Enhancement Of Healing Research Articles

Clinical and Molecular Impact of Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin on Pain, Swelling, and Distal Periodontal Status of Mandibular Second Molars After Mandibular Third-Molar Extraction

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the role of A-PRF (advanced platelet-rich fibrin) in the enhancement of wound healing and protecting the periodontal health of mandibular second molars after the extraction of mandibular third molars. Additionally, the study assessed the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of mandibular second molars as markers of inflammation. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five systemically healthy adult patients with bilateral removal of impacted mandibular third molars were included. Each patient received A-PRF in one extraction site, while the contralateral site served as a control. Periodontal parameters of the adjacent second molar, including probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL), were measured in distal–vestibular (DV) and distal–lingual (DL) sites. Pain, swelling, and overall healing were subjectively evaluated. Levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the GCF were analyzed. Evaluations occurred at baseline and three months post-surgery. Results: A-PRF significantly improved PD (from 4.69 ± 0.61 mm to 3.85 ± 0.34 mm in DV, and from 4.71 ± 0.65 mm to 3.79 ± 0.27 mm in DL, respectively) and CAL (from 2.41 ± 0.25 mm to 1.82 ± 0.21 mm in DV, and from 2.40 ± 0.36 mm to 1.75 ± 0.19 mm in DL, respectively) of the adjacent second molar, compared to control sites, three months post-surgery. Pain and swelling scores were notably lower on the 7th postoperative day in the A-PRF group. A-PRF also reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines in GCF, significantly more than in control sites, at three months post-surgery. Conclusions: A-PRF enhances the periodontal and inflammatory status of adjacent teeth and wound healing after the extraction of mandibular third molars.

Recombinant Production of Ib-AMP4 and Oncorhyncin II Antimicrobial Peptides and Antimicrobial Synergistic Assessment on the Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Under in vitro Condition.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a significant and prevalent pathogen that poses a major challenge in healthcare environments. In light of the growing threat posed by multidrug-resistant organisms like MRSA, there is an urgent need for alternative therapeutic strategies. One promising avenue of research involves the use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). These naturally occurring molecules, which are part of the innate immune response in many organisms, have garnered attention for their ability to combat a wide range of pathogens. This study aimed to produce recombinant versions of Ib-AMP4 and Oncorhyncin II and to evaluate their combined effects against MRSA (NCTC10442). Escherichia coli BL21(DE3] served as the expression host for the synthesized variants of the Ib-AMP4 and Oncorhyncin II genes. The antimicrobial efficacy of these peptides against MRSA S. aureus (NCTC1042] was evaluated using a comprehensive methodology that encompassed the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the performance of time-kill assays, and the analysis of growth kinetics. The individual antimicrobial activities of Ib-AMP4 and Oncorhyncin II were assessed, revealing minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 27.75 μg/mL and 40.125 μg/mL against S. aureus (MRSA) (NCTC10442), respectively. The application of a checkerboard assay to evaluate the combination of these antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) demonstrated a synergistic interaction, which was further validated through time-kill and growth kinetic studies. When administered at double the MIC, a significant reduction in the log10 CFU/mL of MRSA (NCTC 10442) was observed, underscoring the synergistic bacteriostatic effect mediated by the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index of the two peptides. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have attracted significant interest owing to the growing intricacy of microbial infections. They constitute a promising category of novel antibiotics that warrant further investigation for the treatment of S. aureus infections and the enhancement of wound healing. Although certain AMPs can operate autonomously, others may necessitate a synergistic approach alongside conventional antibiotics. Studies examining the combined efficacy of Oncorhyncin II and Ib-AMP4 against MRSA in vitro have revealed their effectiveness.

Wide‐Spectrum Nano‐Antibiotics Based on TPA‐Py@AuNCs⊂BSA for Multimodal Synergistic Therapy of Drug‐Resistant Bacteria and Wound Infections

ABSTRACTTo meet the high requirements of biomedical applications in antimicrobial agents, it is crucial to explore efficient nano‐antimicrobial agents with no resistance and good biocompatibility for treating infected wounds. In this study, composite nano‐antibiotic TPA‐Py@AuNCs⊂BSA nanoparticles (TAB NPs) are prepared using hollow mesoporous Au nanocages (AuNCs) loaded with a photosensitizer (namely TPA‐Py) with D‐π‐A structure showing aggregation‐induced emission properties. When TPA‐Py is encapsulated in the cavity of AuNCs, its fluorescence is suppressed. In the presence of photothermal induction, TPA‐Py can be released from the AuNCs, allowing for the restoration of fluorescence illumination and the specific imaging of Gram‐positive bacteria. TAB NPs demonstrate outstanding antimicrobial activity against a variety of bacteria, and this multimodal antimicrobial property does not lead to the development of bacterial resistance. In vitro experiments show that TAB NPs could eliminate bacteria and ablate bacterial biofilm. In vivo experiments show that the synergistic antimicrobial effect of TAB NPs has a significant positive impact on the treatment of infected wounds, including rapid antibacterial action, promotion of M2 macrophage polarization, and enhancement of chronic wound healing. This study provides an effective strategy for developing wide‐spectrum nano‐antibiotics for the ablation of bacterial biofilms and the treatment of infected wounds.

Collaborative Enhancement of Diabetic Wound Healing and Skin Regeneration by Recombinant Human Collagen Hydrogel and hADSCs.

Stem cell-based therapies hold significant promise for chronic wound healing and skin appendages regeneration, but challenges such as limited stem cell lifespan and poor biocompatibility of delivery systems hinder clinical application. In this study, an in situ delivery system for human adipose-derived stem cells is developed (hADSCs) to enhance diabetic wound healing. The system utilizes a photo-crosslinking recombinant human type III collagen (rHCIII) hydrogel to encapsulate hADSCs, termed the hADSCs@rHCIII hydrogel. This hydrogel undergoes local crosslinking at the wound site, establishing a sturdy 3D niche suitable for stem cell function. Consequently, the encapsulated hADSCs exhibit strong attachment and spreading within the hydrogels, maintaining their proliferation, metabolic activity, and viability for up to three weeks in vitro. Importantly, in vivo studies demonstrate that the hADSCs@rHCIII hydrogel achieves significant in situ delivery of stem cells, prolonging their retention within the wound. This ultimately enhances their immunomodulatory capabilities, promotes neovascularization and granulation tissue formation, facilitates matrix remodeling, and accelerates healing in a diabetic mouse wound model. Collectively, these findings highlight the potential of the conveniently-prepared and user-friendly hADSCs@rHCIII hydrogel as a promising therapeutic approach for diabetic wound treatment and in situ skin regeneration.

Deferoxamine Accelerates Mandibular Condylar Neck Fracture Early Bone Healing by Promoting Type H VesselProliferation.

Condylar fractures (CFs) are a common type of maxillofacial trauma, especially in adolescents. Conservative treatment of CF avoids the possible complications of surgical intervention, but prolongs the patient's suffering because of the requirement for extended intermaxillary fixation. Therefore, the development of a new strategy to accelerate the rate of fracture healing to shorten the period of conservative treatment is of great clinical importance. To investigate the potential of deferoxamine (DFO) in promoting the healing process of CF in adolescent mice. Thirty-two 4-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to four groups: vehicle + sham group, vehicle + CF group, DFO + sham group and DFO + CF group. After constructing the mandibular CF model, mandibular tissue samples were collected respectively at 1, 2 and 4 weeks postoperatively. Radiographic and histomorphometric analyses were employed to assess bone tissue healing and vascular formation. Deferoxamine was observed to promote the early bone healing of fracture, both radiologically and histomorphometrically. Furthermore, this enhancement of condylar neck fracture healing was attributed to the upregulation of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) signalling pathway while facilitating the formation of type H vessels. In addition, DFO did not produce significant effects on the condylar neck between vehicle + sham and DFO + sham group. The application of the HIF-1α inducer DFO can enhance type H vessels expansion thereby accelerating condylar neck fracture healing.

Biocompatible and Safe Decellularized Spinach With Antibacterial and Wound Healing Activity.

Creating acellular vascularized constructs from animal and plant tissue is one of the well-known strategies for scaffold assembly. Decellularization takes an important position among these strategies. The most common method is chemical decellularization. This approach employs high concentrations of detergents, primarily Triton X-100, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and sodium hypochlorite (SH). In this work, novel techniques for decellularizing spinach were developed using detergents frequently utilized in laboratories. Spinach leaves were decellularized using Tween-20, SDS, and SH at low concentrations to generate an acellular plant matrix for tissue engineering. We measured the quantities of DNA and protein, as well as the decellularization using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The biocompatibility and capacity of the biostructures to stimulate fibroblast wound healing were assessed using MTT and the Scratch assay. The antibacterial activity of the scaffolds was also tested against a gram-positive bacterium, Staphilococcus aureus, which is a common pathogen associated with wound healing. The best shape, evident vascularization, and good biocompatibility were seen in the Tween-20 decellularized samples at 1% concentration at 21°C and 37°C through the enhancement of cell proliferation and wound healing. In terms of antibacterial activity, all scaffold samples had a significant effect on Staphilococcus aureus, where the number of bacterial colonies in all six scaffold groups became zero after 4 h of treatment. The scaffolds also showed a 100% kill rate on Staphilococcus aureus, which could avoid wound infection during the repair process, and that can be suggested as a scaffold for tissue engineering applications and an important constituent for pharmacological activities.

Synthesis and evaluation of nanosized aluminum MOF encapsulating Umbelliferon: assessing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing potential in an earthworm model

Nanoporous aluminum metal–organic framework (Al-MOF) was synthesized via solvothermal methods and employed as a carrier matrix for in vitro drug delivery of Umbelliferon (Um). The encapsulated Um was gradually released over seven days at 37 °C, using simulated body fluid phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at pH 7.4 as the release medium. The drug release profile suggests the potential of Al-MOF nanoparticles as effective drug delivery carriers. Structural and chemical analyses of Um-loaded Al-MOF nanoparticles (Um-Al MOF) were conducted using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) was employed to investigate the thermal stability of the Al-MOF nanoparticles, while Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) was utilized to assess their morphological features. Um-Al MOF nanoparticles demonstrated notable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties compared to Um and Al-MOF nanoparticles individually. Moreover, they exhibited significant enhancement in wound healing in an earthworm model. These findings underscore the potential of Al-MOF nanoparticles as a promising drug delivery system, necessitating further investigations to explore their clinical applicability.

Overview of Leech Therapy as an Alternative Treatment for Varicose Ulcers: Mechanisms and Efficacy

Varicose ulcer, the most severe and debilitating complication of chronic venous insufficiency in the lower limbs, impart substantial obstacles in medical management because of their chronicity and propensity for recurrence. About 80 percent of ulcerations on the lower extremities are triggered by varicose ulcer. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, varicose ulceration remains a major healthcare concern due to its potential for life-threatening complications. The morbidity has a detrimental effect on life expectancy. Venous ulceration results from persistent venous pressure brought on by venous insufficiency. Although the diagnosis is primarily clinical, it must be distinguished from other lower limb ulcer causes. Reduction of edema, enhancement of ulcer healing, and avoidance of recurrence are the objectives of treatment. Although conservative care, mechanical treatment, pharmaceutical, and surgical methods are available for the treatment of venous ulcers, but Hirudotherapy, also known as leech therapy, has grown into a prominent complementary treatment option. It has the potential to promote wound healing and alleviate varicose ulcer symptoms. The objective of this review is to accord a thorough overview of the application of leech therapy to the management of varicose ulcers. The present study emphasizes on the mechanisms of action, efficacy and safety profile of leech therapy in the context of managing varicose ulcers by synthesizing a collection of available literature, clinical investigations, and case reports.

Healing Potential of the Marine Polysaccharides Carrageenan and Ulvan on Second-Degree Burns.

The treatment of second-degree burn wounds presents a significant clinical challenge, often characterized by prolonged healing times and risk of complications. In this study, the wound healing potential of bioactive marine sulfated polysaccharides ulvan and carrageenan formulated in gels at concentrations of 1.5%, 5.0%, and 10% w/w was evaluated. Hairless female SKH-hr2 mice (n = 7 per treatment) with burn-inflamed skin were treated with the polysaccharide-based gels, and the therapeutic efficacy was assessed using a comprehensive array of evaluation methods, including a histopathological analysis, clinical observation, photo-documentation, an image analysis, an evaluation of biophysical skin parameters, and FT-IR spectroscopy. Our findings indicate that the 10% w/w carrageenan gel exhibited significant enhancement in wound healing, particularly in the early stages of the healing process. This was evidenced by the restoration of the α-helix structure of collagen and the configuration of glycosaminoglycans, as demonstrated by FT-IR absorption bands of the skin both in vivo and ex vivo. Furthermore, the 5% w/w ulvan gel also demonstrated notable efficacy in promoting wound healing, particularly in the later stages of the healing process. These results suggest that carrageenan and ulvan gels hold promise for improving the efficiency of wound healing in second-degree burn wounds. Our study contributes to the understanding of the therapeutic potential of marine polysaccharides and provides insights into their mechanism of action in promoting wound healing.

Metformin as a Modulator of Autophagy and Hypoxia Responses in the Enhancement of Wound Healing in Diabetic Rats.

The molecular mechanisms underlying delayed wound repair in diabetes involve dysregulation of key cellular processes, including autophagy and hypoxia response pathways. Herein, we investigated the role of topical metformin, an established anti-diabetic drug with potential autophagy-inducing properties, in improving wound healing outcomes under hypoxic conditions. Full-thickness skin wounds were created in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, and tissue samples were collected at regular intervals for molecular and histological analysis. The expression levels of autophagy markers LC3B and Beclin-1 were evaluated via immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR, while the amount of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) were determined via ELISA. Our results demonstrated that metformin administration resulted in the upregulation of LC3B and Beclin-1 in the wound bed, suggesting induction of autophagy in response to the treatment. Mechanistically, metformin treatment also led to the increased amount of AMPK, a critical regulator of cellular energy homeostasis, and a subsequent reduction in HIF-1α amount under hypoxic conditions. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that metformin promotes wound healing in diabetes mellitus by enhancing autophagy through AMPK activation and modulating HIF-1α amount in a hypoxic microenvironment. This study offers a new therapeutic approach by shedding light on the potential benefits of metformin as adjunctive therapy in diabetic wound management.

Comprehensive evaluation of ethanol-preserved amniotic extracts: Exploring antioxidant properties, proliferation enhancement, protective efficacy and regeneration potential in wound healing

Amniotic membrane extract (AME) has significant regenerative potential, which has been preserved using various methods over the years. This study explores ethanol (ETOH) as a preservative for AME in regenerative medicine. The study evaluated ETOH-preserved AME at 70 % (ETOH 70 %) and 50 % (ETOH 50 %) concentrations stored at room temperature (RT) and −80 °C. These were compared to phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium/Glycerol (DMEM/GLY). In vitro assays included MTT for proliferation, apoptosis assays for protective effects, and scratch assays for migration using adipose stromal cells (ASCs) and fibroblasts. In vivo assessments involved subcutaneous injections in rats, with wound size measured at 4-, 8-, and 11-days post-injury. Histopathological parameters were analyzed after 11 days to evaluate tissue healing and regeneration.The results showed that ETOH preservation, particularly at 50 % and 70 %, exhibited significant antioxidant potential for AME, outperforming traditional methods. ETOH-preserved AME inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhanced proliferation rates in ASCs compared to DMEM/GLY (p < 0.01). The ETOH 50 % variant at RT significantly reduced apoptosis and sustained cell proliferation. In vivo, ETOH-preserved AME at 50 % and 70 % accelerated wound closure significantly compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Histopathological analysis revealed improved healing, collagen deposition, and tissue regeneration in treated groups. ETOH preservation is a viable and cost-effective method for maintaining the regenerative potential of AME. This approach offers notable antioxidant, proliferative, and cytoprotective benefits, suggesting its promise for diverse biomedical applications.

The addition of mesenchymal stem cells in a bioabsorbable scaffold does not enhance tendon healing after a repair of rotator cuff tear.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the healing potential of a full-thickness tendon defect in the rotator cuff of rabbits using a bioabsorbable scaffold impregnated with bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) or rotator cuff-derived mesenchymal stem cells (RC-MSCs). Sixteen adult rabbits were subjected to a full-thickness rotator cuff deficit. Rabbits were randomly assigned to four groups of four animals. In Group 0 (control), the deficit was left untreated. In Group 1, the deficit was treated with a single synthetic scaffold alone. In Group 2, the deficit was treated with the previous scaffold loaded with allogeneic BM-MSCs. In Group 3, the deficit was treated with the previous scaffold loaded with allogenic RC-MSCs. After animal sacrifice, tissue samples were subjected to histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Group 1 showed the highest mean tendon maturing score (15.3 ± 0.9) postoperatively, being significantly higher, in comparison to groups 0, 2 and 3 (p = 0.01, 0.02 and 0.01, respectively). Group 1 showed the highest mean collagen I/collagen III ratio (1.4 ± 0.8) postoperatively but without any statistical significance. The utilization of MSCs in rotator cuff repair in a rabbit model has not been associated with an enhancement in tendon healing in 16 weeks postoperatively, in comparison to controls and bioabsorbable scaffolds. The addition of MSCs does not result in better rotator cuff healing. Not applicable. This is an animal study.

Gold nanoparticles coated with collagen-I and their wound healing activity in human skin fibroblast cells

The slow wound healing process has become a major health problem. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been used in various biomedical applications because of their unique properties. Type I collagen (Collagen-I) is a protein and be the most abundant type of collagen. This type of collagen can help the surrounding structure to maintain its rigidity. In this study, we stabilized the surface of AuNPs using Collagen-I (Collagen-I@AuNPs) and investigated the effect of Collagen-I@AuNPs on wound healing. The evaluation of inflammatory cytokine secretion, which were interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), was performed. We found that Collagen-I@AuNPs reduced the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in scratched human skin fibroblast (HSF) cells. Furthermore, Collagen-I@AuNPs induced the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which are key growth factors involved in wound healing. This results in enhanced wound closure. In addition, Collagen-I@AuNPs were not toxic to HSF cells and facilitated the cellular uptake of particles inside HSF cells. Therefore, Collagen-I@AuNPs is a promising candidate for wound healing enhancement.

Comparison of glued platelet-rich fibrin membrane and noneugenol pack as periodontal dressings after gingival depigmentation

Abstract: Periodontal surgery often necessitates the use of a periodontal dressing to protect the surgical site and facilitate healing. Commonly used dressings, such as noneugenol packs, offer some benefits but have significant drawbacks, including plaque accumulation, a sensation of foreignness, and no significant impact on healing enhancement. On the other hand, platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membranes are rich in growth factors, which can accelerate wound healing and tissue regeneration. However, their use is limited due to the need for suturing to stabilize the membrane. N-butyl cyanoacrylate is a tissue adhesive known for its hemostatic and bacteriostatic properties and effectiveness in moist environments, presenting a potential solution for PRF membrane stabilization without the need for suturing. This case report evaluates the use of PRF membrane in combination with N-butyl cyanoacrylate adhesive as an alternative to traditional noneugenol periodontal dressing.

The Efficacy of Local Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma Prepared by Single and Double Spin Methods in the Treatment of Chronic Ulcer.

Chronic nonhealing ulcers present significant challenges in diabetic, dermatological, and surgical patients. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), enriched with bioactive factors, offers promise for wound healing enhancement. This study evaluates PRP's efficacy, prepared via single and double spin methods in nonhealing chronic ulcers. Twenty-two patients aged 18-65 years participated and100 mL of blood was drawn into citrate phosphate dextrose adenine (CPDA) bags with all aseptic precautions. PRP was prepared by single and double spin methods. Patient serum and 10% calcium gluconate were added to fibrin gel. PRP was injected around the ulcer and then dressed. Dressings were changed on the fifth, 15th, and 20th days with PRP. Evaluation occurred on day 30 using surface area and volume assessments by both methods. The single spin PRP group and double spin PRP group had 11 patientseach with hemoglobin range of 10.79±1.88 to 12.63±2.22 g/dL. Initial lesions (16.27 cm²) significantly reduced to 14.76 cm² after double spin PRP sessions (p=0.005) andInitial lesions (9.87 cm²) significantly reduced to 7.65 cm² after single spin PRP sessions (p=0.005). Platelet count differences between whole blood and PRP were significant (p<0.05). The single spin PRP method exhibited considerable improvements in healing parameters, showcasing its potential for chronic ulcer management.

Mass Spectrometry Reveals Molecular Effects of Citrulline Supplementation during Bone Fracture Healing in a Rat Model.

Bone fracture healing is a complex process in which specific molecular knowledge is still lacking. The citrulline-arginine-nitric oxide metabolism is one of the involved pathways, and its enrichment via citrulline supplementation can enhance fracture healing. This study investigated the molecular effects of citrulline supplementation during the different fracture healing phases in a rat model. Microcomputed tomography (μCT) was applied for the analysis of the fracture callus formation. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) and liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were used for lipid and protein analyses, respectively. μCT analysis showed no significant differences in the fracture callus volume and volume fraction between the citrulline supplementation and control group. The observed lipid profiles for the citrulline supplementation and control group were distinct for the different fracture healing stages. The main contributing lipid classes were phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs). The changing effect of citrulline supplementation throughout fracture healing was indicated by changes in the differentially expressed proteins between the groups. Pathway analysis showed an enhancement of fracture healing in the citrulline supplementation group in comparison to the control group via improved angiogenesis and earlier formation of the soft and hard callus. This study showed the molecular effects on lipids, proteins, and pathways associated with citrulline supplementation during bone fracture healing, even though no effect was visible with μCT.

Lactobacillus Reuteri Vesicles Regulate Mitochondrial Function of Macrophages to Promote Mucosal and Cutaneous Wound Healing.

The interplay between bacteria and their host influences the homeostasis of the human immune microenvironment, and this reciprocal interaction also affects the process of tissue damage repair. A variety of immunomodulatory commensal bacteria reside in the body, capable of delivering membrane vesicles (MVs) to host cells to regulate the local immune microenvironment. This research revealed, for the initial time, the significant enhancement of mucosal and cutaneous wound healing by MVs secreted by the human commensal Lactobacillus reuteri (RMVs) through modulation of the inflammatory environment in wound tissue. Local administration of RMVs reduces the proportion of pro-inflammatory macrophages in inflamed tissues and mitigates the level of local inflammation, thereby facilitating the healing of oral mucosa and cutaneous wounds. The elevated oxidative stress levels in activated pro-inflammatory macrophages can be modulated by RMVs, resulting in phenotypic transformation of macrophages. Furthermore, 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde present in RMVs can decrease the mitochondrial permeability of macrophages and stabilize the mitochondrial membrane potential, thereby promoting the conversion of macrophages to an anti-inflammatory phenotype. This study pioneers the significance of commensal bacterial MVs in tissue injury repair and presents a novel concept for the repair of tissue damage.

Enhancement of Wound Healing and Angiogenesis Using Mouse Embryo Fibroblasts Loaded in Decellularized Skin Scaffold.

Synthetic and natural polymer scaffolds can be used to design wound dressing for repairing the damaged skin tissue. This study investigated acute wound healing process using a decellularized skin scaffold and mouse embryo fibroblast (MEF). Mouse skin fragments were decellularized and evaluated by DNA content, toxicity, H&E staining, Raman confocal microscopy, Masson’s trichrome staining, SEM, and biodegradation assays. The fragments were recellularized by the MEFs, and cell attachment and penetration were studied. De- and decellularized scaffolds were used wound dressings in mouse acute wound models as two experimental groups. Using morphological and immunohistochemical assessments, wound healing was evaluated and compared among the experimental and control groups. DNA content of the decellularized tissue significantly reduced compared to the native control group (7% vs. 100%; p < 0.05). extracellular matrix components, e.g. collagen types I, III, and IV, elastin, and glycosaminoglycan, were well preserved in the decellularized group. The porosity and fiber arrangement in the stroma had a structure similar to normal skin tissue. A significant reduction in healing time was observed in the group treated with a decellularized scaffold. A thicker epidermis layer was observed in the recovered tissue in both experimental groups compared to the control group. Immunostaining showed a positive reaction for CD31 as an endothelial marker in both experimental groups, confirming new vascularization in these groups. Using MEFs with decellularized skin as a wound dressing increases the rate of wound healing and also the formation of new capillaries. This system could be beneficial for clinical applications in the field of tissue engineering.

A Combined Treatment of BMP2 and Soluble VEGFR1 for the Enhancement of Tendon-Bone Healing by Regulating Injury-Activated Skeletal Stem Cell Lineage

Background: Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) is an appealing osteogenic and chondrogenic growth factor for promoting tendon-bone healing. Recently, it has been reported that soluble vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 1 (sVEGFR1) (a VEGF receptor antagonist) could enhance BMP2-induced bone repair and cartilage regeneration; thus, their combined application may represent a promising treatment to improve tendon-bone healing. Moreover, BMP2 could stimulate skeletal stem cell (SSC) expansion and formation, which is responsible for wounded tendon-bone interface repair. However, whether the codelivery of BMP2 and sVEGFR1 increases tendon enthesis injury–activated SSCs better than does BMP2 alone needs further research. Purpose: To study the effect of BMP2 combined with sVEGFR1 on tendon-bone healing and injury-activated SSC lineage. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 128 C57BL/6 mice that underwent unilateral supraspinatus tendon detachment and repair were randomly assigned to 4 groups: (1) untreated control group; (2) hydrogel group, which received a local injection of the blank hydrogel at the injured site; (3) BMP2 group, which received an injection of hydrogel with BMP2; and (4) BMP2 with sVEGFR1 group, which received an injection of hydrogel with BMP2 and sVEGFR1. Histology, micro–computed tomography, and biomechanical tests were conducted to evaluate tendon-bone healing at 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. In addition, flow cytometry was performed to detect the proportion of SSCs and their downstream differentiated subtypes, including bone, cartilage, and stromal progenitors; osteoprogenitors; and pro-chondrogenic progenitors within supraspinatus tendon enthesis at 1 week postoperatively. Results: The repaired interface in BMP2 with sVEGFR1 group showed a significantly improved collagen fiber continuity, increased fibrocartilage, greater newly formed bone, and elevated mechanical properties compared with the other 3 groups. There were more SSCs; bone, cartilage, and stromal progenitors; osteoprogenitors; and pro-chondrogenic progenitors in the BMP2 with sVEGFR1 group than that in the other groups. Conclusion: Our study suggests that the combined delivery of BMP2 and sVEGFR1 could promote tendon-bone healing and stimulate the expansion of SSCs and their downstream progeny within the injured tendon-bone interface. Clinical Relevance: Combining BMP2 with sVEGFR1 may be a good clinical treatment for wounded tendon enthesis healing.

Evaluating the effectiveness of proactive perioperative nursing strategies on the prevention of surgical site infections and the enhancement of skin healing in paediatric abdominal surgery

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate the comparative efficacy of proactive perioperative nursing interventions versus conventional perioperative nursing care in improving wound healing, reducing the incidence of surgical site infections (SSIs) and enhancing patient satisfaction among paediatric patients undergoing elective open abdominal surgery. A total of 100 paediatric patients were enrolled in a randomised controlled trial at our hospital between January 2021 and December 2022. Inclusion criteria were patients aged &lt;18 years who met the requirements for surgical intervention and had no contraindications to surgery or anaesthesia. Patients were randomly assigned to either an observation group receiving proactive perioperative nursing care, or a control group subjected to conventional care. Primary outcome measures included surgical incision healing grades (A, B, C), infection rates confirmed by bacterial culture within 30 days post‐surgery, patient satisfaction scores and length of hospital stay. Comprehensive statistical analyses were performed using IBM's SPSS software (version 27.0). Both groups demonstrated statistically similar baseline demographics and surgical parameters. However, the observation group showed significant improvement in wound healing outcomes (Grade A) and decreased incidence of complications (Grade C) and infections compared to the control group (P &lt; 0.05). Patient satisfaction was significantly higher in the observation group, with 80% of patients reporting satisfaction as opposed to 20% in the control group (p &lt; 0.05). The distribution of pathogenic bacteria in SSIs predominantly included Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Proactive perioperative nursing interventions demonstrate considerable benefits in improving wound healing, reducing surgical site infection rates and enhancing patient satisfaction in elective open abdominal surgery settings. However, these results require validation through large‐scale trials.