Enlargement Of Stomach Research Articles

Diagnosis and treatment of gas-bloat syndrome after antireflux surgery

The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of complications after laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication in patients with a hernia of the esophageal orifice of the diaphragm, to determine the features of diagnosis and treatment of gas-bloat syndrome. Materials and methods. According to the results of the meta-analysis, 10 % of patients with esophageal hiatal hernia developed inability to belch, 19 % – gas-bloat syndrome, 59 % – flatulence after laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. The treatment results of two patients with gas-bloat syndrome at the SI “Shalimov’s National Institute of Surgery and Transplantation” of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine for the period 2018–2020 are presented. Reconstructive fundoplication according to Toupet was performed in one patient, and one patient underwent endoscopic dilatation of the esophagogastric junction using a Boston Scientific 3.0 balloon. Conclusions. Pain reduction after a nasogastric tube placement and air venting from it is a tool to diagnose gas-bloat syndrome. Increasing aerogastria and stomach enlargement in 30–60 minutes after an additional meal make X-ray examination more informative and can be considered as new radiological symptoms. Toupet refundoplication is an effective surgical treatment for gas-bloat syndrome in patients after complete Nissen fundoplication.

Gastric peroral myotomy (G-POEM) in patients with delayed emptying function of the stomach

Introduction. Disorders in the gastric evacuation function are met in patients with gastroesophageal reflux. In most cases, simultaneous laparoscopic pyloroplasty can solve the problem. As an alternative to surgical pyloroplasty to treat gastroparesis, a new technique has been proposed – peroral submucosal pyloromyotomy or gastric peroral endoscopic myotomy (G-POEM). Recently, this endoscopic surgery has been implemented in adults and in newborns with congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis to treat gastric paresis. In the present work, the authors describe this technique and short-term results after G-POEM in a child who had previously been operated on for gastroesophageal reflux.Material and methods. Peroral submucosal pyloromyotomy was performed in a girl of 5 y.o. with impaired motor-evacuation function of the stomach after surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease at the age of two . For 3 years, the child had therapy which included antiemetics and H2-receptor blockers. However, clinical symptoms constantly recurred, and it was decided to make a thorough examination of the patient. At the contrast examination of upper gastrointestinal tract, stomach enlargement and slow transit of the contrast preparation into the duodenum were seen. Fibrogastroduodenoscopy confirmed the normal function of the fundoplication cuff and found a cause of impaired gastric emptying. A contracted gastric outlet as a spasmodic pylorus was found to be an obstacle for normal stomach evacuation function. A narrow hole in the pylorus was found. A 5.4 mm gastroscope could pass through it. The patient had a complete peroral endoscopic submucosal pyloromyotomy. The technique of this surgery consisted in creating a submucosal tunnel at 4 cm before the pylorus and in dissecting the hypertrophied muscle layer by Ramstedt incision using an electrocoagulation knife. After the end of surgery, the incision on the mucous layer was closed with special clamps.Results. Surgical time lasted for 45 minutes. There were no intraoperative complications: bleedings and mucosal perforation . The patient began to eat in 6 hours after the surgery. The transition to full enteral feeding lasted for 24 hours. The child was discharged from the hospital next day in good condition. At the follow-up examination 6 months after surgery, the girl had weight and height typical for her age. There were no signs of dysphagia, abdominal distension, nausea and vomiting any more . There were no post-operative scarring on the child’s abdominal wall.Conclusion. Peroral submucosal pyloromyotomy is technically implementable, safe and effective for treating disorders of stomach evacuation function in children. Further research is needed to find the place of this technique in the treatment of gastric outlet obstruction.

Optimising streptozotocin dosing to minimise renal toxicity and impairment of stomach emptying in male 129/Sv mice.

The streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mouse model has been extensively used as a model for diabetes and diabetic nephropathy, but it is still influenced by many off-target toxic effects and large variation in diabetes induction. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare different STZ dosing regimens to optimise animal welfare and minimise unwanted effects of STZ measured by acute renal toxicity, impairment of stomach emptying and weight loss. Male 129/Sv mice were injected with 1 × 50, 1 × 100, 1 × 125, 1 × 150, 1 × 200, 5 × 50, 2 × 100 and 2 × 125 mg/kg STZ or vehicle and euthanized 24 hours after the last injection. All STZ doses were found to induce significant enlargement of the stomach. All multiple doses of STZ increased the albumin:creatinine ratio significantly, and immunohistochemical staining of KIM-1 and Ki-67 was increased by 5 × 50 and 2 × 100 mg/kg STZ. Renal gene expression of Cdkn1a, KIM-1, NGAL and MCP-1 was increased by most of the STZ doses. No difference was found between the double intermediate dose of 2 × 100 mg/kg and the multiple low dose of 5 × 50 mg/kg regarding either stomach enlargement or kidney injury. However, the reduced fasting periods and injections in the 2 × 100 mg/kg STZ group could have lowered the impact on the general condition measured as change in body weight. This shows that the double intermediate dose is a good alternative to the recommended multiple low dose for diabetes induction in these mice. The STZ-induced mouse model has again proven to be a model with large variations affecting both animal welfare and model robustness.

Prevalance and pathology of gastric tumours in Indian oil sardine (Sardinella longiceps) from Parangipettai coastal waters, southeast coast of India

Objective: To carry out the survey of prevalence of gastric tumour in Sardinella longiceps of Parangipettai coastal waters, south east coast of India for a period of one year. Methods: Fish samples were directly collected from fishermen and also from auction yard. The prevalence of gastric tumour, gross pathology, radiography, histopathology, morphometric and meristic characters were investigated. Results: A total of 31 stomach tumour infected individuals were collected during the study period. The gross morphology showed distended abdomen and the radiograph exhibited enlargement of stomach. Autopsy of the infected fish exhibited reddish multilobed tumourous growth on the stomach. Histologically, the tumour lesions were characterized by the differential rate of glandular epitheloid and mesenchymal cells, polymorphic and hyperchromatic nuclei and mitotic activity. No evidence of local invasion and distinct metastases were observed in these cases. Conclusions: The tumours were diagnosed as gastric adenoma, myofibroblastoma, lipoma and fibrosarcoma. Among them myofibroblastoma is highly prevalent.

Bronchial asthma, symptomatology and therapeutic method in traditional medicine

Precice information on the treatment of bronchial asthma in Persia up to 9th and 10th century is not available. However according to some old religious books like Yasna and Vendidad, the “Haoma” had been used in the treatment of perspiration disorders and its extract had been advised by Zoraster as sacred water. There are some interesting idea about treatment of thorax diseases, which consist: Dyspnea, Bronchial asthma, Orthopnea, Emphysema, Hemoptysis, Differential diagnosis between pneumonia and pleurisy, Differential diagnosis between bleeding of thorax and lung, Diaphragmitis, Atelectasis….. Symptomas of disease: Three main symptoms of bronchial asthma have been described: 1- Special difficulty in breathing: The patient can not breath unless he turns his head backward, and his breathing is accompanied with wheezing and it is similar to that of a person who has run for a long time. Inspiration is difficult and expiration is long. 2- Presence of characteristic sputum which could be found either in trachea or in the lungs. Sputum could be expelled by coughing. In case sputum is present in the lungs there is less coughing and sputum expelling not as easy as in the former case. 3- The patient has disturbed plus. Etiology: Ancient Iranian physicians have mentioned so many factors which are helpful in existence of this disease and consist of: smoke, dust, cold or coryza, enlargement of stomach, liver, cold temperament, nervous temperament, narrownese of larynx, Trachea, bronchiolus, bronchiole and lungs. Treatment of real causes: For treatment it is necessary that the real reasons of the disease be diagnosed and the treatment depends on the cause of the bronchial asthma. Treatment of real causes, treatment children and adult, medical plants, mineral drugs and biological drugs which have been used, and side treatment will be discussed in full paper.

Compositional and nutritional attributes of seeds from the multiple purpose treeMoringa oleifera Lamarck

Moringa oleifera Lam is a multipurpose tree cultivated to use as a vegetable, for spice, for cooking and cosmetic oil and as a medicinal plant. Owing to the use of its seeds as food and as a clarifying agent of turbid water some nutritional and antinutritional characteristics were studied. The mature seeds contained 332.5 g crude protein, 412.0 g crude fat, 211.2 g carbohydrate and 44.3 g ash per kg dry matter. The essential amino acid profile compared with the FAO/WHO/UNU scoring pattern requirements for different age groups showed deficiency of lysine, threonine and valine. The content of methionine + cysteine (43.6 g kg−1 protein), however, was exceptionally higher and close to that of human milk, chicken egg and cow's milk. The seed extract agglutinated rabbit erythrocytes but did not show trypsin inhibitor and urease activities. Feeding rats with a diet containing the seed meal showed loss of appetite, impaired growth, lower NPU and enlargement of stomach, small intestine, caecum + colon, liver, pancreas, kidneys, heart and lungs and atrophy of thymus and spleen in comparison with rats fed on an egg-white diet. The results indicated that consumption of M oleifera raw mature seeds should be viewed with some caution until suitable processing methods are developed to abolish the yet unknown adverse factors. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry

Platinum drugs: combined anti-lymphoproliferative and nephrotoxicity assay in rats.

A 4-day drug schedule was used to explore the efficacy and simultaneous toxicity of cisplatin and 30 other platinum (II) amines given IP to PVG x Lew F1 hybrid rats at cumulative doses of 10-300 mumol/kg. Toxic effects monitored were stomach enlargement, kidney hypertrophy with tubular necrosis and proteinuria, evident visceral mucin, and lymphoid involution (thymus, spleen). Immunosuppressive effects were monitored as inhibition of the lymph node hypertrophy induced by grafting PVG spleen cells into each paw of F1 hybrids. No significant activity/toxicity was observed with 'platinum-(pyrimidine) blues'. N-alkyl derivatives of cisplatin were less active/toxic and some had no immunosuppressant effect, though they are reported as effective antitumour agents (in mice). mu-Hydroxobridged aminoplatinum (II) dimers were highly toxic, effective immunosuppressants and their toxicity profiles were distinct from the dihalo or diaquo diaminoplatinum species. 1,2-Diaminocyclohexane platinum derivatives showed a wide range of potency, all being much less nephrotoxic than cisplatin.