Enterococcus Faecalis Infective Endocarditis Research Articles

Outcomes of Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis according to MIC of amoxicillin: a multicentric study.

The incidence of Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis is increasing over time. Data on the impact of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of amoxicillin on treatment outcomes are scarce. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology of E. faecalis infective endocarditis and to evaluate whether the MIC of amoxicillin might influence mortality. We retrospectively included all consecutive patients diagnosed with definite E. faecalis infective endocarditis between 2013 and 2020 in 11 French hospitals. We extracted data from the local diagnosis-related group (DRG) database and matched these data with microbiological results. Amoxicillin MIC was determined by Etest strip. The primary endpoints were endocarditis-related mortality and risk factors for endocarditis-related mortality including amoxicillin MIC. A total of 403 patients with definite E. faecalis infective endocarditis were included. Patients were predominantly male (76.4%) with a median age of 74 years (67-82). Embolic complications occurred in 170 (42.1%) patients. Cardiac surgery was performed in 158 (61.5%) patients. The endocarditis-related mortality rate was 28.3% and the median delay between mortality and onset of hospitalization was 24 (9; 41) days. E. faecalis MIC of amoxicillin was available for 246 (61%) patients. The median MIC was 0.5 mg/L (0.4-0.7). Amoxicillin MIC was not found to be associated with in-hospital mortality. None of the variables included in the multivariate model were identified as a risk factor for mortality and there was no correlation between mortality and the duration of treatment for 4 weeks versus 6 weeks. Higher amoxicillin MIC was not a risk factor leading to endocarditis-related mortality in definite E. faecalis infective endocarditis. However, further studies are needed to assess the effect of amoxicillin MIC on relapse.

Infective endocarditis with metastatic infections in a renal transplant recipient: a case report

BackgroundInfective endocarditis is an uncommon but well-known post-transplant complication with significant morbidity and mortality. It has been observed to be about 171 times more common in solid organ transplant patients than in the general population. With the increasing rate of end-stage kidney disease, the higher demand for kidney transplantation with better graft survival, and life expectancy rates, more transplant recipients may develop infective endocarditis as a late post-transplant complication. Prompt diagnosis of infective endocarditis is therefore necessary to avert graft loss and other life-threatening outcomes.Case presentationWe present a case of a 52-year-old African patient who had a live donor kidney transplant 18 months prior to presentation and had been on oral tacrolimus 5 mg every morning/4.5 mg every evening, mycophenolic acid (MPA) 720 mg twice daily, and oral prednisolone 10 mg daily as maintenance immunosuppressive medications. Regarding the above immunosuppressive medications, he had been in good health and had a functioning transplant graft. He presented with a resolving right thigh swelling, recurrence of fever, new onset left hemiplegia, and seizures. Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis was diagnosed with metastatic brain abscesses, which was treated with intravenous vancomycin and gentamycin for 5 weeks. There are very few reported cases of infective endocarditis due to Enterococcus faecalis, and this case is unique because the initial presentation was pyomyositis.ConclusionInfective endocarditis with septic embolization to the brain should be considered in kidney transplant recipients with pyomyositis and multiple rim-enhancing lesions, especially in the late post-transplant period with Enterococcal spp. as an emerging cause of infective endocarditis in kidney transplant recipients. Clinicians will need to have a high index of suspicion to aid early diagnosis with appropriate treatment to prevent adverse outcomes.

INFECTIOUS ENDOCARDITIS ON MECHANICAL MITRAL PROSTHESIS, SEVERE PRESENTATION AND FAVOURABLE OUTCOME

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious and potentially fatal condition that affects the hearts inner lining, especially the heart valves. Despite advances in medical diagnosis and treatment, IE continues to pose significant challenges due to its severe complications, including embolic events, abscess formation, valve perforation, and spondylodiscitis. The left-sided heart valves (aortic and mitral) are most commonly affected by this infection. Identifying the portal of entry of the causative pathogen is crucial for effective management of the condition.This case report discusses a patient with Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis, who had mechanical aortic and mitral valve replacements. The infections portal of entry was traced to a digestive adenocarcinoma, which is a rare but notable cause. The case is particularly significant due to the positive outcome achieved through a combination of medical and surgical interventions, highlighting the importance of a comprehensive approach to treatment.

Revisiting the Evidence Base Informing the Use of Adjunctive Therapy for Enterococcus faecalis Endocarditis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Current guidelines recommend adjunctive gentamicin for the treatment of Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis (EFIE) despite a risk of toxicity. We sought to revisit the evidence for adjunctive therapy in EFIE and to synthesize the comparative safety and effectiveness of adjunctive use of the aminoglycosides versus ceftriaxone by systematic review and meta-analysis. For historical context, we reviewed the seminal case series and in vitro studies informing the evolution from penicillin monotherapy to modern-day regimens for EFIE. Next, we searched MEDLINE and Embase from inception to January 16, 2024 for studies of EFIE comparing 1) adjunctive aminoglycosides versus ceftriaxone or 2) adjunctive therapy versus monotherapy. Where possible, clinical outcomes were compared between regimens by random-effects meta-analysis. Otherwise, data were narratively summarized. Results for the systematic review and meta-analysis were limited to 10 observational studies totaling 911 patients. All studies were at high risk of bias. Relative to adjunctive ceftriaxone, gentamicin had similar all-cause mortality (Risk Difference [RD]=-0.8%, 95% Confidence interval [95%CI]=-5.0, 3.5), relapse (RD=-0.1%, 95%CI=-2.4, 2.3), and treatment failure (RD=1.1%, 95%CI=-1.6, 3.7), but higher discontinuation due to toxicity (RD=26.3%, 95%CI=19.8, 32.7). The 3 studies comparing adjunctive therapy to monotherapy included only 30 monotherapy patients and heterogeneity precluded meta-analysis. Adjunctive therapy with ceftriaxone appeared to be equally effective and less toxic than gentamicin for the treatment of EFIE. The existing evidence does not clearly establish the superiority of either adjunctive therapy or monotherapy. Pending randomized evidence, if adjunctive therapy is to be used, ceftriaxone appears to be a reasonable option.

Dalbavancin as sequential therapy in infective endocarditis: Real-life experience in elder and comorbid patients

ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of dalbavancin as sequential therapy in patients with infective endocarditis (IE) due to gram positive bacteria (GPB) in a real-life heterogenous cohort with comorbid patients. MethodsA single center retrospective cohort study including all patients with definite IE treated with dalbavancin between January 2017 and February 2022 was developed. A 6-month follow-up was performed. The main outcomes were clinical cure rate, clinical and microbiological relapse, 6-month mortality, and adverse effects (AEs) rate. ResultsThe study included 61 IE episodes. The median age was 78.5 years (interquartile range [IQR] 63.2–85.2), 78.7% were male, with a median Charlson comorbidity index of 7 (IQR 4–9) points. Overall, 49.2% suffered native valve IE. The most common microorganism was Staphylococcus aureus (26.3%) followed by Enterococcus faecalis (21.3%). The median duration of initial antimicrobial therapy and dalbavancin therapy were 27 (IQR 20–34) and 14 days (IQR 14–28) respectively. The total reduction of hospitalization was 1090 days. The most frequent dosage was 1500mg of dalbavancin every 14 days (96.7%). An AE was detected in 8.2% of patients, only one (1.6%) was attributed to dalbavancin (infusion reaction). Clinical cure was achieved in 86.9% of patients. One patient (1.6%) with Enterococcus faecalis IE suffered relapse. The 6-month mortality was 11.5%, with only one IE-related death (1.6%). ConclusionThis study shows a high efficacy of dalbavancin in a heterogeneous real-world cohort of IE patients, with an excellent safety profile. Dalbavancin allowed a substantial reduction of in-hospital length of stay.

A Case of Enterococcus Faecalis Infective Endocarditis Following Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever

Dengue fever is a leading health problem in Vietnam. Clinical presentation can vary from a simple flu like illness to hemorrhagic fever with shock. Most people who develop dengue fever recover completely within 1 weeks. Apart from the complications such as haemorrhage and dengue shock syndrome, concurrent bacteraemia inpatients with dengue fever is a very rare complication. We report a patient initially diagnosed with dengue haemorrhagic fever, who subsequently developed Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis.

Stability of Ampicillin plus Ceftriaxone Combined in Elastomeric Infusion Devices for Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy.

Currently, ampicillin plus ceftriaxone (AC) is one of the preferred treatments for Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis. However, there is a lack of stability data for the combination of both drugs in elastomeric devices, so the inclusion of AC in Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT) programs is challenging. The objective of the study was to determine the stability of AC in elastomeric pumps when stored at 8 ± 2 °C, 25 ± 2 °C, 30 ± 2 °C and 37 ± 2 °C using LC-MS/MS. The combination was diluted in 0.9% sodium chloride and the final concentrations were ampicillin 24 g/L plus ceftriaxone 8 g/L. Physical and chemical stability were evaluated at 12, 20, 24, 36 and 48 h after preparation. Stability was met at each time point if the percentage of intact drug was ≥90% of its respective baseline concentration and color and clearness remained unchanged. The drug combination was stable for 48 h when it was kept at 8 ± 2 °C. At 25 ± 2 °C and 30 ± 2 °C, they were stable for 24 h of storage. At 37 ± 2 °C, the stability criterion was not met at any time point. These results prove that AC could be included in OPAT programs using elastomeric infusion devices for the treatment of E. faecalis infections.

Multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecalis native valve endocarditis – a case report

Enterococcal bacteraemia is often complicated by endocarditis. Treatment for multi-drug resistant (MDR) Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis included ampicillin-daptomycin combination or linezolid monotherapy for 8 weeks. Mortality is influenced by appropriateness of antibiotic therapy, comorbidities and antimicrobial resistance.

A retrospective study of Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis: comparison of clinical characteristics and outcomes associated with treatment.

IntroductionA synergistic antibiotic combination of a penicillin and gentamicin (AG) or ceftriaxone (AC) is used in the management of Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis (EFIE). We compare the treatment outcomes between AG and AC, including low and high dose ceftriaxone (1 and 2 g 12 hourly).MethodsA retrospective cohort study of patients treated for EFIE at single tertiary centre (2012–2019). Outcome measures examined were 90- and 180-day mortality, treatment associated adverse events and relapse of bacteraemia (within 1 year).Results39 patients were enrolled [61.6% given (AC) (n = 24), 24% received ACL (n = 10) and 34% received ACN (n = 14)], 38.4% received AG (n = 15). We noted a difference in the mortality outcomes at 90 and 180 days between those treated with AG and AC overall (6.7% and 33.3%, respectively) although this did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.114, P = 0.061). No significant difference was noted between these groups in incidence of relapsed bacteraemia with two cases noted in the AC cohort (8.3%, 2/24) and none observed (0/15) in the AG cohort (P = 0.662, P = 0.414). A greater number of adverse events was observed in the AG group (11/15, 73.3%) compared to the overall AC group (6/24, 25.0%) (P = 0.009), with no difference between the high and low dose ceftriaxone groups (P = 0.05).ConclusionCombination treatment of EFIE with AC is associated with a reduced number of adverse events in comparison to AG groups. Although increased mortality was observed in the AC group, this did not reach statistical significance, and reflects the greater comorbidities and reduced capacity for surgical source control in this cohort.

Penicillin plus Ceftriaxone versus Ampicillin plus Ceftriaxone Synergistic Potential against Clinical Enterococcus faecalis Blood Isolates.

ABSTRACTPenicillin plus ceftriaxone is a promising alternative to ampicillin plus ceftriaxone for the treatment of Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis. Limited data is available supporting the utilization of penicillin plus ceftriaxone. A total of 20 E. faecalis isolates; one wild-type strain (JH2-2) and 19 clinical blood strains were assessed for penicillin plus ceftriaxone and ampicillin plus ceftriaxone synergy using a 24-h time-kill experiment. Susceptibility was determined by broth microdilution. Differences in bactericidal, bacteriostatic, or inactivity, as well as synergy between treatments were assessed by chi-square or Fisher exact test. All E. faecalis isolates were considered susceptible to ampicillin and penicillin. Ampicillin plus ceftriaxone versus penicillin plus ceftriaxone similarly demonstrated synergy. Bactericidal activity was more commonly observed for ampicillin plus ceftriaxone versus penicillin plus ceftriaxone. Among isolates with a penicillin MIC of 4 μg/mL (n = 7), synergistic activity for both combinations was less common compared to isolates with a penicillin MIC ≤ 2 μg/mL (n = 13). Ampicillin plus ceftriaxone and penicillin plus ceftriaxone demonstrate similar synergistic potential against E. faecalis clinical blood isolates, but strains with higher penicillin and ceftriaxone MICs less frequently demonstrated synergy. Further research is warranted to determine the role of the penicillin plus ceftriaxone therapy and the penicillin MIC in clinical practice.IMPORTANCE Penicillin plus ceftriaxone demonstrates similar synergistic activity against Enterococcus faecalis to ampicillin plus ceftriaxone. Isolates with a penicillin MIC of 4 mg/L and a ceftriaxone MIC of 512 or higher, lack penicillin plus ceftriaxone synergy despite the penicillin susceptibility MIC breakpoint of 8 mg/L.

Evaluation of penicillin‐gentamicin and dual beta-lactam therapies in Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis

BackgroundThe American Heart Association endorses penicillin G or ampicillin with gentamicin (A+G) or dual beta-lactam therapy with ampicillin and ceftriaxone (A+C) as first-line regimens for Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis (EFIE) caused by penicillin-susceptible isolates. ObjectivesTo compare rates of treatment modifications and failures among individuals treated with A+C vs. A+G therapies for EFIE. MethodsThis study was a retrospective, single-centre cohort of adult patients with EFIE treated with A+G or A+C therapy between July 2009 and July 2019. The primary outcome was rate of adverse events requiring treatment modification. Secondary outcomes included rates of any event requiring treatment modification and treatment failure. ResultsFifty-nine individuals with EFIE who received A+G (17 patients) or A+C (42 patients) therapy were included. Community-acquired EFIE from an unknown source was the most common (67.8%). Rates of adverse events requiring treatment modifications were 52.9% in A+G and 16.7% in A+C group (P = 0.005). Treatment modification was most frequently due to nephrotoxicity in the A+G group (90.0%). Incidence of acute kidney injury was 41.2% in A+G vs. 11.9% in the A+C group (P = 0.011). Rates of any event requiring treatment modifications were 58.8% in the A+G and 23.8% in A+C groups (P = 0.010). Treatment failure was observed in 23.5% in the A+G and 28.6% in A+C groups (P = 0.759). ConclusionsAn A+C regimen may provide a tolerable and equally efficacious option for treatment of EFIE in adults and confirms the American Heart Association guideline recommendation.

Ampicillin Plus Ceftriaxone Combined Therapy for Enterococcus faecalis Infective Endocarditis in OPAT.

Ampicillin plus ceftriaxone (AC) is a well-recognized inpatient regimen for Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis (IE). In this regimen, ceftriaxone is usually administered 2 g every 2 h (AC12). The administration of AC in outpatient parenteral antibiotic treatment (OPAT) programs is challenging because multiple daily doses are required. AC regimens useful for OPAT programs include once-daily high-dose administration of ceftriaxone (AC24) or AC co-diluted and jointly administered in bolus every 4 h (ACjoined). In this retrospective analysis of prospectively collected cases, we aimed to assess the clinical effectivity and safety of three AC regimens for the treatment of E. faecalis IE. Fifty-nine patients were treated with AC combinations (AC12 n = 32, AC24 n = 17, and ACjoined n = 10). Six relapses occurred in the whole cohort: five (29.4%) treated with AC24 regimen and one (10.0%) with ACjoined. Patients were cured in 30 (93.3%), 16 (94.1%), and eight (80.0%) cases in the AC12, AC24 and ACjoined groups, respectively. Unplanned readmission occurred in eight (25.0%), six (35.3%), and two (20.0%) patients in the AC12, AC24 and ACjoined groups, respectively. The outcome of patients with E. faecalis IE treated with AC in OPAT programs relies on an optimization of the delivery of the combination. AC24 exhibit an unexpected rate of failures, however, ACjoined might be an effective alternative which clinical results should corroborate in further studies.

681. Penicillin Plus Ceftriaxone Against Enterococcus faecalis In Vitro Time-Kill Studies

BackgroundSynergistic ampicillin plus ceftriaxone (AC) for Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis outpatient use is precluded by ampicillin’s poor room temperature stability. Penicillin has superior stability and has been combined with ceftriaxone (PC), however there is a lack of studies to demonstrate synergy. MethodsAC and PC were evaluated, in duplicate, for synergy utilizing 24-hour in vitro time-kill assays with a starting inoculum of 106 colony forming units (CFU)/mL. Six clinical E. faecalis blood isolates and one wild-type E. faecalis isolate (JH2-2) were included. All isolates were susceptible to ampicillin and penicillin, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 0.5-1 µg/mL and 2-4 µg/mL, respectively. Ampicillin and penicillin were tested at subinhibitory concentrations (0.25x and 0.5xMIC) as monotherapy and in combination with ceftriaxone average steady state concentrations for a dose of 2g IV q12hr (CPss 17.2 µg/mL), as all ceftriaxone MICs were high due to intrinsic resistance (MICs 128-2048 µg/mL). Synergy was defined as a ≥ 2 log10 decrease in CFU/mL at 24 hours from the most active single agent. ResultsAn average increase in bacterial density from the starting inoculum was observed for all isolates against ampicillin 0.25xMIC alone, penicillin 0.25x and 0.5xMIC alone, and ceftriaxone alone (+1.60 ± 0.62, +1.91 ± 0.37, +1.48 ± 0.42, and +1.84 ± 0.46 log10 CFU/mL, respectively) [Table 1]. Ampicillin 0.5xMIC alone average increase in bacterial density from starting inoculum for all but two isolates (e2008 and e2009) was +1.21 ± 0.59 log10 CFU/mL. Isolates e2008 and e2009 were the only isolates with a higher penicillin MIC of 4 µg/mL, and did not display synergy for all AC and all PC combinations. AC synergy was observed for all other isolates, with only one isolate (e2012) displaying synergy at 0.5xMIC. PC synergy was observed for four isolates at 0.5xMIC (-3.47 ± 0.94 log10 CFU/mL) and for only one isolate (e2014) at 0.25xMIC but the change in bacterial density was -0.38 ± 0.24 log10 CFU/mL. ConclusionPC synergy against E. faecalis was observed with higher penicillin concentrations. AC and PC did not demonstrate synergy against isolates with a higher penicillin MIC of 4 µg/mL. Further research is warranted to better understand PC synergy against E. faecalis. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

In Vitro Synergism of Penicillin and Ceftriaxone against Enterococcus faecalis.

Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis is commonly treated with intravenous ampicillin/ceftriaxone combination therapy. Ampicillin, however, is unsuitable for outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) regimens due to its instability in 24 h continuous infusors, and has been successfully replaced by benzylpenicillin used together with ceftriaxone in a few small case series. Since in vitro synergy data of penicillin/ceftriaxone against E. faecalis are still lacking, checkerboard assays were performed for 28 clinical E. faecalis isolates and one laboratory standard strain. Synergistic effects (both lowest and median FICI) were observed for penicillin/ceftriaxone in 15/29 isolates, while ampicillin/ceftriaxone exhibited synergism in 22/29 isolates. For isolates with ceftriaxone MICs ≤ 256 mg/L, the addition of free ceftriaxone trough concentrations to penicillin or ampicillin resulted in comparable synergistic effects for both combinations. In contrast, for isolates with ceftriaxone MICs ≥ 512 mg/L free ceftriaxone trough concentrations were only sufficient to exhibit synergistic effects in combination with ampicillin, but not penicillin. This study suggests that benzylpenicillin/ceftriaxone would be expected to be suitable for the OPAT treatment of enterococcal endocarditis for E. faecalis isolates with ceftriaxone MICs ≤ 256 mg/L. However, combination therapy would be expected to provide no advantage over benzylpenicillin monotherapy for isolates with ceftriaxone MICs ≥ 512 mg/L. Further investigation is required to analyse the relationship between ceftriaxone susceptibility and penicillin/ceftriaxone synergy, especially for isolates with ceftriaxone MICs of 64 to 512 mg/L.

Ampicillin Plus Ceftriaxone Regimen against Enterococcus faecalis Endocarditis: A Literature Review.

Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis (EFIE) continues to represent a potentially fatal infectious disease characterized by elevated morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in antimicrobial therapy, changing demographics and the reduced availability of useful antibiotics combined with the dissemination of multi-drug resistant strains, the mortality rate remained unchanged in the last decades. Nowadays, optimizing the antibiotic regimen is still of paramount importance. Historically, aminoglycosides were considered as a cornerstone for treatment even though their use is associated with a high risk of kidney failure. It is against this background that, in recent years, several studies have been carried in order to assess the validity of alternative therapeutic approaches, including combinations of beta-lactams, that, acting synergistically, have yielded useful results in different clinical settings. In this scenario, we searched and critically report clinical studies assessing the efficacy and safety of double beta-lactam therapy in treating EFIE.

Secular trends in the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis at a referral center (2007-2018).

The aim of the study was to analyze the epidemiological and clinical changes in EFIE. All definite IE episodes treated at a referral center between 2007 and 2018 were registered prospectively, and a trend test was used to study etiologies over time. EFIE cases were divided into three periods, and clinical differences between them were analyzed. All episodes of E. faecalis monomicrobial bacteremia (EFMB) between 2010 and 2018 and the percentage of echocardiograms performed were retrospectively collected. Six hundred forty-eight IE episodes were studied. We detected an increase in the percentage of EFIE (15% in 2007, 25.3% in 2018, P = 0.038), which became the most prevalent causative agent of IE during the last study period. One hundred and eight EFIE episodes were analyzed (2007-2010, n = 30; 2011-2014, n = 22; 2015-2018, n = 56). The patients in the last period were older (median 70.9 vs 66.5 vs 76.3years, P = 0.015) and more frequently had an abdominal origin of EFIE (20% vs 13.6% vs 42.9%, P = 0.014), fewer indications for surgery (63.3% vs 54.6% vs 32.1%, P = 0.014), and non-significantly lower in-hospital mortality (30% vs 18.2% vs 12.5%, P = 0.139). There was an increase in the percentage of echocardiograms performed in patients with EFMB (30% in 2010, 51.2% in 2018, P = 0.014) and EFIE diagnoses (15% in 2010, 32.6% in 2018, P = 0.004). E. faecalis is an increasing cause of IE in our center, most likely due to an increase in the percentage of echocardiograms performed. The factors involved in clinical changes in EFIE should be thoroughly studied.

Prevalence of Colorectal Neoplasms Among Patients With Enterococcus faecalis Endocarditis in the GAMES Cohort (2008–2017)

ObjectiveTo investigate the rate of colorectal neoplasms (CRNs) in patients who have Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis (EFIE) with available colonoscopies and to assess whether this is associated with the identification of a focus the infection. Patients and MethodsRetrospective analysis of data from a prospective multicenter study involving 35 centers who are members of the Grupo de Apoyo para el Manejo de la Endocarditis en España [Support Group for the Management of Infective Endocarditis in Spain] cohort. A specific set of queries regarding information on colonoscopy and histopathology of colorectal diseases was sent to each participating center. Four-hundred sixty-seven patients with EFIE were included from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2017, from whom data on colonoscopy performance and results were available in 411 patients. ResultsOne hundred forty-two (34.5%) patients had a colonoscopy close to the EFIE episode. The overall rate of colorectal diseases was 70.4% (100 of 142), whereas the prevalence of CRN (advanced adenomas and colorectal carcinoma) was 14.8% (21 of 142), with no significant differences between the group of EFIE of unknown focus and that with an identified focus. ConclusionOur study adds to prior evidence suggesting a much higher rate of CRN among patients with EFIE than in the general population of the same age and sex. In addition, our findings suggest that this phenomenon might take place both in EFIE with an unknown and an identified source of infection.

700. Ampicillin-Ceftriaxone Versus Ampicillin-Gentamicin for Definitive Therapy of Enterococcus faecalis Infective Endocarditis: A Propensity Score-Matched,Retrospective Cohort Analysis

BackgroundThe mortality rate for Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis (EIE) is high. Ampicillin-ceftriaxone (AC) has emerged as an alternative antibiotic regimen with lower toxicity compared to ampicillin-gentamicin (AG), but evidence regarding its success in reducing EIE-associated mortality in the United States is limited. We retrospectively compared mortality in EIE patients treated with AG versus AC.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective, propensity score-matched, cohort analysis of EIE patients treated with AG or AC from 2010 to 2017 at three hospitals in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Patients were included in the analysis if they were treated for EIE with either AC or AG as the pathogen-directed antibiotic regimen for at least forty-eight hours. We assessed 90-day mortality as the primary outcome, and in-hospital mortality, length of hospital stay, hospital readmissions, adverse events, and relapse of bacteremia as the secondary outcomes.ResultsA total of 190 patients with EIE (100 treated with AC and 90 with AG) were included. Ninety-day mortality was significantly higher in the AC group than the AG group (21% vs 8%, p = 0.02). After propensity score-matching, 56 patients in each group remained for the outcomes analysis. We observed similar rates of 90-day mortality (6% vs 4%, p = 0.55), bacteremia relapse (0 patients in both cohorts), treatment failure (0% vs 1%, p = 0.50), and 90-day hospital readmission (24% vs 23%, p = 0.85) in the AC and AG-treated patient cohorts. Adverse events were more common in patients treated with AG, and more patients in the AG cohort switched antibiotic regimens than in the AC group.ConclusionEIE patients treated with AC have similar mortality rates as those treated with AG, while AG is associated with increased toxicity and adverse events. Larger, multi-center studies are still needed to compare the two antibiotic regimens.Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis associated with colorectal cancer: A case report

Několik studií ukázalo, že infekční endokarditida způsobená bakteriemi kmene Enterococcus faecalis je třetím hlavním zdrojem infekční endokarditidy (IE). Kromě toho existuje několik důkazů, které svědčí o vztahu mezi enterokokální IE a kolorektálním karcinomem (CRC). Uvádíme kazuistiku pacienta s infekční endokarditidou způsobenou bakteriemi kmene Enterococcus faecalis spojenou s CRC. Jednasedmdesátiletý muž měl horečku, dyspnoe, ortopnoe, kašel, mírnou hemoptýzu, intermitentní rektoragii, bledé spojivky, "jemné praskání" a typický zvuk umělé chlopně. Byla mu diagnostikována bakteriemie vyvolaná Enterococcus faecalis a následně endokarditida. Kolonoskopie byla také provedena a uváděla, že má velký obstrukční maligní vřed v hepatické flexuře. Biopsie odhalila adenokarcinom. Kolorektální chirurgický tým provedl parciální kolektomii. Kromě toho byl pacient léčen s endokarditidou. Je zdůrazněn význam kolonoskopického screeningu u pacientů s infekcí E. faecalis a endokarditidou, jehož cílem je vyloučit diagnózu CRC.

Enterococcus faecalis Endocarditis and Outpatient Treatment: A Systematic Review of Current Alternatives.

The selection of the best alternative for Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis (IE) continuation treatment in the outpatient setting is still challenging. Three databases were searched, reporting antibiotic therapies against E. faecalis IE in or suitable for the outpatient setting. Articles the results of which were identified by species and treatment regimen were included. The quality of the studies was assessed accordingly with the study design. Data were extracted and synthesized narratively. In total, 18 studies were included. The treatment regimens reported were classified regarding the main antibiotic used as regimen, based on Aminoglycosides, dual β-lactam, teicoplanin, daptomycin or dalbavancin or oral therapy. The regimens based on aminoglycosides and dual β-lactam combinations are the treatment alternatives which gather more evidence regarding their efficacy. Dual β-lactam is the preferred option for high level aminoglycoside resistance strains, and for to its reduced nephrotoxicity, while its adaptation to the outpatient setting has been poorly documented. Less evidence supports the remaining alternatives, but many of them have been successfully adapted to outpatient care. Teicoplanin and dalbavancin as well as oral therapy seem promising. Our work provides an extensive examination of the potential alternatives to E. faecalis IE useful for outpatient care. However, the insufficient evidence hampers the attempt to give a general recommendation.