Enrichment Of Raw Materials Research Articles

Functional properties of the dietary fibers and their using in the manufacturing technology of fish products

This review presents the up-to-date scientific ideas about the role of dietary fibers of plant origin (fiber and hydrocolloids) and animal origin (chitosan and collagen) in the food systems. The main attention is focused on their significance and methods of their using in the manufacturing technology of fish products. Dietary fibers are considered as important components of a diet; the dietary fibers prevent certain disorders and regulate the physical and mental health of the population. Consuming of fish products contributes both to the enrichment of raw materials with functional ingredients, as well as to the increasing in the efficiency of processing of raw materials, including underestimated and underutilized aquatic biological resources. The review shows the influence of dietary fibers on the restructuring of fish muscles systems, their ability to hold water and fats, to stabilize emulsions, to change their sensory characteristics, to increase the yield of the finished food products, and also their ability to influence the shelf life of the finished food product. The mechanisms of involving the certain groups of dietary fibers into the physicochemical and biochemical processes of interaction with the components of fish raw materials are considered; the influence of various conditions of processing on gelation and emulsification is studied. The factors that provide antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of various dietary fibers are given. The properties and examples of using the commercial fiber preparations obtained from various sources are analyzed separately, and the significance of the molecular structure of chitosan and collagen for ensuring the specified technological parameters is considered. It is concluded that using the dietary fiber in the manufacturing process of fish products increases the economic efficiency of production and contributes to the development of the healthy food industry.

Development of a technology for obtaining a polyphenolic biologically active additive from grape pomace for a wide range of applications

The research work considers the development of a technology for processing secondary raw materials of winemaking, which, due to preliminary preparation, passes into the category of enriched high-quality environmentally friendly grape raw materials. This study is carried out with the aim of obtaining concentrated high-quality polyphenolic biologically active extracts that can be used as a functional raw biomaterial for a wide range of products: healthy/sports nutrition, medical and preventive cosmetics, alcoholic and nonalcoholic drinks, and other types of special functional additives. The novelty of the development lies in the fact that at the initial stage, the enrichment of raw materials with target polyphenolic compounds is carried out using effective supercritical fluid CO2 extraction, followed by the use of the obtained AGP** extracts in the form of a finished product - a phytopreparation with inherent functional properties.

Increase in strength of manganese agglomerate during processing humate solution

The object of the research is the metallurgical technology of involving finely dispersed manganese concentrates, which are formed during the extraction and enrichment of raw materials, in the production of manganese agglomerate. The purpose of the work is to develop innovative technological solutions and recommendations for the sintering tec hnology of agglomerate with an increased up to 60% share in the charge of grade 2 finely dispersed concentrate based on the results of the analysis of physicochemical processes during the sintering of manganese agglomerate and experimental studies. Research methods – theoretical studies of concentrate agglomeration processes are based on the basic principles of physical chemistry and the theory of metallurgical processes. Calculations of the thermodynamic equilibrium of oxide systems, adequate for agglomeration, are based on the Gibbs theory and implemented using the computer program "FASTSage 6.0"; the method of mathematical statistics was used to process the results. Research results. A rational scheme for preliminary preparation of finely dispersed manganese ore enrichment waste for use in metallurgical processes has been determined; a rational amount of manganese ore beneficiation waste in the initial charge has been established; the proven possibility of returning 50...70% (against the usual 10...15%) of finely di spersed (0-1 mm fractions) grade 2 manganese concentrate to the batch for the production of manganese agglomerate due to the use of the peat hydroxide reagent (PTH) in the amount of 5...7% with a simultaneous increase the strength of the agglomerate granules is doubled. The original carbonate manganese ore was treated at the stage of dosing it into the batch and the obtained agglomerate with humic peat extract to strengthen the agglomerate and reduce dust formation

Experimental industrial tests of sintering sinter with finely dispersed manganese concentrate

The object of research is the metallurgical technology of involving fine manganese concentrates formed during the extraction and enrichment of raw materials in the production of manganese agglomerate. The purpose of the work - based on the results of analysis of physicochemical processes in the sintering of manganese agglomerate and experimental research to develop innovative technological solutions and recommendations for sintering sintering technology with increased to 60% share in the charge Research methods - theoretical studies of concentrate agglomeration processes are based on the basic principles of physical chemistry and the theory of metallurgical processes. Calculations of thermodynamic equilibrium of oxide systems, adequate to agglomeration, are based on Gibbs theory and implemented using the computer program "FASTSage 6.0"; to determine the internal structure of manganese ore and manganese concentrates involved X-ray research methods - X-ray diffractometer DRON-2; used the method of mathematical statistics to process the results. The mineralogical microstructure of ore manganese concentrates and fine concentrate of manganese ore beneficiation has been established. The rational scheme of preliminary preparation of fine wastes of manganese ore beneficiation for use in metallurgical processes is determined; the rational amount of manganese ore beneficiation waste in the initial charge is established; the possibility of returning 50… 70% (against the usual 10… 15%) of fine (fraction 0-1 mm) manganese concentrate of the 2nd grade in the charge of manganese agglomerate production due to the use of reagent peat hydroxide (RTG) in the amount of 5… 7% with simultaneous increase in the strength of the agglomerate granules twice.

Description of automated functions of high-tech production of nanostructures based on silicon dioxide to improve the properties of building and structural materials

Within the framework of the project “Development of an integrated resource-saving technology and organization of high-tech production of nanostructures based on carbon and silicon dioxide to improve the properties of building and structural materials”, an automated control system for technological thermal vortex enrichment has been created, designed to obtain a modifying additive based on dioxide silicon. The main parameters of the operation of technological lines for thermal vortex enrichment of raw materials, automatic control when threshold values are reached, as well as signaling for the use of control action from automated technological lines are presented. The functions of collecting and primary processing of data, creating control actions, creating and maintaining requests and reporting, providing reporting and data analysis tools are subject to automation. Automation of these functions in the form of a graphical human-machine interface allows for continuous technological control of equipment operation and technological process parameters; ensuring the safety of the technological process in the production of a modifying additive based on silicon dioxide. The collection of data on technological processes and equipment operation, their processing, display and documentation will ensure the optimization of the technological process using advanced visualization tools, modern control algorithms and analysis of the accumulated technological information. Automation of control of the technological process of thermal vortex enrichment will ensure the minimization of the influence of the human factor on the processes of collecting and processing information about the technological process; automatic prevention of the development of emergency situations.

Research on the reuse of alkali solution in rubber pretreatment process to minimize chemical costs

Agricultural and forestry wastes are the popular renewable resources due to its price and efficiency. In recent decades, there are a lot of successful researches about bioethanol from lignocellulose to decrease the fossil fuels consumption. To produce bioethanol from lignocellulose materials, the prerequisite step is pretreatment step to remove lignin, to break the tight structure of lignin-cellulose-hemicellulose complex, to facilitate the contact between hydrolysis agent and cellulose. Alkaline pretreatment has been known as the most popular method. In this study, NaOH solution after the first pretreatment will be used again, adding a minimum amount of NaOH. The addition is calculated so that the total amount is reduced while maintaining the pretreatment efficiency. Analysis results showed that an aqueous solution of 2.0 wt.% NaOH can be used to pretreat the biomass for the first time in 24h, the first pretreatment allow the cellulose enrichment of raw materials from 41.2 % to 53%, in the second reused pretreatment, the addition give the same efficiency. The total amount of alkaline solution decreases 30.3% and the pure water decrease 41.2%, compared to the traditional method. The proposed method achieves the main goal: reduce significantly chemical costs, have a positive and practical meaning in contributing to solve the economic - technical problem of the second generation bioethanol’s production technology.

Justification of evaluation criteria of gold beneficiation ability by gravitational methods

The development of science and technology involves the use of specialized software packages designed, among other things, for mathematical modeling and simulation of enrichment processes. One of the goals of using this type of software is to optimize technological treatment processes, design of processing plants, etc. However, since the corresponding software is not always freely available, or it does not exist, there is a need to develop application tools. The objective is to study the application of object-oriented programming to evaluate the enrichment of raw materials by gravitational methods.This paper presents the results of mathematical modeling of the gravitational separation of a mixture of polymineral gold-pyrite, gold-quartz, and gold-arsenopyrite intergrown pieces. The obtained alignment charts allow estimating the enrichment of raw materials depending on the unlocking degree of intergrown pieces. As a result of the study, a criterion was proposed to evaluate the possibility of gravitational grain separation, grain size, and unlocking degree. A chart for evaluating the possibility of gravitational separation was proposed.

Motions of elastic solids in fluids under vibration

Motion of a rigid or deformable solid in a viscous incompressible fluid and corresponding fluid–solid interactions are considered. Different cases of applying high frequency vibrations to the solid or to the surrounding fluid are treated. Simple formulas for the mean velocity of the solid are derived, under the assumption that the regime of the fluid flow induced by its motion is turbulent and the fluid resistance force is nonlinearly dependent on its velocity. It is shown that vibrations of a fluid’s volume slow down the motion of a submerged solid. This effect is much pronounced in the case of a deformable solid (i.e., gas bubble) exposed to near-resonant excitation. The results are relevant to the theory of gravitational enrichment of raw materials, and also contribute to the theory of controlled locomotion of a body with an internal oscillator in continuous deformable (solid or fluid) media.