Enterprise Architecture Approach Research Articles

Assessing the Impact of Enterprise Architecture on Digital Transformation Success: A Global Perspective

This research paper aims to analyze the significant contributions of enterprise architecture (EA) in leveraging digital transformation (DT) success at an international level. The paper adopts a meta-analytical approach, examining the patterns of EA’s strategic alignment and operational impact. EA plays a crucial role in managing digital ecosystem complexity, which is a key factor in successful DT. The methodology also focuses on the systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationships between EA and other advanced technological systems such as AI, IoT, and Blockchain to reveal how these technologies improve EA’s flexibility and strategic approaches. The paper emphasizes the importance of organizational culture, technological incorporation, and regional economic factors as critical determinants of EA practices in DT activities. It underscores the necessity for customized EA approaches to DT success within different cultural and economic contexts and their impact on sustainable management. This practical insight is a crucial contribution of the paper, providing a strategic roadmap for organizations aiming to optimize their digital transformation strategies through enhanced EA practices.

Enterprise architecture approach for project-based organizations modeling, design, and analysis: An ontology-driven tool proposal

Project-based organizations (PBOs) rely on project management as their core business process. These organizations are characterized by their disaggregated structure and diverse authority distribution, leading to complications in synchronizing projects, governance, and functional divisions. In this regard, there is a need of a tool to manage this complexity. This paper introduces a novel approach – the IModel- for modeling, designing and analyzing PBOs, following the Design Science Research Method, that seeks to is creating an artifact that solves a real-world problem in a specific context. This artifact is developed through a conceptual integration between project management (PM) and enterprise architecture (EA) sources based on ontologies. Ontologies are powerful, machine-readable graph-structured models which enables sophisticated models’ reasoning and querying. IModel fuses the organizational domain from the ArchiMate EA language with PM insights from PMBOK 7th edition. The resulting IModel has been submitted to an expert’s judgement to assess its intended purposes as well, its potential to be applied in the real-world to support the PBO.

Integrating Enterprise Architecture into Cybersecurity Risk Management in Higher Education

Cybercriminals constantly seek new methods to infiltrate a company's defences, making cybersecurity investments essential. Enterprise architecture (EA) provides a systematic risk detection and mitigation process by emphasising the interdependencies between systems, data, processes, people, and other factors. This paper provides a comprehensive approach, also referred to as a process, based on EA to assist African universities in developing a comprehensive cybersecurity plan. The EA process comprises four pillars: business architecture, data architecture, application architecture, and technology architecture. African universities can develop a comprehensive cybersecurity strategy using an EA approach in cybersecurity to achieve institutional goals and objectives. The potential attack surface comprises isolated EA components and their interconnections.This article comprehensively examines various EA processes such as business, information, application, and technology architecture. These processes are carefully analysed to evaluate the organisational structures and uncover opportunities to enhance security protocols. Additionally, we delve deep into abstract security patterns, seeking to cultivate an environment of trustworthiness within complex systems. Our research findings underscore the significant potential within African higher education institutions. By embracing a model-based approach to risk analysis and mitigation, these institutions can fortify their cybersecurity defences to ensure uninterrupted business operations and enhance overall resilience in the face of evolving security challenges.When we combine EA and information security (ICS), we uncover many vulnerabilities malicious actors might exploit. By embracing a holistic EA-based methodology, institutions can craft and implement robust security protocols to safeguard their components and connections. Leveraging EA, our proposed integrated approach aims to forge a comprehensive cybersecurity risk management strategy tailored to the African higher education sector. This strategy seeks to facilitate the identification of critical elements and their intricate interrelationships, thus formulating an effective defence strategy against potential cyber threats. The synergy promises to elevate cybersecurity practices, ensure uninterrupted business operations, and fortify the continent's resilience.

Designing enterprise architecture for a global company

This case is about applying the Enterprise Architecture (EA) approach to align Information Technology to the business goals of a global company. ENMARK, the company has presence in four continents and many countries with multiple legal entities. The company has major product divisions that operate independently around the globe. As a result, there are multiple ERPs and other applications having heavy cost implications. There is a need to use the Enterprise Architecture (EA) approach to understand the overall businesses and remove redundancy across IT. The case can be used to understand how EA helps to bring about integration of Strategy, Business and Information Technology, as well as using the EA approach to develop business, data and application architecture for the global company.

Optimizing Transportation Services: Using TOGAF for Efficiency and Quality

In the rapidly expanding transportation industry, it is crucial to make focused and coordinated efforts to improve services with maximum efficiency. This paper seeks to explore the optimization of the Enterprise Architecture approach to effectively attain the primary objectives of the transportation industry, specifically the enhancement of service quality. The main emphasis is on implementing the enterprise architecture methodology of the open group architecture framework on a strategic basis. This paper examines how Enterprise Architecture can offer systematic and quantifiable solutions by identifying problems in infrastructure and operational processes. The research aims to provide comprehensive insights into how the Enterprise Architecture concept can optimize operational efficiency and streamline processes in the provision of transportation services. By implementing TOGAF, it is expected that the integration of systems will be seamless, technology usage will be optimized, and customer experiences will be improved. To summarize, this paper demonstrates the desire to improve transportation services. It explains how Enterprise Architecture methods, specifically within the TOGAF framework, can directly lead to advantages such as increased operational efficiency and improved service quality. This paper aims to be easily understood by a wide range of readers, including management, Information Technology professionals, and other stakeholders in the transportation industry. It avoids using overly technical language to ensure accessibility and comprehensibility.

APPLYING TOGAF-BASED ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE IN THE HEALTHCARE SECTOR: A CASE STUDY OF THE NATIONAL CENTER FOR DIABETES IN JORDAN

Technology implementation can significantly benefit organizations, but ensuring it aligns with their business needs and goals is crucial. Adopting an enterprise architecture approach can aid healthcare enterprises in overcoming challenges during the transformation process. In particular, this study examines how The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) can facilitate digital transformation while ensuring alignment with business needs. Using the Architecture Development Method (ADM) of TOGAF, the study analyzes the current architecture of the National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Genetics (NCDEG) in Jordan, intending to develop a target architecture that helps NCDEG effectively achieve its goals.

Building Digital Platform for Property Marketing Sales with an Enterprise Architecture Approach

Constructing a digital platform is an essential priority in an era where technology is the cornerstone of success in the real estate marketing and sales sector. Nevertheless, the advancement of these platforms is frequently impeded by obstacles pertaining to integration, security, and scalability, which stem from their inadequate establishment. Existing platforms' incapability to rapidly adapt to shifting market dynamics frequently impedes the development of innovative digital solutions for the real estate industry, which provided the impetus for this study. The fundamental objective of this study is to create a framework capable of accommodating scalable business expansion, enhancing data security, and overcoming integration obstacles. Utilizing Enterprise Architecture principles in the design and implementation of the platform, as well as conducting a comprehensive examination of the current IT infrastructure, stakeholder requirements, and mapping of pertinent business processes, will comprise the research methods. The results of this study are expected to contribute to a wholehearted comprehension of how the Enterprise Architecture approach can function as a resilient framework for the development of effective digital platforms. In the contemporary digital age, this platform is expected to furnish solutions capable of swiftly adjusting and reacting to evolving market dynamics and changes, thereby facilitating the marketing and sales requirements of real estate. Finally, this research endeavors to offer a comprehensive and practical perspective on constructing a robust and flexible digital infrastructure that can effectively cater to the demands of the real estate sector in the current era of digitalization.

Data-Driven Management of Vaccination and Its Consequences

Vaccination is critical to preventing the spread of diseases. It stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies that fight specific diseases, eradicating and reducing their incidence. However, despite the proven benefits, there is hesitation and skepticism in some areas due to side effects and lack of knowledge. Developing a data collection and processing system to analyze vaccination is critical in today’s world. Vaccines are necessary to minimize morbidity and mortality, but success depends on analyzing data on vaccine use and efficacy. This system can identify potential side effects and adverse reactions, ensuring vaccine safety and building public confidence. This research focuses on IT support for analyzing vaccination side effects. The aim of this work is to develop an architecture model of the system to collect and process data on the health status of vaccinated patients. The research methodology consists of analyzing sources on the consequences and side effects of vaccination. On the basis of this knowledge, the key attributes (stakeholders, sources of information, input data, data analysis processes) of the data collection and analysis system were analyzed using an enterprise architecture approach. As a result, a general model of the architecture of the data collection and analysis system was proposed.

Improving Architecture of Legal System by using TOGAF-ADM

The article takes a case study of a state-owned utility company, XYZ, that provides nationwide electricity and serves her major contractors around Indonesia. Since year 2020 with Covid pandemic, the company has taken a hybrid work (work-from-home and work-from-office) for all her staffs. The article addresses the legal department where the entire process has been done manually with minimum computer system involvements. The hybrid work has made slow response of the staffs to serve other units and external clients, where it causes major dissatisfactions of the management of the company. Since last decade, XYZ directors have promoted digital transformation program in all her business units, including legal department. The article examines the use of enterprise architecture approach (TOGAF ADM) to support the digital transformation program that enables legal staffs to work in a hybrid mode and expect the similar work performance as offline work. The article addresses improving business process in legal department that ready to accommodate the latest IT trends. The outcome of the article is expected to address common issues related to digital transformation in legal department.

The Management of Projects is Improved Through Enterprise Architecture on Project Management Application Systems

From planning to execution, effective project management necessitates a holistic approach that incorporates various aspects. Enterprise Architecture has emerged as a promising method for enhancing project management in the modern era of business complexity. This article examines how employing Enterprise Architecture principles in project management can yield significant benefits. Enterprise Architecture enables project managers to comprehend the interdependencies between the various organizational components by adopting an approach that views the organization as an integrated whole. This improves planning, identification of prospective risks, and more precise decision-making. In addition, Enterprise Architecture provides a holistic view of the technology infrastructure and enterprise architecture, allowing project managers to identify opportunities to optimize extant resources. Moreover, Enterprise Architecture can enhance collaboration between project teams and other departments. Comprehending the interrelationships between organizational components makes communication and problem-solving more efficient. Enterprise Architecture also contributes to designing more adaptable and scalable initiatives, allowing them to better adapt to changing environments. This article investigates actual case studies of organizations that have adopted an Enterprise Architecture approach to project management. As evidence that Enterprise Architecture can be an asset in attaining project objectives, several benefits will be outlined, ranging from cost reduction to increased efficiency. By combining established project management methodologies with Enterprise Architecture principles, professionals can adopt a more comprehensive and strategic approach to attaining successful project outcomes.

Maximizing ERP Benefits with Enterprise Architecture: A Holistic Approach

Enterprise Resource Planning systems must strategically align with Enterprise Architecture to maximize benefits. In a business environment that is undergoing rapid change, organizations increasingly rely on ERP systems to integrate and streamline operations. However, the complete potential of ERP benefits may only be realized with an approach encompassing the entire organizational architecture. This study examines the importance of aligning ERP implementation with EA principles to establish a cohesive technological ecosystem. Organizations can facilitate seamless interactions and data flows by harmonizing business processes, data structures, applications, and technology infrastructure, allowing for efficient decision-making and resource optimization. The abstract describes how EA provides a structured blueprint to guide the integration of ERP systems, assuring compatibility, minimizing redundancies, and maximizing overall system efficiency. By conducting a comprehensive literature review and case study analysis, this study demonstrates the benefits of an integrated approach, including increased visibility, reduced operational divisions, improved scalability, and faster response to changes. The abstract also emphasizes the role of EA in adapting and evolving ERP systems as business requirements change, enabling organizations to resolve challenges and proactively leverage emerging technologies. Overall, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the symbiotic relationship between EA and ERP by highlighting their combined ability to drive business growth, agility, and competitiveness. The abstract emphasizes the importance of strategic alignment. It guides practitioners, researchers, and decision-makers who wish to maximize the benefits of ERP implementations through a holistic Enterprise Architecture approach.

ANALISIS BISNIS STRATEGI PADA BRAND BREAKMACKS DALAM BISNIS BREAKFAST FOOD

This research focuses on BreakMacks Brand Business Plan Analysis in the Beakfast Food Business. The research method used is the study of literature, data collection methods and methods of analysis and planning. The data collection method is by conducting field surveys, collecting documents related to business processes, interviews and also benchmarking. The method of analysis and planning used is the Enterprise Architecture approach. The results achieved are Producing system strategy planning and technology that is useful for increasing the company's competitive value in future business competition.

Enterprise Architecture for Integration of Demand-Responsive Services in Public Transport

The popularity of new mobility services (NMS), like car sharing, urban bikes or e-scooters, is increasing in many urban areas. In comparison to traditional supply-oriented public transport with defined timetables and transportation routes, NMS are demand-responsive services aiming to meet the ad-hoc needs of users. NMS have started to influence the way people move in urban areas, and they also have an impact on public transport operators which begin to offer their own NMS or integrate the services of established NMS operators. This article investigates the changes implied by NMS for the enterprise architecture (EA) of public transport operators. The paper presents and evaluates an EA approach for integrating demand-responsive services into traditional supply-oriented public transport. We propose a partial enterprise architecture as an extension of the established ITVU core model, which is an established reference model in the public transportation domain. Although EA management is recognised as relevant for public transport companies, there is a lack of such an extension addressing NMS integration. The contribution of this article are to (1) offer an overview of the state of research in enterprise architectures for public transport, (2) make a case study for illustrating the challenges and requirements of NMS integration, (3) provide a first version of the partial (core) reference EA for integration of NMS including an initial evaluation.

Residuality and Representation: Toward a Coherent Philosophy of Software Architecture.

Software architecture involves making decisions about the structure of applications in respect to the environment in which software must execute. In the process of making these decisions architects produce representations of both the software and the environment. These representations take the form of diagrams, models, textual descriptions, and sometimes loose conversations. Modern approaches to software architecture, such as agile, or Enterprise Architecture approaches, do not attempt to challenge traditional modes of representation. Residuality Theory states that an architecture can be expressed as a stack of residues, or leftovers, that are the results of stressors, unpredictable events that may arise in the environment. This creates a dynamic representation that expresses temporality, flux, and uncertainty as opposed to the traditional static representations of component structure, patterns, and process diagrams that constitute most architectural approaches. Residuality thus entails a challenging conceptual shift and it is necessary to highlight this in order to avoid confusion in practitioners and to make clear just how stark the differences between residuality and traditional approaches are. The aim of this conceptual article is to make it easier for architects to understand the differences and avoid falling back toward default approaches. This article will describe the three important underlying concepts in residuality that inform this shift– processuality, criticality, and difference.

Smart City Architecture Development Framework (SCADEF)

Smart City is a city that implements the latest technologies, such as big data, IoT, Artificial Intelligence, and other new technologies. Smart City has different system characteristics than other systems. Smart City involves several independent stakeholders, so the development of a smart city needs to be designed with a system analysis system and service-based planning. Smart City Architecture Development Methodology (SCADM) has been defined from the previous research. However, the existing Enterprise Architecture approach has yet to specify the artefact to complete the framework. This study recommends the Smart City Architecture Framework (SCADEF) as a comprehensive Enterprise Architecture Framework to develop Smart City Architecture. The architecture framework produced by SCADEF becomes the proposed architecture framework for realizing Smart City. SCADEF consists of SCADM, Meta-model Smart City Architecture Development Methodology Artefact, and guidelines by the implementation SCADEF. The research uses observation, classification, and construction methodologies in Information System Design Methodology. In addition, this study also tested the framework by implementing it on city objects. This implementation is a practical test tool for the resulting enterprise architecture framework. This study implemented SCADEF in the education and health field at Bandung Smart City. Implementing testing on the implementation of SCADEF is to explain the implementation in Bandung Smart City and ask for an assessment from enterprise architecture experts. The results of the expert assessments were calculated statistically to assess the methodology, artefacts, and uses. The measurement results show that SCADEF can be accepted and used to develop enterprise smart city architecture.

On enterprise coherence governance with GEA: a 15-year co-evolution of practice and theory

General Enterprise Architecting (GEA) is an enterprise architecture method which has emerged out of a need in practice, and has been developed and matured over the past 15 years. The GEA method differs from other enterprise architecture approaches in that it has a strong focus on enterprise coherence and the explicit governance thereof. This focus followed from the observed need to move beyond the Business-IT alignment and ‘Business-to-IT’ stack thinking that is embodied in most of the existing enterprise architecture approaches. The main objective of this paper is to report, and reflect on, the development of the GEA method (so-far), which involved a co-evolution between theory and practice. In doing so, we also present core elements of (the current version of) GEA, and illustrate these in terms of a real-world (social housing) case. We will, furthermore, also discuss some of the lessons learned in applying GEA across different organizations.

CAESAR8: An agile enterprise architecture approach to managing information security risks

In theory, implementing an Enterprise Architecture (EA) should enable organizations to increase the accuracy of information security risk assessments. In reality, however, organizations struggle to fully implement EA frameworks because the requirements for implementing an EA and the benefits of commercial frameworks are unclear, and the overhead of maintaining EA artifacts is unacceptable, especially for smaller organizations. In this paper, we describe a novel approach called CAESAR8 (Continuous Agile Enterprise Security Architecture Review in 8 domains) that supports dynamic and holistic reviews of information security risks in IT projects. CAESAR8’s nonlinear design supports continuous reassessment of information security risks, based on a checklist that assesses the maturity of security considerations in eight domains that often cause information security failures. CAESAR8 assessments can be completed by multiple stakeholders independently, thus ensuring consideration of their tacit knowledge while preventing groupthink. Our evaluation with experienced industry professionals showed that CAESAR8 successfully addresses real-world problems in information security risk management, with significant benefits particularly for smaller organizations.

Enterprise Architecture Approach for Project Management and Project-Based Organizations: A Review

Project-based organizations (PBOs) derive income from conducting projects for their clients. Maintaining the most effective and efficient project governance style is an ongoing process for these organizations as the context continuously changes. Enterprise architecture (EA) is a systemic approach that supports organizations in modeling and describing themselves in different layers, such as strategy, business, application, and technology. This literature review describes the current state of EA usage in improving and quickly revising project management governance in PBOs to benefit practitioners and researchers for an integrated view of EA, PM, and PBO, and identification of future research gaps. This review used an EA model composed of layers as an analytical framework. The extracted bibliometric and content data from selected articles were processed using the VOSviewer tool for identifying and understanding the relationships between main concepts through network mapping. The selected articles are oriented to internal organization projects, mainly in information technology (IT). The need to align projects with business is highlighted, with EA positioned as a governance tool. It was found that application of EA in PBOs is rare. A trend toward using popular PM and EA frameworks, such as PMBOK and ArchiMate, was observed.

Function-oriented approach to mining enterprise automation

Nowadays a production enterprise is inconceivable without the automation of all its processes – technological, production, and managerial. The efficiency of an enterprise largely depends on high-quality data processing within a single information space. The introduction of an integrated automated management system for an industrial enterprise, consistent with the business model, will eliminate many of the problems arising during creation, integration and development of automated systems, will create an effective enterprise management system and will reduce future costs of production modernization. Current trends of digital transformation increase the demand for an integrated business management system model, that would include a model of an integrated information management system as an integral part of it. The study aims to develop a reference functional model of mining enterprises, including a comprehensive vision of business, production and technological processes and their IT support. The model proposed is based on the analysis of existing international industry approaches to automation, as well as the experience and best practices of automation of mining enterprises. The methodological foundations of the research include enterprise architecture approach (including the concept of service-oriented architecture) and authors' function-oriented approach for engineering the IT architecture. The article describes a reference functional model of a mining enterprise, on the basis of which the structure of the mining enterprise IT-architecture functional structure is determined. The function-oriented approach for engineering IT-architecture as a reflection of the business functional structure is a good example of the symmetry phenomena in enterprise management. Further research will be devoted to the issues of designing an information exchange model and a data architecture model for the mining value chain and its individual parts in interconnection, as well as reflecting end-to-end processes of mining enterprises in the IT architecture based on the developed model for determining the boundaries of functional blocks of information systems

Innovative Ecosystem Model of Vaccine Lifecycle Management

The COVID-19 pandemic has severely tested humanity, revealing the need to develop and improve the medical, economic, managerial, and IT components of vaccine management systems. The vaccine lifecycle includes vaccine research and development, production, distribution, and vaccination of the population. To manage this cycle effectively the proper organizational and IT support model of the interaction of vaccine lifecycle management stakeholders is needed—which are an innovation ecosystem and an appropriate virtual platform. A literature review has revealed the lack of methodological basis for the vaccine innovation ecosystem and virtual platform. This article is devoted to the development of a complex approach for the development of an innovation ecosystem based on vaccine lifecycle management and a virtual platform which provides the data exchange environment and IT support for the ecosystem stakeholders. The methodological foundation of the solution, developed in the article, is an enterprise architecture approach, CALS technologies, supply chain management and an open innovation philosophy. The results, presented in the article, are supposed to be a reference set of models for the creation of a vaccine innovation ecosystem, both during pandemics and periods of stable viral load.