Entanglement Spacing Research Articles

Interstellar computation their challenges and approaches in interplanetary cloud systems and data transmission

With the advancement of human civilisation beyond the confines of Earth's atmosphere, there has been an increasing need for efficient data processing and transmission in extraterrestrial environments. The article explores innovative strategies for resolving intricate computational challenges encountered in the context of interplanetary distances. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of issues such as latency, data corruption, and power consumption on classical computing paradigms in space. We examine the concept of "interplanetary cloud systems", which use distributed computation and data storage to tackle these issues. The article also covers advanced techniques for sending data, including communication systems using quantum entanglement and deep space networks. The article integrates the disciplines of astronomy, computer science, and space exploration to provide a holistic perspective on the issue. It is crucial to emphasise that the implementation of fault-tolerant systems, adaptive algorithms, and robust networking protocols is essential for the success of extrasolar computing programs. The article thoroughly explores the potential and risks that arise when space travel, astronomy, and computer science intersect. We explore the potential future of interplanetary data processing and communication technologies via the examination of fault tolerance, adaptive algorithms, and resilient networking. The importance of resolving computational issues in space increases as humanity extends its presence in the cosmos. The study results have significant ramifications for the development of forthcoming technology enabling interplanetary data transfer, hence facilitating human colonisation and scientific exploration beyond Earth.

The scientific lab: sacrifice zones as contact zones

ABSTRACT The scientific laboratory is often construed as a space in which laboratory animals are sacrificed on the altar of biomedical progress. However, this understanding of nonhuman animals raises significant ethical concerns and appears complicit in the anthropocentric and colonial violence that creates sacrifice zones in Naomi Klein’s sense. In this article, we argue that contemporary literature can work towards an imaginative and affective reframing of the lab, which is no longer seen as a sacrifice zone but as a contact zone—a space of relationality and entanglement across the human-nonhuman divide. To explore this shift, we offer close readings of two contemporary narratives that centre on the lab: Tania Hershman’s short story ‘Grounded’ and Jeff VanderMeer’s The Strange Bird. In both of these texts, animals refuse to be made data through sacrifice and instead affirm, if in a limited sense, their own autonomy and vitality. Literary experimentation on a stylistic level plays a key role in this process: our readings highlight how both narratives evoke embodied (and more specifically haptic) connectedness with animals by deploying literary strategies that deconstruct the visual language associated with scientific objectivity.

Introduction: Heritage and the making of ‘Europe’

The notion of ‘European heritage’ plays an increasingly important role in the discursive constructions of a collective sense of European belonging. This Special Issue critically reviews some of the contemporary instrumentalizations of European heritage as processes of borderwork by which various political and non-political actors demarcate the boundaries of Europe and European identity. Specifically, the nine contributions shed light on some of the top-down and bottom-up uses of European heritage and explore whether the borderwork of European heritage delineates and separates Europeanness as an exclusive and singular identity, or whether it constitutes a space of exchange, flow and entanglement where Europeanness is defined as inclusive and pluralistic. Characterized by interdisciplinarity, methodological variety and a conception of Europe broader than the European Union, this Special Issue aims to broaden the scope of scholarship in European studies and (critical) heritage studies.

Canonical representation of three-qubit states with real amplitudes

Let us say that a three-qubit state u 000|000⟩ + u 001|001⟩ + ⋯ + u 111|111⟩ is real if all its amplitudes u rst are real numbers. We will prove that for every real three-qubit state |ϕ⟩, there exist three angles θ 0, θ 1 and θ 2 such that R y (θ 2) ⊗ R y (θ 1) ⊗ R y (θ 0)|ϕ⟩ is a three-qubit of the form λ 1|000⟩ + λ 2|011⟩ + λ 3|101⟩ + λ 4|110⟩ + λ 5|111⟩ with the λ i real numbers. In contrast with the general case, the case of three-qubits with complex amplitudes, we proved that for three qubit states, the dimension of the real entanglement space (the space obtained by identifying real qubit states with local orthogonal gates, instead of local unitary gates) is 4 and in this paper we find four linearly independent polynomial invariants of degree 4 which are not possible to find for the different Schmidt representations of three qubit states. See (Acín et al 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 1560; Acín et al 2001 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 34 6725; Carteret et al 2000 J. Math. Phys. 41 7932; Sudbery 2001 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 34 643).

Quantum many-body scar states with emergent kinetic constraints and finite-entanglement revivals

We construct a set of exact, highly excited eigenstates for a nonintegrable spin-1/2 model in one dimension that is relevant to experiments on Rydberg atoms in the antiblockade regime. These states provide a new solvable example of quantum many-body scars: their sub-volume-law entanglement and equal energy spacing allow for infinitely long-lived coherent oscillations of local observables following a suitable quantum quench. While previous works on scars have interpreted such oscillations in terms of the precession of an emergent macroscopic SU(2) spin, the present model evades this description due to a set of emergent kinetic constraints in the scarred eigenstates that are absent in the underlying Hamiltonian. We also analyze the set of initial states that give rise to periodic revivals, which persist as approximate revivals on a finite timescale when the underlying model is perturbed. Remarkably, a subset of these initial states coincides with the family of area-law entangled Rokhsar-Kivelson states shown by Lesanovsky to be exact ground states for a class of models relevant to experiments on Rydberg-blockaded atomic lattices.

Embodied explorations and migrants' agency: Movements, memory and solidarity in Passages by Émile Ollivier

Abstract This article argues that Emile Ollivier's 1991 novel, Passages, offers a representation of the migrant's body as a contact zone, as a space of entanglement of several processes of encounter and cultural productivity. The migrant's body will become the space where senses, cultural movements, memories, encounter each other, and the space of intersection of various forces. The body builds itself up at the intersection of the processes at stake, which each part of this article will focus on: movement, memory and solidarity between female migrants. In light of these processes, the migrant characters present in Ollivier's novel will be able to reclaim parts of their agency, previously lost in the wake of their displacements.

Fallacies of hope: Contesting narratives of abolition in Turner’s Slave Ship

ABSTRACT This article explores the risks and dangers of redemptive readings of JMW Turner’s (in)famous 1840 painting, Slave Ship (Slavers Throwing Overboard the Dead and Dying – Typhon Coming on) that assume that we cannot be complicit in anything other than abolition and deliberately forget and disavow the underlying structures and continuing dispossessions of slave racial capitalism. The paper reads the painting as an intervention in an important set of nineteenth-century debates around slavery and the slave trade, and as a key element in the war over representations over slavery. How should we incorporate black death and white abolitionism into our stories, self-understandings and conceptions of justice? Turner’s painting brings us all into a space of temporal entanglement, and leaves us to question the history of modernity and the meaning of freedom both in the past and in the present.

Introduction: Bridging Histories of East and Central Africa

Abstract:Regional distinctions such as “East” and “Central” Africa have been constructed, originally very much from an outsiders’ perspective. Different East and Central African historiographies reflect – and reproduce – these distinctions. However, the inhabitants of those spaces never stopped crossing and entangling them. Likewise, this section approaches East and Central Africa empirically as a space of historical entanglement. Moreover, the authors question the traditional divide between both regions epistemologically, by transferring research perspectives from one region’s historiography to the other. They thus illustrate that bridging histories of East and Central Africa can reveal histories that would otherwise remain hidden or marginal.

Viscoelastic Properties of Tightly Entangled Semiflexible Polymer Solutions

The dynamic viscoelasticity and birefringence of well-characterized semiflexible polymer solutions—cellulose tris(phenyl carbamate)/tricresyl phosphate solutions—were investigated over a wide concentration region ranging from a dilute to a tightly entangled regime where the entanglement spacing is smaller than the Kuhn segment size. The stress optical rule did not hold true in the tightly entangled regime, indicating that the molecular origin of stress is not simply attributed to the orientation of segments but to the bending of chains, which does not contribute to birefringence significantly. At high frequencies, the power law behavior with the exponent 3/4 due to the tension stress was observed for the complex shear moduli at all the concentrations.

Cyclic cosmology and holographic entanglement entropy

We discuss again the approach to cyclic cosmology based on the 2007 Baum–Frampton model. By introducing the relationship between entanglement entropy and space–time connectivity first introduced by Van Raamsdonck (2010) we show how vanishing entropy at the turnaround, and hence at the bounce after adiabatic contraction, can be better understood in this solution to the Tolman entropy conundrum.

Multilingual Expression and Postnational Frames in100% BrusselsandIsabella’s Room

This article explores and compares instances of multilingual expression in contemporary postdramatic theatre that are linked to the exploration of migration, cosmopolitanism, and cross-cultural encounter. Taking Jan Lauwers and Needcompany’s Isabella’s Room and Rimini Protokoll’s 100% Brussels as examples, the case study focuses on post-epic forms of narration and covert forms of authority. Moreover, it shows how multilingual expression and speaking with accents dismantle the unity of national languages and differentiate the performing collectives in both works. At the same time, acts of communal singing and dancing evoke a coherent and self-affirmative emotional sensibility that potentially includes the audience. Both performances operate within a postnational frame: while Isabella’s Room conceptualizes Europe as a space of entanglement, 100% Brussels foregrounds immigrant subjects who position themselves as cosmopolitan citizens.

Space QUEST mission proposal: experimentally testing decoherence due to gravity

Models of quantum systems on curved space-times lack sufficient experimental verification. Some speculative theories suggest that quantum correlations, such as entanglement, may exhibit different behavior to purely classical correlations in curved space. By measuring this effect or lack thereof, we can test the hypotheses behind several such models. For instance, as predicted by Ralph et al [] and Ralph and Pienaar [], a bipartite entangled system could decohere if each particle traversed through a different gravitational field gradient. We propose to study this effect in a ground to space uplink scenario. We extend the above theoretical predictions of Ralph and coworkers and discuss the scientific consequences of detecting/failing to detect the predicted gravitational decoherence. We present a detailed mission design of the European Space Agency’s Space QUEST (Space—Quantum Entanglement Space Test) mission, and study the feasibility of the mission scheme.

Implementation of new technique for Face recognition based on quantum computing

In this research, a new technique for measuring facial recognition face similarity based on quantum computing (oracle) has been proposed. This technique is transforming the oracle of Grover's search algorithm into correlation oracle with feeding image. The implementation is carried out on a classical computer with Matlab. The improvement in this work came from combination between quantum Grover's algorithm and classical face recognition algorithm where, the number of steps require in Grover's to find target image is which is exponential improvement as compared with steps for classical case. This reduction of steps reduces the time required to process and the complexity and enables us to increase the amount of information to be processed. The quantum phenomena such as superposition, entanglement and vector space are formulated to represent quantum information and quantum processes on the classical computer. Public available AT and T Laboratories in university of Cambridge database are tested on the proposed algorithm.

Visual Documentation as Space of Entanglement to Rethink Arts-Based Educational Research

Visual Documentation as Space of Entanglement to Rethink Arts-Based Educational Research

Nanoparticle Motion in Entangled Melts of Linear and Nonconcatenated Ring Polymers.

The motion of nanoparticles (NPs) in entangled melts of linear polymers and nonconcatenated ring polymers are compared by large-scale molecular dynamics simulations. The comparison provides a paradigm for the effects of polymer architecture on the dynamical coupling between NPs and polymers in nanocomposites. Strongly suppressed motion of NPs with diameter d larger than the entanglement spacing a is observed in a melt of linear polymers before the onset of Fickian NP diffusion. This strong suppression of NP motion occurs progressively as d exceeds a and is related to the hopping diffusion of NPs in the entanglement network. In contrast to the NP motion in linear polymers, the motion of NPs with d > a in ring polymers is not as strongly suppressed prior to Fickian diffusion. The diffusion coefficient D decreases with increasing d much slower in entangled rings than in entangled linear chains. NP motion in entangled nonconcatenated ring polymers is understood through a scaling analysis of the coupling between NP motion and the self-similar entangled dynamics of ring polymers.

Subnanoscopic inhomogeneities in model end-linked PDMS networks probed by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy and their effects on thermomechanical properties

The subnanoscopic free volume hole properties of model poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) networks with unimodal and bimodal distribution of chain lengths between the cross-links were determined using positron annihilation life time spectroscopy (PALS). Wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies were carried out to further understand the structural inhomogeneities of the networks at different length scales. The networks were prepared by end-linking combinations of sufficiently longer (Mn = 18,952) and shorter (Mn = 4323) precursor PDMS chains relative to entanglement spacing (Me). The macroscopic properties of the networks were studied by tensile testing, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), as well as equilibrium swelling measurements. Through PALS studies it was possible to delineate the subtle variations in the elementary mesh sizes, a measure of the segmental spacing, of the unimodal short and long chain networks influenced by cross-links or entanglements. The intersegmental spacing of the unimodal PDMS networks at a length scale of few angstroms obtained from WAXD measurements were found to be almost in quantitative agreement with the free volume hole sizes obtained from PALS. SAXS measurements on solvent swollen PDMS networks from short and long chain precursors were used to obtain correlation length of the networks at a higher length scale of a few nanometers. Further, the studies revealed that the enhanced mechanical properties seen in certain bimodal elastomer networks are connected with topological features of the networks. A noteworthy finding from PALS studies was that the bimodal composition with 20 wt% short chain, which showed the best combination of mechanical properties with a feature of stress-upturn in tensile testing, exhibited the least free volume size and relatively lower dispersion in its size distribution among the networks. These fundamental studies are expected to provide new insights into the network structure of model elastomers at a molecular scale and its possible connection with macroscopic properties.

Sensing Polymer Chain Dynamics through Ring Topology: A Neutron Spin Echo Study

Using neutron spin echo spectroscopy, we show that the segmental dynamics of polymer rings immersed in linear chains is completely controlled by the host. This transforms rings into ideal probes for studying the entanglement dynamics of the embedding matrix. As a consequence of the unique ring topology, in long chain matrices the entanglement spacing is directly revealed, unaffected by local reptation of the host molecules beyond this distance. In shorter entangled matrices, where in the time frame of the experiment secondary effects such as contour length fluctuations or constraint release could play a role, the ring motion reveals that the contour length fluctuation is weaker than assumed in state-of-the-art rheology and that the constraint release is negligible. We expect that rings, as topological probes, will also grant direct access to molecular aspects of polymer motion which have been inaccessible until now within chains adhering to more complex architectures.

Entanglements in Lamellar Phases of Diblock Copolymers

Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in conjunction with topological analysis algorithms, we investigate the changes, if any, in entanglement lengths of flexible polymers in ordered lamellar phases of diblock copolymers. Our analysis reveals a reduction in the average entanglement spacing of the polymers with increasing degree of segregation between the blocks. Furthermore, the results of the topological analysis algorithms indicate an inhomogeneous distribution of entanglement junctions arising from the segregated morphology of the block copolymer. To understand such trends, we invoke the packing arguments proposed by Kavassalis and Noolandi in combination with the framework of polymer self-consistent-field theory (SCFT) and Monte Carlo simulations. Such an analysis reveals qualitatively similar characteristics as our MD results for both the average entanglement spacing and the inhomogeneities in entanglements. Together, our results provide evidence for the changes in entanglement features arising f...

Topological phase structure of entangled qudits

We discuss the appearance of fractional topological phases on cyclic evolutions of entangled qudits. The original result reported by Oxman and Khoury [Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 240503 (2011)] is detailed and extended to qudits of different dimensions. The topological nature of the phase evolution and its restriction to fractional values are related to both the structure of the projective space of states and entanglement. For maximally entangled states of qudits with the same Hilbert-space dimension, the fractional geometric phases are the only ones attainable under local SU($d$) operations, an effect that can be experimentally observed through conditional interference.

New Integration Transformation Connecting Coherent State and Entangled State

With the help of technique of integration within an ordered product (IWOP) of operators we find new integration transformation connecting the coherent state and the biparticle entangled state. We also point out that under this kind of integration transformation the direct product of two single-variable Hermite polynomials behaves quite different from the two-variable Hermite polynomials, in this way we show that the latter is intrinsic to the phase space of quantum entanglement. As a byproduct, some operator identities for theoretical quantum optics can also be neatly expressed in terms of the two-variable Hermite polynomials.