Entering Paid Employment Research Articles

Inequalities in the impact of having a chronic disease on entering permanent paid employment: a registry-based 10-year follow-up study

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate among unemployed persons (1) the impact of having a chronic disease on entering paid employment and obtaining a permanent contract and (2) whether these associations...

Impact of mental disorders during education on work participation: a register-based longitudinal study on young adults with 10 years follow-up

BackgroundMental disorders are a leading cause of disability and a major threat to work participation in young adults. This register-based longitudinal study aims to investigate the influence of mental disorders...

The influence of chronic diseases and multimorbidity on entering paid employment among unemployed persons - a longitudinal register-based study.

Objectives:This study aimed to investigate the influence of chronic diseases and multimorbidity on entering paid employment among unemployed persons. A secondary objective was to estimate the proportion of persons not entering paid employment that can be attributed to specific chronic diseases across different age groups.Methods:Data linkage of longitudinal nationwide registries on employment status, medication use and socio­demographic characteristics was applied. Unemployed Dutch persons (N=619 968) were selected for a three-year prospective study. Cox proportional hazards analyses with hazard ratios (HR) were used to investigate the influence of six common chronic diseases on entering paid employment, stratified by age. The population attributable fraction (PAF) was calculated as the proportion of all persons who did not enter paid employment that can be attributed to a chronic disease.Results:Persons with chronic diseases were less likely to enter paid employment among all age groups. The impact of a chronic disease on maintaining unemployment at population level was largest for common mental disorders (PAF 0.20), due to a high prevalence of common mental disorders (6%), and for psychotic disorders (PAF 0.19), due to a high likelihood of not entering paid employment (HR 0.21), among persons aged 45–55 years. Multimorbidity increased with age, and the impact of having multiple chronic diseases on remaining unemployed increased especially among persons aged ≥45 years.Conclusion:Chronic diseases and multimorbidity are important factors that reduce employment chances among all age groups. Our results provide directions for policy measures to target specific age and disease groups of unemployed persons in order to improve employment opportunities.

Migrant women, work, and investment in language learning: Two success stories

Abstract In the media, migrant mothers are often portrayed as uneducated, having trouble learning a new language, and preferring to stay at home rather than entering paid employment. This article offers a contrasting point of view as a result of examining how two migrant women narrativize their experiences of language learning and working-life-related integration during a three-year period. Specific attention is paid to how the women make sense of their language use over time, and how this may have contributed to their integration into working life and the wellbeing of their families. Interview data was analyzed using the short story analytical approach, focusing on both the content and the various scales of context portrayed in the stories. The analysis is informed theoretically by the concept of investment. The findings indicate that, first, English was used when interacting with members and institutions of the Finnish society, but gradually the use of English was replaced by an emerging Finnish proficiency. At first with the help of English and later, by deciding to invest in learning Finnish, both key participants managed to build new careers and meaningful lives for themselves and their families in a new environment.

Nassau William Senior and the Poor Laws: Why Workhouses Improved the Industriousness of the Poor

The New Poor Law of 1834 was criticized for sending many poor to workhouses where conditions were designed to be harsh and degrading. N.W. Senior, one of the authors of the 1834 Poor Law Report, argued that the poor would become industrious if paid labour was clearly more attractive than the conditions of the workhouse. Senior argued that all people desire to better themselves, and they desire variety and distinction as their income rises. Although the poor lacked diligence and abstinence, entering paid employment would be a step towards their material and ethical improvement.

The benefits of paid employment among persons with common mental health problems: evidence for the selection and causation mechanism.

Objectives The aims of this study were to (i) investigate the impact of paid employment on self-rated health, self-esteem, mastery, and happiness among previously unemployed persons with common mental health problems, and (ii) determine whether there are educational inequalities in these effects. Methods A quasi-experimental study was performed with a two-year follow-up period among unemployed persons with mental health problems. Eligible participants were identified at the social services departments of five cities in The Netherlands when being diagnosed with a common mental disorder, primarily depression and anxiety disorders, in the past 12 months by a physician (N=749). Employment status (defined as paid employment for ≥12 hours/week), mental health [Short Form 12 (SF-12)], physical health (SF-12), self-esteem, mastery, and happiness were measured at baseline, after 12 months and 24 months. The repeated-measurement longitudinal data were analyzed using a hybrid method, combining fixed and random effects. The regression coefficient was decomposed into between- and within-individual associations, respectively. Results The between-individuals associations showed that persons working ≥12 hours per week reported better mental health (b=26.7, SE 5.1), mastery (b=2.7, SE 0.6), self-esteem (b=5.7, SE 1.1), physical health (b=14.6, SE 5.6) and happiness (OR 7.7, 95% CI 2.3-26.4). The within-individual associations showed that entering paid employment for ≥12 hours per week resulted in better mental health (b=16.3, SE 3.4), mastery (b=1.7, SE 0.4), self-esteem (b=3.4, SE 0.7), physical health (b=9.8, SE 2.9), and happiness (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.4-6.9). Among intermediate- and high-educated persons, entering paid employment had significantly larger effect on mental health than among low-educated persons. Conclusions This study provides evidence that entering paid employment has a positive impact on self-reported health; thus work should be considered as an important part of health promotion programs among unemployed persons.

Teenage childbearing: young sole mothers challenge the stereotypes

ABSTRACTTeenage sole mothers in receipt of welfare benefits are seriously affected by systematic and radical restructuring of Aotearoa/New Zealand’s state welfare system since 2008. With few exceptions, the changes oblige beneficiaries to prioritise obtaining paid work. To address questions of how welfare changes and socio-cultural context in Aotearoa New Zealand are experienced by teenage mothers we conducted a narrative study of 10 young women’s stories of sole mothering as beneficiaries. Purposeful sampling was used to recruit young mothers who were attending, or had recently attended a specialist school for teen parents. Thematic analysis of interview narratives represented experiences of financial and social deprivation, negative stereotyping, stigma and resistance. In contrast to the government’s explicit goal of getting welfare recipients into paid employment, the teenage mothers in our study placed full-time mothering as their principal duty. They also acknowledged the material and social advantages of entering paid employment, and were committed to working but only when their child was ‘settled and ready’ – a decision they understood to be their responsibility.

Supporting workers with disabilities: a scoping review of the role of human resource management in contemporary organisations

This is a scoping review of literature on human resource management (HRM) and management practice that impacts on workers with physical, mental health and intellectual disabilities, employed or entering paid employment. The aim is to illuminate the use of HRM practices, managerial attitudes and employee outcomes in the disability literature. The methodological research framework commenced with seven databases and was supported with evidenced‐based literature to find three main themes. Themes highlight the management and employer support for workers with disabilities, discrimination and attitudes towards employment of this cohort of workers, and performance and employment outcomes. As governments around the world seek to reduce welfare costs and increase the employment of people with disabilities this paper is timely. Overall, the paper contributes to a dearth of literature on the management of people with disabilities at the workplace to unpack the key barriers, challenges and trends, and develop a comprehensive research agenda.

323 Self-rated health before and after employment transitions: Evidence in European countries

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate self-rated health before and after labour force exit due to unemployment, economic inactivity or early retirement. A secondary objective was to investigate...

Secondary Labor Force Mobility in Four Midwestern Shoe Towns

Most men, from their early twenties to middle sixties, are permanently wedded to the labor force--for better or for worse, for richer or for poorer. The attachment of many women to the labor on the other hand, is far less permanent--perhaps reflecting a lady's right to change her mind! In any event, the working population is divided into two basic groups: those who remain in the labor force constantly from initial entrance to retirement and those who move in and out during their lifetimes with varying degrees of frequency. Members of this latter group, labeled here the labor force, perform a vital function, for they provide a flexible element in the labor supply, entering paid employment when needed and withdrawing from industry when their services are no longer required. Despite the important role of secondary workers, however, much needs yet to be done in identifying them, measuring their numbers, and analyzing their motivations and behavior. This article undertakes to provide a system for classifying and identifying primary and secondary workers and analyzes the characteristics and labor market behavior of secondary workers in four non-metropolitan communities. (Author's abstract courtesy EBSCO.)