerged as a new alternative. The government recognizes the usefulness of social enterprises as a voluntary subject of social value creation and provides support policies for them, but the implementation level of support policies for social enterprises varies considerably from local governments. Therefore, in order to promote the implementation of social enterprise support policies, it is necessary to diagnose what factors cause differences across jurisdictions. The political and socioeconomic environment and conditions have been considered important as factors affecting the activism at the local government level. In this study, citizenship held by members of the local community is presented as one of the main environmental variables that affect the implementation of social enterprise support policies. As a result of analyzing local governments' social enterprise product purchases and citizen awareness survey data, it was confirmed that the solidarity factor of active citizenship had a positive effect on the execution of social enterprise support policies. Therefore, in order to develop the social economy, including social enterprises, policy efforts to promote citizens' social efficacy should be expanded.

Social Enterprise Support Policy Factors Affecting Employment of Persons with Disabilities

본 연구는 사회적기업의 장애인 고용에 영향을 미치는 지원정책 요인을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 장애인을 고용하고 있는 270개 사회적기업의 2019년도 자율경영공시자료에서 사회적기업의 유급근로자 중 장애인 근로자 수를 종속변수로, 독립변수는 사회적기업의 특성과 사회적기업에 대한 지원정책으로 설정하고 사회적기업의 지원정책 요인이 장애인 고용에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 위계적 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 소재지(수도권, +), 근로자 수(+), 인증유형(일자리제공형, +), 업종(제조업, +), 사회적기업 병행 인증(병행사회적기업, +), 기업후원금(-), 일반기부금(+), 사업개발비(-), 사회보험료 지원(+), 기타정부지원금(+)이 장애인 고용에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과를 근거로, 사회적기업의 장애인 고용 활성화를 위한 방안을 제언하였다.

Social Enterprise Support Policy for Employment Promotion of People with Disabilities by AHP

본 연구는 장애인고용촉진을 위한 사회적기업 지원정책 중요도와 우선순위를 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 장애인을 고용한 사회적기업에서 3년 이상 근무한 경력이 있는 관리자급 종사자 29명을 대상으로 한 설문자료를 실시하였고, 계층적 의사결정모델(AHP)을 활용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 상위요소의 우선순위는 직접지원, 간접지원, 법⋅규제 지원 그리고 기타 장애인 다수 고용 시설에 대한 지원 순으로 나타났으며, 둘째, 종합 우선순위에서는 인건비, 사업개발비, 우선구매, 홍보, 지원정책수립, 시설비, 인증제도 운영, 장애인고용지원금, 지도 및 감독, 세금감면, 교육훈련, 경영지원, 시설장비무상지원, 장애인 고용시설 자금융자, 고용관리비용지원 순으로 분석되었다. 이상의 연구결과를 바탕으로 사회적기업 직⋅간접적 지원정책의 병행 지원, 장애인 다수 고용 사회적기업의 차등된 지원 및 인증체계 마련, 장애 친화적 환경을 구축하기 위한 지원 등에 대한 방안을 탐색할 수 있었다.The purpose of this study was to analyze the importance and priority of social enterprise support policies for employment of people with disabilities. The survey data of 29 manager-level workers who have worked in social enterprises employing people with disabilities for more than 3 years were analyzed using the analytic hierarchy process(AHP). As a result, First, the priority of the top components was 1)direct support, 2)indirect support, 3)legal and regulatory support, and 4)support for employment facilities for people with disabilities. Second, the priority of the sub-components was 1)labor costs, 2)business development costs, 3)preferential procurement, 4)public relations, 5)support policy, 6)facility costs, 7)accreditation system for social enterprise, 8)employment contribution for persons with disabilities, 9)monitoring, 10)tax reduction, 11)education and training, 12)management support, 13)free support for facilities and equipment, 14)loan of employment facilities for people with disabilities, 15)employment management cost support. Based on the above research results, support for direct and indirect support policies for social enterprises, differential support and certification systems for social enterprises for people with disabilities, and support for establishing a disability-friendly environment were proposed.

Spatial Dimension of Czech Enterprise Support Policy: Where are Public Expenditures Allocated?

Abstract The purpose of the present paper is to find whether the spatial distribution of enterprise support policy funds meet the spatial objectives stated in Czech strategic documents related to enterprise support policy. Are more funds allocated in lagging regions, and does enterprise support policy contribute more to the convergence objective, or are more funds allocated in core regions, and does enterprise support policy contribute more to the competitiveness objective? These questions are answered by evaluating the Structural (and Cohesion) Fund (SF) expenditures that were allocated on operations categorised as part of enterprise support policy (2007-2013). The dependent variable relates to 206 regions, and SF expenditures are calculated for every inhabitant of a region. Moreover, two types of SF operation are distinguished: (a) innovationoriented operations; and (b) other enterprise support operations. Three explanatory variables are defined using Principal Components Analysis (PCA), and these components are understood as: (1) the social disadvantage of regions; (2) the innovation environment of regions; and (3) the quality of regional entrepreneurial environments. The associations between the dependent and explanatory variables are subsequently evaluated by methods of correlation and regression analysis. The findings provide some evidence for both the convergence and competitiveness objectives. Nevertheless, this evidence is rather limited due to a low spatial concentration of SF allocation, and the compensatory effect between the two thematic types of SF operations. Hence, while the quality of their innovation environment has a positive influence on regional SF allocation regardless of the thematic focus of SF operations, socially disadvantaged regions received more funds for SF operations which are not innovation-oriented. The capacity of potential beneficiaries to prepare and submit many project proposals for SF co-financing is the main reason for high or low SF allocation.

Using Contribution Analysis to evaluate small & medium enterprise support policy

This research illustrates a pragmatic approach to evaluating the small and medium sized enterprise policy support in small or intermediate N research situations. A public interest perspective is taken. The suggested approach is most appropriate in settings where, for a variety of reasons, a study is unable to meet the requirements of a true experimental design (e.g. random assignment, establishment of counterfactuals, control groups, random samples, etc.). This approach will deliver findings on the contribution of the multiple factors influencing a result and will show whether the implicit theory of change for the policy under evaluation makes the expected contribution to the observed result and in what way. The Contribution Analysis finds that the theory of change for the policy under analysis was not verified in the study period. The outputs and outcomes of the analysis broadly support this conclusion. Moreover, the study finds that the primary limiting factor on profitable small and medium sized enterprise growth was the ‘limited endowments of managerial resources’ (Penrose, 1959) to manage the value-adding growth process and the lack of ‘well thought out, well managed projects’ (Walsh, 1985) and not lack of access to equity finance as surmised by policymakers. Whilst Ireland is used as the case example in the study, there are significant lessons for policy evaluators in other late-developing states and in regions with policy autonomy in the enterprise domain.

Determinants of Profitability of Polish Rural Micro-Enterprises at the Time of EU Accession

Abstract Rural micro-enterprises are an important factor in sustainable rural development in post-transitional Eastern Europe. This paper deals with determining the key factors influencing profitability in rural micro-enterprises in Poland. The research design was based on a questionnaire survey of 300 rural micro-enterprises in the food-processing sector in rich and poor Polish provinces. The analysis carried out in this study is centered around the Polish EU accession in May 2004. Similar to other related studies, our results show that EU accession was not perceived as a major change by rural Polish micro-entrepreneurs and that the EU related factors were not significant determinants of their profitability. However, our results also show that the success of the rural food processing micro-enterprise in Eastern Europe is most related to its owner/manager and enterprise characteristics. For the owner/manager the most significant determinants are his/her age and risk-taking as the main motive for establishing an enterprise. The enterprise characteristics that determine the profitability include enterprise location within a region with competitive situation, enterprise size (being a sole trader or family enterprise), IC T advancements in enterprise and the fact whether the enterprise has any certificates for its products. The results have significant implications for the researchers and policy-makers and can become a basis for preparing relevant enterprise support policies in post-transitional Eastern Europe

Revitalizing regional economies through enterprise support policies: an impact evaluation of multiple instruments

Although enterprise support policies continue to be favored by policymakers in the European Union (EU) as tools for regional revitalization, there is as yet insufficient empirical evidence examining the effects of the policies on socially relevant outcomes. This paper helps fill that gap by utilizing firm-level data to offer robust counterfactual impact evaluation evidence on the employment effects of the coexisting European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) co-sponsored, national and regional programs commonly operated in many EU regions. By using data from a large northern Italian region, the analysis yields employment impact estimates of the policies under plausible identification assumptions. The paper finds no significant difference between the employment impacts of ERDF co-funded and national/regional programs, whereas, regardless of the funding body, the absolute per-firm employment effects of the programs are increasingly larger the higher the economic value of the incentives. However, the most generous incentives come with a much higher cost per each additional new job. The analysis also shows that the absolute per-firm employment effects of soft loans are similar to those of capital grants, but, because soft loans cost much less, they are more effective from a policy perspective.

For and against? An exploration of inadvertent influences of policies on KIBS industries in the Finnish policy setting

Knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) are a key sector in any knowledge economy, and as such they are subject to multiple policy influences. This article considers the inadvertent impacts of policies on KIBS, using examples drawn from the policy setting in Finland. The key elements of the policy environment are described, with particular attention to innovation policy and small and medium enterprise support policies. The direct and indirect effects of public policies on KIBS are explored with particular attention to effects on innovativeness. The role of research and training organisations as a semi-competitor of KIBS is highlighted. The examples analysed suggest that policy has simultaneously both positive and negative impacts on the innovativeness of KIBS industries.

Policy Support for Small Firms in Rural Areas: The English Experience

This paper is concerned with small business development in rural areas and the policy approaches currently being used to support them. The key question underlying the paper is the extent to which small businesses located in rural areas have distinctive support needs, associated with the characteristics of rural businesses themselves or their owners, and/or the characteristics of the external operating environment for business in rural areas. A related question concerns the possible influence of enterprise characteristics and the characteristics of rural areas on how the business support needs of rural businesses are best addressed. The study comprised a desk-based review of existing literature relevant to the support needs of rural enterprises and/or the means of addressing them. It also included primary research on policy initiatives and programmes concerned with enterprise development in rural areas. Telephone interviews were conducted in 2001 with representatives of Business Links with catchments that included rural areas, as well as other key agencies (for example, the Countryside Agency). In addition, twenty-four case studies were completed of rural policy initiatives, based on face-to-face interviews. Following a brief review of key literature, an overview of the policies currently being operated by Business Link is described, based on the survey. This is followed by an identification of good-practice principles of rural business support, based on an analysis of the case-study support initiatives. The paper concludes by identifying the implications of the analysis for future enterprise support policy.

Developing a Coherent Enterprise Support Policy: A New Challenge for Governments

The role and importance of entrepreneurship and new business creation to the economy have been the subject of increased attention in recent years. Indeed, it is now widely recognised that the promotion of entrepreneurship is not only necessary for a healthy economy, but also critical for sustaining prosperity and creating new jobs. The authors discuss the debate on intervention in the business creation process, and pay particular attention to one aspect of such intervention, namely entrepreneurship training. The issue of the effectiveness of this type of training is also addressed, and the results of a comparative study of eight enterprise training programmes in five European countries, are presented. In addition to the intercountry comparison of entrepreneurship training programmes, the research undertaken comprised a three-year longitudinal study of participants in one of these programmes (CCNEA). The combination of the analysis of the comparative study with the more in-depth case study, has highlighted a number of issues which should be of particular interest to enterprise policymakers throughout Europe. These include the need for early stage awareness-raising through the education system, and the importance of providing secure funding for programmes; for pre-programme screening; for evaluation; and the need to ensure wide access.