Enterprise Application Architecture Research Articles

Multiple linear regression analysis for determining factors affecting the actual adoption of enterprise application architecture for supply chain management

Background: In this study, Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) is cast-off a statistical technique accustomed to propositions on determining the nexus between internal dynamic exasperations (IDEs) and external dynamic exasperations (EDEs), denoted as the independent variables (Xs), as well as perceived attitudes signified as the predictor variable for actual adoption (AA) of enterprise application architecture (EAA), presented as the dependent variable (Y). Objective: The objective of this paper was to ascertain the alternative hypotheses that IDEs, EDEs, and perceived attitudes (PAs) affect the AA of EAA for supply chain management (SCM) within small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Design/Methodology: The study used quantitative analysis chronicled in statistical package social science (SPSS) version 25 that encompassed diagnostic tests through Cronbach’s Alpha for reliability, and Double-Exponent Distribution for data validity. Data analysis is concerted through the model summary, graphical expression of MLR, regression analysis (algebra expression), along with Beta weight. Results/Findings: A stratified-random sampling of 310 data sets were used as SMEs’ owners and managers. The results were obtained from the main analysis of multiple regression that produced a model equation (Y) that determined the estimations of AA of EAA with 5xs; 19.49x6; 17.84x6; 18.23x6; 16.12x6; and 9.82x6; and response variable (Y); 25.8 x6: wherein Ԑi is residual error. Practical implications and conclusions: This exertion contributes to existing knowledge on AA of EAA for SCM by providing three main separable functions of multilinear regression (MLR). First, it broadens the understanding of the strength of relationships between Xs, PV and Y. Second, its expositions which predictors in the model are statistically significant and which are not. Third, it projects a confidence interval for each predicted regression coefficient.

External dynamic exasperations on the adoption of enterprise application architecture for supply chain management

Background: Given the effervescent nature of external dynamic exasperations (EDEs) and uncertainties, this article enterprise application architecture (EAA) evaluates the probable effect on actual adoption of enterprise application architecture for supply chain management (SCM). Actual adoption (AA) of EAA is a major need for small and medium, hence the legal frameworks are there to ensure compliance on complex legal and regulatory constraints, a lack of external financing, low technological capacity, relative advantage, hardware systems and software systems compatibility.Objective: The central objective of this article is to establish whether EDEs affect the AA of EAA for SCM in SMEs, as well as supply chain success factors with five models used to identify the statistics gaps, which could be constructive for descriptive and correlational research studies.Method: A quantitative approach under correlational research is considered to investigate the relationships between variables without interventions and manipulations from the researcher.Results: To increase the reliability of measures, each variable was tested for data reliability and validity through Cronbach’s alpha and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, chronologically. The results indicate that EDEs have a direct impact on the AA of EAA as encrypted in Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Pearson’s coefficient and linear regression.Conclusion: The study revealed that EDEs have positive impact on the AA of EAA.Contribution: Consequently, this study makes a prominent contribution to research on the benefits of AA of EAA by signifying the effectuation theory by maintaining control on possibilities with foreseeable outcomes; then EDEs will be history.

Perceived Attitudes & Disquiets on the Adoption of Enterprise Application Architecture for Supply Chain Management in SMEs

Background: Throughout the history of information systems, perceived attitudes and concerns (PADs) have been seen as a key factor in actual adoption (AA) of Enterprise Application Architecture (EAA), in this case for supply chain management. Systems development life cycle by John Zachman, who explains seven steps for systems development by Hay (1997), which include: strategy, analysis, reactance theory, design, construction, documentation, transition and production. Objectives: This research aims to determine whether PADs affect the AA of EAA for SCM. In addition, the impact of the systems development life cycle is determined by the following factors: communication and common language, commitment, governance, scope and purpose, business-oriented and approach. Methodology: To provide statistical analysis of diagnostic tests and data analysis, a quantitative research design was adopted. A stratified random sample was considered for two parameters: information technology users, resource optimizers, risk takers, customer-centric approaches, and malleability. The sample was compressed to 310. For the first estimation, the linear regression model using IBM SPSS software version 26 was used. Results: The results showed that PADs have a negative impact on the AA of EAA as indicated by the negative-slope linear regression. However, personal perspectives such as techie, determinism, romanticism, and scepticism result in a negative bias. Findings: These results cannot be extrapolated to all SME owners and managers as they act on the basis of different characteristics such as: Information system components, internet connectivity and contextual information technology. Nonetheless, the modus operandi for mitigating negativity includes: intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, perceived behavioral control, subjective norm, social factors, system complexity, and social factors. Keywords: perceived attitudes and disquiets, enterprise application architecture, supply chain management, actual adoption, small and medium enterprises.

A High-Level Planning Methodology of Enterprise Application Architecture

Enterprise IT strategy is an important tool for the success of enterprise digitization and informatization. Enterprise application architecture is the core of enterprise IT strategy. Aiming at the shortcomings of traditional enterprise application architecture methodology, this paper proposes a high-level planning methodology, which starts from enterprise business architecture, integrates application status analysis and application solution survey results, and uses suitable application architecture principles to complete the high-level planning of enterprise application architecture. This methodology has been successfully used in many enterprise IT strategy projects, and this article illustrates it with examples.

Moulding information systems components and agitations for the adoption of enterprise application architecture for supply chain management

Background: The components of information systems (ISCs) have become a critical factor in the adoption of enterprise application architecture (EAA) for supply chain management (SCM) within small and medium enterprises (SMEs) when used reciprocally with competent capital formation, mainframe and personal computers, application software systems, and information technology expert. The current study examined information systems components (ISCs) as they were used in the adoption of EAA in SMEs, scrutinised the Theory of Planned Behavior, and systematic literature review.Objective: This paper seeks to contribute to the fundamental aspects of ISCs that influence the adoption of EAA for SCM in small and medium enterprises (SMSs) in South Africa, located in Limpopo Province of Capricorn District Municipality.Methodology: A quantitative survey presented both diagnostic tests and data analysis as that of the methodological modus operandi. Descriptive data analysis generated Pearson’s correlation and coefficient, along with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and linear regression. Data was collected through stratified random sampling of SME owners and managers.Results: The most substantial results indicate that ISCs should be integrated with transactional support systems (TSSs), management information systems (MISs), information systems governance (ISG), decision support systems (DSSs), executive support systems (ESSs), knowledge management systems (KMSs), and web application architecture (WAA) to predict EAA acceptance.Conclusion: This article described the greatest possible direction for considering ISCs when planning to integrate EAA adoption. Furthermore, the research results provide a preliminary overview and analysis of the results that support the alternative hypothesis that ISCs influence SCM adoption and implementation of EAA in SMEs.

Employees’ aptitudes and trepidations for the adoption of enterprise application architecture for supply chain management in small and medium enterprises: A case of Capricorn District Municipality

Background: This article inspects the internal constituents on employees’ aptitudes and trepidations (EATs) for the adoption of enterprise application architecture (EAA) for supply chain management (SCM) in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) within Capricorn District Municipality. EATs trait origins widespread destruction and inflict in the adoption of EAA if not managed amicably, unless, the enterprise accentuate the importance of the 4th Industrial revolution with careful planning to deal with the aftermath and mitigate the inspirations instinctively. Thus, the logistics of EAA adoption is one of the main activities in information technology (IT) that requires meticulous knowledge in algorithms for a successful SCM.Objective: The principal objective of this study is to determine whether EATs affect the adoption of EAA for SCM in SMEs and to identify gaps and institute state of the art in research for future studies.Method: This study adopts a descriptive research method with the use of 310 respondents targeted at both SME owners and managers, sculpted over quantitative research. Based on the analyses of data, the linear regression model is executed. As a result, the author realised that ‘EATs affect the adoption of EAA’ as a dominant research focus of these studies. In this study, the response EATs as a primary influencer of the adoption of EAA, considered on linear regression model for attainable SCM. In practice, SMEs should link EAA to new technologies, enterprise capabilities, objectives and strategies, as well as the existing culture and performance philosophies.Results: The SMEs’ success in SCM activities is dependent on employees’ perceptions, attitudes, motivation and learning abilities that could ease the narratives on the adoption of EAA.Conclusion: These results provide the following comprehensions for future research: applying simplicity by getting them on board, introducing EAA through different channels of learning, building a coalition of willing mindsets, motivating its purpose and celebrating small progress. The research provides a profound understanding relevant in the contextual background to SMEs to adopt EAA for SCM that depends on the enterprise resources (ERs) acquisition and\or availability.

Fundamentals of Transaction Management in Enterprise Application Architectures

Transaction management is a key issue in the development of enterprise application. During the payment of purchases, when dealing with bank operations or when making hotel reservations, transactions are everywhere. Curricula recommendations mainly consider specific knowledge units for transactions in the context of information management knowledge area. Thus, from a curricular point of view, transactions are usually related to Database Management Systems (DBMS). However, in the development of enterprise applications, designers and programmers use frameworks that manage transactions from the business tier. Therefore, there is a significant gap between the concept of transaction usually presented in degree courses and the real use of transactions made during the development of enterprise applications. There are excellent books that provide detailed descriptions of the transactional management in enterprise application from the business tier, but these are detailed and complex books beyond the reach of most students and, what is worse, beyond the reach of those lecturers without a significant background both in DBMS and enterprise application architectures. This paper provides a core of knowledge distilled from these books, as well as some examples of transactional architectures used in the grade software engineering courses taught by the author. The main goal is to describe in detail a knowledge unit focused on what I have called <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">service transactions</i> that helps to fill the gap between the learning outcomes provided in university courses and the use of transactions made in enterprise application development.

Modelling owner’s physiognomies &amp; incitements for the adoption of enterprise application architecture for supply chain management in small and medium enterprises: A case of Capricorn District Municipality

The adoption of enterprise application architecture (EAA) for supply chain management (SCM) in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) was influenced by the owner’s physiognomies and incitements (OPIs) on a routine basis. The study employs a quantitative approach based on a linear regression model, which uses diagnosis tests “Cronbach's Alpha, normal distribution, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test” that makes descriptive statistics possible on Pearson correlations, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson's Coefficients, and linear regression. The study examines whether OPIs affect the adoption of EAA for SCM in SMEs within Capricorn District Municipality. The paper exploits the original data set of 310 SMEs, targeting predominantly both SMEs’ owners and managers to run linear regression models with the dependent variable “actual adoption of EAA” and independent variable “OPIs”. A novel piece of authenticity for the models is the incorporation of OPIs within the SCM activities and whether there were any, collaborative influences affecting the adoption of EAA. The findings have a bearing on SMEs’ SCM growth strategies, directed towards the technology acceptance model.

Modelling owner’s physiognomies &amp; incitements for the adoption of enterprise application architecture for supply chain management in small and medium enterprises: A case of Capricorn District Municipality

The adoption of enterprise application architecture (EAA) for supply chain management (SCM) in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) is influenced by the Owner’s Physiognomies &amp; Incitements on a routine basis. EAA is essential for optimum SCM performance since it enlightens and enhances enterprise services, software, and hardware. The purpose of this study is to examine the Owner’s Physiognomies &amp; Incitements for using EAA for SCM in SMEs in the Capricorn District Municipality. The empirical analysis is presented using data from a dissertation for a master's degree in commerce from 2018 to 2020. The study employs a quantitative approach based on a linear regression model. Cronbach's Alpha, descriptive statistics on the normality test, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Pearson Correlations, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson's Coefficients, and linear regression are all included. Empirical investigation demonstrates that both the Owner’s Physiognomies &amp; Incitements are directly associated with EAA adoption. Overall, the model accounts for a substantial proportion of the variation in EAA adoption for SCM in SMEs. This work leads to the conclusion that there is a positive correlation between variables. The findings of this study will confirm the positive and negative impact of owner physiognomies and incitements on the adoption of EAA for SCM in SMEs. More research is required to examine the links between psychographic and behaviouristic owner incitements.

Rahasak—Scalable blockchain architecture for enterprise applications

Blockchain-based decentralized infrastructure has been adapted in various industries to handle the sensitive data in a privacy-preserving manner without trusting third parties. However, integrating state-of-the-art blockchain platforms with the scalable, enterprise-level applications result in several challenges. Current blockchain platforms do not support high transaction throughput, lack high scalability, and cannot provide real-time transaction processing and back-pressure operation handling in high transaction throughput applications (e.g Big data, IoT). In this paper, we propose a novel permissioned blockchain platform “Rahasak” for highly scalable, enterprise applications. Rahasak blockchain adopts the Apache Kafka-based consensus on top of a “Validate-Execute-Group” blockchain architecture to handle real-time transaction execution on the blockchain. The architecture is equipped with a functional programming and actor-based smart contract platform that enables concurrent execution of transactions in the blockchain. Rahasak supports high transaction throughput, high scalability, concurrent transaction execution, data analytics features. With Rahasak, we make blockchain more scalable, secure, structured and meaningful for further data analytics.

A Domain Specific Modeling Language for Enterprise Application Development

This article describes how experience in domain specific modeling can be captured and abstracted in a domain specific modeling language (DSML). Modeling with a DSML results in quality models. Patterns of enterprise application architecture (PofEAA) is a rich set of patterns that can be used by designers when designing (modeling) web-based enterprise applications. This article aims at defining a DSML based on PofEAA patterns, as well as providing tool support for designing web-based enterprise applications that use these patterns. The authors have built a DSML using the profile extension mechanism of UML, by defining stereotypes. In addition to the proposed profile, this article has implemented the structure and behavior of PofEAA patterns in Rational Software Architecture (RSA) which is resulted in a tool that facilitates the design of software for designers. To show the usefulness of the tool, it is used for modeling two small systems based on the PofEAA patterns. The results show that many of the design is automated and the modeling speed is increased.

Measuring architecture and design efficiency for enterprise applications

The efficiency of architectural and design attributes in enterprise applications plays a very crucial role in the successful implementation. These attributes are the building blocks of the software program that influence the overall quality and customer satisfaction. Despite of various controls and metrics available in quality management discipline, the implementation of enterprise applications tend to fail or do not accomplish the desired level of efficiency in terms of architectural and design attributes. This research paper presents a two-way framework that is based on analytic hierarchy process for measuring and controlling these attributes across various stages in the implementation life cycle. The proposed framework calculates the utility measure for these attributes, which is an indication of performance and efficiency. An experiment was conducted on an enterprise application project and the utility measure was derived using the proposed framework at various stages. The utility measure obtained from the framework demonstrated the improvement in the performance and efficiency of architectural and design attributes by 45%.

Measuring architecture and design efficiency for enterprise applications

The efficiency of architectural and design attributes in enterprise applications plays a very crucial role in the successful implementation. These attributes are the building blocks of the software program that influence the overall quality and customer satisfaction. Despite of various controls and metrics available in quality management discipline, the implementation of enterprise applications tend to fail or do not accomplish the desired level of efficiency in terms of architectural and design attributes. This research paper presents a two-way framework that is based on analytic hierarchy process for measuring and controlling these attributes across various stages in the implementation life cycle. The proposed framework calculates the utility measure for these attributes, which is an indication of performance and efficiency. An experiment was conducted on an enterprise application project and the utility measure was derived using the proposed framework at various stages. The utility measure obtained from the framework demonstrated the improvement in the performance and efficiency of architectural and design attributes by 45%.

Enterprise application architecture development based on DoDAF and TOGAF

ABSTRACTFor the purpose of supporting the design and analysis of enterprise application architecture, here, we report a tailored enterprise application architecture description framework and its corresponding design method. The presented framework can effectively support service-oriented architecting and cloud computing by creating the metadata model based on architecture content framework (ACF), DoDAF metamodel (DM2) and Cloud Computing Modelling Notation (CCMN). The framework also makes an effort to extend and improve the mapping between The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) application architectural inputs/outputs, deliverables and Department of Defence Architecture Framework (DoDAF)-described models. The roadmap of 52 DoDAF-described models is constructed by creating the metamodels of these described models and analysing the constraint relationship among metamodels. By combining the tailored framework and the roadmap, this article proposes a service-oriented enterprise application architecture development process. Finally, a case study is presented to illustrate the results of implementing the tailored framework in the Southern Base Management Support and Information Platform construction project using the development process proposed by the paper.

Enterprise application transformation strategy and roadmap design: A business value driven and IT supportability-based approach

This paper proposes a practical and framework-based approach to design an architecture transformation strategy and roadmap aiming to transform or modernize critical legacy enterprise systems. The approach is business value driven with IT supportability in terms of lower application operational and support costs, higher business value and shorter time to market of application delivery. The approach introduces a robust enterprise application architecture assessment framework with an emphasis on technical (internal) and strategic (external) perspectives to guide the application assessment and also a finance self-support transformation strategy to aid its transformation roadmap design. The approach was applied in multiple large enterprises successfully and received endorsements and positive feedback from the sponsors. The paper also presents a case study detailing the successful application of the approach to modernize an enterprise logistics transportation management system.

Design and Implementation of Distributed Cache System in Cluster Environment

Within the layered enterprise application architecture, database is usually the bottleneck of system. Cache technology can significantly improve the system performance and scalability by caching the data in application layer. Firstly, this paper discussed the significance and importance of the Distributed Cache System. Our system provided two kinds of cache mechanism, including replicated cache and partitioned cache. Each of these has advantages and disadvantages. The design and implementation of this system covered problems including consistent hashing arithmetic. This paper described and analyzed data distribution, data update and the procedure of operations in different cache mechanisms. At last, we made the compared test between our system and the similar product, Memcached. We found that there are both advantages and disadvantages of these two products, it points out the direction for our future improvement.

Full Virtualization by Re-imaging Cloud Hardware

This research paper examines the real world issues in various client organizations facing consulting services in the area of network planning, optimization, and service management. As enterprise application architecture becomes more complex, the challenges in establishing patterns to encapsulate enterprise application architecture are slowly emerging. To achieve an enterprise integration framework requires knowledge of designing, building, and deploying messaging solutions. This paper investigates how such an alternative network can be planned to accommodate the evolving technology in mobile computing and social networks. It is essentially consistent to exploit the potentials of the new technologies in designing alternative cloud networking virtual infrastructure. The current cloud computing exactly imports the traditional network architecture into the cloud without any redesigned accommodation for reliability or performance, instead of innovating totally different practical virtual network components. This paper proposes an optimized cloud network configuration using the absorptive attributes of resource sharing to ensure relatively manageable cloud service. The concept proposed in this research is the replacement of the traditional networking with a new model of virtual infrastructure reimaging to eliminate single points of failure common in the traditional network currently in the cloud. The new model empowers the cloud with a cluster of network connections. This is different from application enabled virtualization. This is an expert mutative virtual infrastructure with built-in hardware redundancy. The network infrastructure has a self-diagnostic algorithm that enables the system to send out a reimaging initiative. The self-recovering happens during virtualized hardware failures or during distributed denial of service attacks on critical infrastructure.

Integrated Design Supporting Business Model Stability

Enterprise JavaBeans(EJB) is Java’s component architecture for server-side distributed enterprise applications. The architecture of EJB applications is based on well-established solutions common to most distributed business systems. To utilize the architecture in an optimal way, we gave a layered and integrated optimization method based on mixed design patterns to reduce the coupling degree among tiers, classified the application architecture of the system. It reduced greatly the number of lookup JNDI and remote-calling, reduces the overhead of system and networks. It improve the extensibility and reusability of system. An example was given at last.

Development of energy-efficient products: Models, methods and IT support

Abstract The article proposes an IT system for product development that integrates product structures, digital product models, and methods that incorporate concerns for energy efficiency. The entire product development process is based on a property-driven design approach that is adapted to a design considering energy efficiency. By an energy-oriented target costing, energy design goals as well as costs can be controlled. The integration of product models including information about energy consumption can be achieved by a system ontology. The IT system proposed combines an enterprise application architecture with workflow modeling and management to support product development processes taking energy efficiency into account.

Business Intelligence and Service-oriented Architecture: A Delphi Study

Although service-oriented architecture (SOA) is becoming increasingly popular in enterprise application architectures, little is known about how SOA could support and influence the use and implementation of business intelligence (BI). We applied the Delphi method in order to identify opportunities and limitations of SOA concepts and technologies when applied to BI applications. This paper draws recommendations for BI vendors and for organizations that use or intend to use SOA to support BI.