Enlightenment Knowledge Research Articles

<p>An Essay on How Data Science Can Strengthen Business</p>

Data science combines several extensions, including, e.g., statistics, scientific methods, artificial intelligence (AI) and data analysis to extract value from raw data. Analytical applications and data scientists can then verify and defer the results to discover patterns and trends. In this way, they allow business leaders to gain enlightened knowledge about the market. Companies have kept a wealth of data with them. As modern technology allowed for the creation and storage of ever-increasing amounts of information, data volumes popped. The wealth of data collected and stored by these technologies can bring regenerative benefits to organizations and societies around the world, but only if they can interpret it. That's where data science comes in. So, the applied economics refers to the application of economic theory and analysis. In this article we intend to present several software that are available for the application of economic analysis. Analysis can be performed on any type of data and is a way of looking at raw data and find useful information. There are several technologies available for economic analysis, with more or less characteristics, some of which are not only intended for this single purpose, and cover a wider spectrum of functionalities. Some of the technologies we will use are, e.g., Rstudio, SPSS, Statis and SAS/Stata. These are very common technologies when talking about economic or business analysis. The intention is to demonstrate how each of these software analyse the data and subsequently the interpretations that we can draw from that scrutiny. Organizations are using data science teams to turn data into a competitive advantage by refining products and services and cost-effective solutions. We will use some different algorithms to verify how they are processed by the different technologies, namely we will use metrics such as maximum, minimum, covariance, standard deviation, average and multicollinearity and variance, even the use of types of regression models.

Phronesis , Julgamento Moral e Processo Decisório Ético: Vivências de Gestores Públicos da Área de Proteção e Defesa Civil

Abstract The purpose of this article is to investigate how phronesis manifests itself in moral judgment based on the experience of public managers in situations of ethical decisions in the area of emergency management (risk and disaster management). We conducted a literature review on phronesis as a virtue of “acting well.” As methodological procedures guided by a phenomenological epistemology and qualitative approach, an in-depth interview, non-participant observation, and document analysis were conducted. The discussion of data was organized into three sections: context and circumstances in the area of emergency management, experience and tacit knowledge of managers, and cognitive, affective, and reflexive composition of phronesis . Some elements of phronesis are perceptible and contribute to the ethical decision-making process in view of the possibilities of limiting moral judgment, such as the context and contingency circumstances of emergencies, the affective dimension such as empathy, the need for mediation between instrumental aspects and the will to act with compassion, counseling as a reflective element, and memory and learning from past experiences. The conclusion is that, when conditions for moral judgment are not favorable and/or there are limiting factors - such as excess of technical and/or bureaucratic issues, a context of insecurity, and a purpose of protecting human life -, phronesis may help to develop an enlightened knowledge for the individual exposed to reviews, education and clarification about the social, political, and organizational context to which she or he belongs.

Leask, Nigel. Stepping Westward: Writing the Highland Tour c. 1720–1830.

Leask, Nigel. <i>Stepping Westward: Writing the Highland Tour c. 1720–1830</i>.

INTERNET MARKETING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN JARINGAN PEMASARAN PADA USAHA SANTRI PONDOK PESANTREN SALAF AL- QUR’AN (PPSQ) ASY-SYADZILI PAKIS KABUPATEN MALANG

The purpose of this PKM activity to provide knowledge sharing related to internet marketing to increase marketing in the Salaf Al-Qur'an Islamic Boarding School (PPSQ) Asy-Syadzili, Pakis Kembar, Malang. The first step for this program is to open the mind of the students that potential market for entrepreneurs for them is v widely. Marketing strategies continue to evolve from traditional marketing methods to modern methods. Traditional marketing or what is commonly referred to as conventional marketing is a method used before the internet era became the needs of today's society. Both traditional and modern marketing have an advantages and disadvantages. Taking the benefits by integrating this two methods to find the optimal point in marketing the products of students is very important to optimize sales of products that have been produced by students. It has been coordinated with the Pondok Pesantren Salaf Al-Qur'an (PPSQ) Asy-Syadzili, Pakis Kembar, Malang which will host the PKM activities by inviting all students. The presence of lecturers and students who are also entrepreneurial practitioners are expected to provide enlightenment and new knowledge that is quite meaningful for all participants.

Geographical print culture in the German-speaking territories, c.1690—c.1815

This paper examines the number and type of books of geography and geographical periodicals in the eighteenth-century German-speaking territories and the place and chronology of their publication with reference to recent work on geographical print culture in the Enlightenment. The paper extends recent studies on Aufklärungsgeographie (Enlightenment geography) by taking a broadly quantitative approach and in presenting, for 345 books and 109 geographical periodicals, geographies of authoring, editing and publishing in the German-speaking territories between c.1693 and c.1815. Attention is paid to differences of content, to contemporaries’ interests in geography as a form of ordered knowledge (wissenschaft) and to the purposes of their work: broadly, education, polite sociability, and the ‘completeness’ of geography as a form of Enlightenment knowledge. We show how writing and publishing geography—and Aufklärungsgeographie—was spatially distributed and how the rise in numbers and increased diversity of geographical works raised questions about authorship and credibility and the content of geography.

The Right to Know and not to Know: Predictive Genetic Diagnosis and Non-diagnosis.

The expansion of genetic diagnostic potential in the direction of future contingencies (risks) creates temptations and compulsions for timely knowledge and responsible-sometimes radical-prevention. In the area of mamma carcinoma, the 'Angelina Jolie effect' has not only been a media topic but has had real consequences. The undisputed right to knowledge is increasingly taking on the character of a general recommendation or even norm for society as a whole, regardless of the possibly toxic consequences of discovering a predisposition. In an "enlightened knowledge society" in which health and illness increasingly "appear as products of our own actions" (Giovanni Maio), not wanting to know is difficult; thus, it is all the more significant that this concept has found widespread recognition in current law. Its legal practical implementation, however, presents several questions that have not yet been fully clarified, for example in connection with incidental medical findings or family members affected as third parties. It is also unclear how, in the age of next-generation sequencing and the standardizing digitalization of medicine and society, it will be possible to counteract the cultural bias in favour of knowledge, even outside the law.

The Caribbean and the Medical Imagination, 1764–1834: Slavery, Disease, and Colonial Modernity. Emily Senior. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018. Pp. xii+284.

<i>The Caribbean and the Medical Imagination, 1764–1834: Slavery, Disease, and Colonial Modernity</i>. Emily Senior. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018. Pp. xii+284.

Edinburgh’s Enlightenment abroad: navigating humanity as a physician, merchant, natural historian and settler-colonist

ABSTRACT Scotland’s Enlightenment and Britain’s Empire were inseparably entwined, such that the former’s conceptualisation of humanity bore the indelible impression of the latter. We argue here that, by tracing the career and writings of one among a much wider range of travellers educated in Edinburgh in the last years of the eighteenth century, the connections between Scotland’s Enlightenment and colonisation can be usefully explored. Alexander Berry (1781–1873) was educated in medicine at the University of Edinburgh between 1798 and 1800 and then travelled to China, Australia, Fiji, and Aotearoa/New Zealand, before eventually becoming a prosperous landowner at Shoalhaven on the South Coast of New South Wales. Throughout it all, Berry speculated on the humanity of diverse peoples he interacted with as physician, merchant, landowner, and as a natural historian. His career exemplifies the entangled commercial, colonial, and scientific interests that characterised the global circulation of Enlightenment knowledge in the context of Britain’s expanding Empire. From the intimacy of his encounters with non-European and Indigenous peoples, and the trans-imperial networks of trade and expertise in which he was engaged, his speculations on humanity bore the marks of both Enlightenment and Empire.

Reading for Difference in the Archives of Tropical Geography: Imagining An(Other) Economic Geography for Beyond the Anthropocene

AbstractThis paper is based on the 2016 Neil Smith Lecture presented at St Andrews University. It honours the work of a geographer whose pioneering work on uneven development and the complex relations between capitalism and nature shaped late 20thcentury thinking inside and beyond the discipline of Geography. Today the collision of earth system dynamics with socio‐economic dynamics is shaking apart Enlightenment knowledge systems, forcing questions of what it means to be a responsible inhabitant on planet earth and how, indeed, to go onwards “in a different mode of humanity”, to quote eco‐feminist philosopher Val Plumwood (2007;Australian Humanities Review42:1). “The Great Acceleration” since the 1950s of trends in key aspects of earth system health and socio‐economic change highlights powerful dynamics that have shaped a new geological epoch, contentiously named the Anthropocene—or more perhaps to Neil’s liking, the Capitalocene. In this paper I ask how might we do geographic research in these times? I reflect on this question by drawing on the feminist anti‐essentialist thinking strategy of reading for difference developed by J.K. Gibson‐Graham. I attempt to open up new ways of working with uncertain possibilities. I do so with reference to field research into place‐based knowledges of resilience in Monsoon Asia—a region that is experiencing increasingly uncertain and extreme “natural” events that signal Anthropogenic climate change. I return to “area studies” scholarship of Monsoon Asia conducted in the 1950s when the engines of economic change were starting to rev, fuelled by dire predictions of population explosion and the fear of communism. Like Neil, I am interested in the genealogy of geographical scholarship and the institutional contexts in which it developed and was influential. I look back to see how local knowledge was described and appreciated by two of our geographic forefathers and I consider how reading against the grain of capitalocentrism might play a role in making other worlds possible.

Tecnologías del capitalismo contemporáneo para el Entretenimiento y el Diseño de almas ¿estandarizadas?

En este trabajo nos proponemos un acercamiento exploratorio a las charlas TED (TED Talks), producto audiovisual alojado en la plataforma YouTube y la web ted.com de gran circulación y consumo. Frente a un actual régimen de acumulación flexible que parcela las voluntades y las responsabilidades vitales de manera individual, explorar críticamente las características de TED nos acerca a los patrones actitudinales actuales frente al conocimiento y la acción política.&#x0D; TED parece ofrecer un producto a tono con el hedonismo nihilista al que se refiere Mark Fisher (2016), ese no pensar que se apropia de discursos rápidos y digeridos que permiten ostentar un supuesto conocimiento multidisciplinar e ilustrado. Una profundización en su formato puede iluminar intersecciones discursivas menos innovadoras de las que su apariencia indica, y lo suficientemente conservadoras en sus valores basales. En este sentido, el artículo se expande sobre cómo las famosas charlas funcionan como estructura en sintonía con las lógicas culturales del capitalismo contemporáneo, para luego avanzar sobre cómo incorporan a oradores que tensionan el formato por sostener lugares de enunciación y de origen subalternos.

Translation history and scientific development: enlightened knowledge in Portuguese

Abstract This article aims to bring to the attention of Translation Studies scholars and Translation historians outside Brazil a specific phenomenon in the historiography of translation into Portuguese. The focus rests on the scientific translation boom which took place in Portugal between 1799 and 1808, in a movement of books and knowledge which molded Enlightenment in the Portuguese Empire. In that context, a group of translators born in Brazil played a decisive role while working for the Tipographia Casa do Arco do Cego, run by Friar José Mariano da Conceição Veloso, a publishing house known for its publications on enlightened science.

The Goyesque Gaze: Image, Violence, Dignity-Potency

This work interprets a series of widely neglected interventions by the Spanish painter Francisco de Goya that are fundamental to understanding how we see history and violence in our contemporary world of techné and spectacle. Through a close reading of some of the etchings in his series The Disasters of War (1810–15) and by means of an anti-historicist reading of modern liberal Spain, Goya is revealed to be a counter-Enlightenment, counter-Romantic, and counter-modern, author not determined by the modern will to power or classical subjectifying humanism. Ultimately, Goya challenges neoclassical modes of figuration, criticizes the narrativization of history, and distances himself from Moratín and Jovellanos and their conceptions of the relationship between power and Enlightenment knowledge. The ethos of Goya’s gaze nullifies any defeatist and tremendista readings of his late works, and what I call the ‘disfigures’ that populate The Disasters demonstrate the limits of power in the name of a dignity-potency of the people that pre-exists and resists the complete appropriation of contemporary scattered violence.

Challenging the ruling paradigms of the global knowledge system: Ashis Nandy in conversation with Phillip Darby

Phillip Darby: Our hope in this conversation is to take up a few core themes in Ashis Nandy’s work that address the encounter between Enlightenment knowledge and traditional knowledge as lived in t...

Bīsotūn and the French Enlightenment

AbstractThis study examines a little-known case of Enlightenment knowledge transmission centred on the rock-cut monument of Darius I at Bīsotūn in western Iran. It discusses a report on the monument published by the cartographer and historian Jean-Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville, which originated with the Decalced Carmelite monk Emmanuel de Saint-Albert (born Jean-Claude Ballyet); who transmitted it to Isaac Bellet, a doctor involved in secret negotiations in Constantinople; who in turn sent it to Louis, Duke d'Orléans, in Paris; who passed it on to d'Anville. The collison of scholarly interest, political service and scientific personality offers a fascinating case study of the Enlightenment ‘republic of letters’ in action.

The green and the cool: Hybridity, relationality and ethnographic-biographical responses to intervention

ABSTRACT Policy debates on conflict research, which are mostly directly used to develop practices of soft intervention (including conflict resolution, peacebuilding and statebuilding), emanate from common epistemic and ontological frameworks. Most have been produced and perpetuated by key institutions in the global North through their encounter with historical direct and structural violence, both North and South. Power has followed Enlightenment knowledge, along with its various biases and exclusions. Its progressive normative, political, economic and social assumptions about a ‘good society’ and an ‘international community’ have been fed through social science into the building of international institutions, IFIs and the donor system. Using a method called ethnographic biography (in which biography is broadly defined to include the bibliography produced by the subject, as well as interviews and discussions), this article illustrates how peace thinking is mutually constructed as both positive and hybrid, confirming earlier critical work. However, the research methods deployed to engage with the contextual production of knowledge by local scholar-practitioners are sorely underdeveloped. This is illustrated through an analysis of the work of ‘local’ conflict scholars on their own peacebuilding and statebuilding processes in Cyprus, Kosovo and Timor Leste.

Co-motion: Making space to care for country

Ontological differences between mainstream ‘Natural Resource Management’ (NRM) and Indigenous Australian ‘Caring for Country’ are an often invisible but complicating factor in cross-cultural collaborations in land and sea management. In an effort to be included, or to include, Indigenous peoples and their estates in NRM funding, many Indigenous groups have framed their caring for country activities as NRM. Indeed, much of the funding available to Indigenous ranger groups is to pursue mainstream NRM outcomes. Consequently, institutional structures and funding arrangements have not effectively recognised or supported caring for country on its own terms. Contextualised through experiences of the Yolngu people in NE Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia, this paper aims to render visible and challengeable the hidden ontological dominance of Enlightenment knowledge in land and sea management discourses and the inadequacy of these universalisms to respect and honour ontological difference. It highlights the invisibility of power to cultures of power and its implications for managing cross-cultural institutions. Esteva’s (1987) concept of co-motion, of moving together, is then applied to the land and sea management context as an opportunity for opening institutional and administrative spaces to allow for self-determination to care for country, and thus, for equitable and meaningful collaborations between cultures.

Realism's Ghosts: Science and Spectacle inTom Jones

The performative dimension of Fielding's fiction has often frustrated the attempts of critics to read the machinery of his plot through the lens of rationalist Enlightenment philosophy. Rather than a deity or benevolent magistrate, Fielding's narrator has seemed more like a trickster or charlatan manipulating a narrative full of spectacular coincidences and implausibilities. Historians of science, however, have shown that performances with spectacular machines played a key role in establishing the epistemological authority of empirical science in the eighteenth century. Like Fielding, moreover, eighteenth-century natural philosophers were accused of being charlatans staging magic shows. To distinguish themselves from their rivals, therefore, philosophers had to perform “boundary-work” in which they contrasted the enlightened knowledge produced by their performances with the vulgar superstition they claimed was perpetuated by magic shows. Fielding performs the same boundary-work in Tom Jones, carefully contrasting the enlightened “poetic Faith” solicited by the rationalized clockwork of his plot with the superstition incited by the baroque machinery of spectacular narratives that he represents as barbarous, foreign, and antiquated. But he also follows other Augustan authors in acknowledging that the entertainments popular in the culture of spectacle had distinctly modern, domestic origins and that the residual “superstition” they cultivated was really the commodity fetishism integral to a new capitalist system of production. Fielding's goal in Tom Jones was thus not to eliminate manipulative spectacle from modern narrative but to harness it by directing it toward the higher purpose of producing philosophical knowledge.

Fatal Revolutions: Natural History, West Indian Slavery, and the Routes of American Literature

Christopher P. Iannini's Fatal Revolutions is a significant contribution to the hemispheric turn taken by Ralph Bauer, Susan Scott Parrish, and others in recent studies of the relationship between natural history and literary culture in European colonies in the Americas. Through close readings of a seemingly “eclectic series of texts” (p. 8) Iannini makes a compelling argument for the role of depictions of the Caribbean region in the development of American letters, capaciously defined: From Mark Catesby's Natural History of Carolina through [John James] Audubon's Ornithological Biography and Birds of America, North American readers had been trained to regard the southern colonies (later, states) … as part of an extended Caribbean region that was both a primary source of national wealth and enlightened knowledge and a corrosive influence on national manners, borders, and beliefs. (pp. 282–83) Iannini's primary concern is the linkage between the development of the plantation economy in the Americas and “the rise of natural history as a new scientific discipline, intellectual obsession, and literary form” (p. 3). In effect, Fatal Revolutions traces the increasing role that the ethnography of slavery plays in works of natural history written between 1700 and the early nineteenth century.

The Universe of the Mind of a Poet: Juhan Liiv’s Philosophy and Poetics

Nations whose cultural tradition due to historical reasons is not large, especially smaller nations, cannot display centuries-old academic traditions which philosophy as a field of knowledge and research would presuppose. Luckily philosophy is not merely a faculty of knowledge but represents the field of perception to which poets have contributed since the oldest times – in parallel with philosophical practice in ancient Greece and long before philosophy became established as a university discipline in Western Europe. It would be too much to expect from poets a rational systematization in developing their thoughts. However, it does not mean at all that their thought would have been incapable of penetrating into life’s darker zones, with which enlightened knowledge has often instinctively kept its distance.

The New Digital [St]age: Barriers to the Adoption and Adaptation of New Technologies to Deliver Extension Programming and How to Address Them

With the rise of social media and the need for statewide program cohesiveness, The Ohio State University Extension has the opportunity to position itself as a catalyst for technology adoption and adaptation nationwide. Unfortunately, many barriers exist to the successful use and implementation of technology, including an organizational structure that does not cater to the short turn-around new technologies demand and ideological generational divides among all who are affected by the organization. In order to allow new technologies to positively affect Extension programming, we must first break through such barriers with a powerful combination of enlightened knowledge and hands-on training.