Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Implementation Research Articles

Enhanced recovery program in ambulatory pediatric urology: A quality improvement initiative

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) was established in 2001 for adult patients undergoing complex procedures. ERAS in adult ambulatory surgery later followed with similar positive outcomes. For the pediatric population, ERAS implementation has shown promising results in complex surgeries such as bladder reconstruction. Its application in pediatric ambulatory surgery has only recently been reported. We hereby report a Quality Improvement initiative in implementing an Enhanced Recovery Protocol (ERP) for pediatric urology in an ambulatory surgery center. A project was launched to evaluate and implement enhanced recovery elements into an institutional Enhanced Recovery Protocol (ERP). These included reliance on peripheral nerve blocks for all inguinal and genital cases and reduction of opioids intraoperatively and postoperatively. Improvements were placed into a project plan broken into one preparation phase to collect baseline data and three implementation phases to enhance existing and implement new elements. The implementation phase went through iterative Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles for all sub-projects. Team countermeasures were based on available evidence. A consensus process was used to resolve disagreement. Monthly meetings were held to share real-time data, gather new feedback, and modify plans as needed. The primary outcome measures selected were percent intraoperative opioid use, percent opioid prescribing, mean PACU length of stay, and average number of opioid doses prescribed. Secondary outcome measures were mean maximum pain score in PACU, PACU rescue rate for PONV, and patient/family satisfaction scores. Post-implementation data for 18 months was included for evaluation. Statistical process control methodology was used. The total number of participants was 3306: 561 (baseline), 220 (Phase 1) 356 (Phase 2) and 527 (Phase 3), 1642 (post-implementation). Intraoperative opioid use was eliminated in >99% of cases. Post-operative opioid prescribing was reduced from 30% to 15% of patients. The number of opioid doses was also reduced from an average of 7.6 to 6.1 doses. There was no change for the mean maximum pain score in the recovery room despite elimination of opioids. Patient/family satisfaction scores were high and sustained throughout the period of study (9.8/10). Balancing measures such as return to the operating room within 30 days and return to the emergency department within 7 days were unchanged. This QI project demonstrated the feasibility of a pediatric enhanced recovery protocol in a urology ambulatory surgery setting. With implementation of this protocol, intraoperative opioid use was virtually eliminated, and opioid prescribing was reduced without affecting pain scores or post-operative complications.

From morbidity reduction to cost-effectiveness: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) society recommendations in minimal invasive liver surgery

PurposeMinimal-invasive liver surgery (MILS) reduces surgical trauma and is associated with fewer postoperative complications. To amplify these benefits, perioperative multimodal concepts like Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS), can play a crucial role. We aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness for MILS in an ERAS program, considering the necessary additional workforce and associated expenses.MethodsA prospective observational study comparing surgical approach in patients within an ERAS program compared to standard care from 2018—2022 at the Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin. Cost data were provided by the medical controlling office. ERAS items were applied according to the ERAS society recommendations.Results537 patients underwent liver surgery (46% laparoscopic, 26% robotic assisted, 28% open surgery) and 487 were managed by the ERAS protocol. Implementation of ERAS reduced overall postoperative complications in the MILS group (18% vs. 32%, p = 0.048). Complications greater than Clavien-Dindo grade II incurred the highest costs (€ 31,093) compared to minor (€ 17,510) and no complications (€13,893; p < 0.001). In the event of major complications, profit margins were reduced by a median of € 6,640.ConclusionsEmbracing the ERAS society recommendations in liver surgery leads to a significant reduction of complications. This outcome justifies the higher cost associated with a well-structured ERAS protocol, as it effectively offsets the expenses of complications.

Enhanced recovery after surgery program focusing on chest tube management improves surgical recovery after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery

ObjectiveChest drainage is a standard procedure in thoracoscopic surgery for lung cancer. However, chest tube placement may deteriorate the ventilation capacity and increase difficulty of postoperative management of patients. The study investigated on the effects of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program focusing on chest tube management on surgical recovery of lung cancer patients.MethodsThe study population consisted of 60 patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) after implementation of ERAS program and another group of 60 patients undergoing VATS before implementation of ERAS program.ResultsThe mean time of first food intake was 12.9 h required for the ERAS group, which was significantly shorter than 18.4 h required for the control group (p < 0.0001). The mean time of out-of-bed activity was 14.2 h taken for the ERAS group, which was notably shorter than 22.8 h taken for the control group (p < 0.0001). The duration of chest tube placement was 68.6 h in the ERAS group, which was remarkably shorter than 92.8 h in the control group (p < 0.0001). The rate overall postoperative complications were notably lower in the ERAS group than in the control group (p = 0.018). The visual analogue score (VAS) scores on the second postoperative day exhibited significant differences between the ERAS group and the control group (p = 0.017). The patients in the ERAS group had a shorter hospitalization stay than those in the control group (p < 0.0001).ConclusionThe study suggests the ERAS program focusing on chest tube management could improve surgical recovery, remove patient chest tube earlier, and relieve patient pain after VATS.

Can ERAS help reduce health disparities and overcome barriers to equitable surgical care in marginalized communities?

Health inequities persist in surgical outcomes between different races and ethnicities. Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) protocols are innovative perioperative management strategies that have improved outcomes and reduced costs of delivering care. Quality improvement tools embedded in the protocols allow for sequential improvements in compliance and outcomes. Standardization of perioperative care may reduce healthcare inequities and improve outcomes in marginalized communities. In this review, we describe the benefits of ERAS in surgical outcomes, discuss how implementation of ERAS could potentially reduce health disparities in pediatric surgical patients, demonstrate the barriers present in ERAS implementation, propose solutions to these implementation barriers (Table 1).

Successful Implementation of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) in Paediatric Cardiac Surgery in Australia

Fast-track or enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is a care pathway for surgical patients based on a multidisciplinary team approach aimed at optimising recovery without increasing risk with protocols based on scientific evidence, which is monitored continuously to ensure compliance and improvement. These protocols have been shown to reduce the duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS) following paediatric cardiac surgery. We present the first structured implementation of ERAS in paediatric cardiac surgery in Australia. All patients enrolled in the ERAS pathway between October 2019 and July 2023 were identified. Demographic and perioperative data were collected retrospectively from hospital records for patients operated before June 2021 and prospectively from June 2021. A control group (non-ERAS) was identified using propensity matching from patients who underwent similar procedures and were not enrolled in the ERAS pathway (prior to October 2019). Patients were matched for age, weight, and comprehensive Aristotle score. Outcomes of interest were duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation, ICU LOS, readmission to the ICU, hospital LOS, cardiac reintervention rate, postoperative complication rate, and number of 30-day readmissions. Of 1,084 patients who underwent cardiac surgery during the study period (October 2019-July 2023), 121 patients (11.2%) followed the ERAS pathway. The median age at the time of surgery was 4.8 years (interquartile range [IQR] 2.8-8.8 years). The most common procedure was the closure of atrial septal defect (n=58, 47.9%). The median cardiopulmonary bypass and cross-clamp times were 40 min (IQR 28-53.5 minutes) and 24.5 min (IQR 13-34 minutes) respectively. The majority were extubated in the operating theatre (n=108, 89.3%). The median ICU and hospital LOS were 4.5 hrs (IQR 4.1-5.6 hours) and 4 days (IQR 4-5 days) respectively. None of the patients required readmission to the ICU within 24 hrs of discharge from the ICU. Three (3) patients (2.5%) required reintervention. When compared with the non-ERAS group, the duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation, ICU and hospital LOS were significantly lower in the ERAS group. There was no significant difference in the ICU readmission rate, reintervention rate, complication rate, and number of 30-day readmissions between both groups. ERAS after paediatric cardiac surgery is feasible and safe in select patients with low preoperative risk. This pathway reduces the duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation, ICU and hospital LOS without increasing risks, enabling the optimisation of resources.

Improved Postoperative Pain Management Outcomes After Implementation of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Protocol for Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC).

Cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC) for patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis is promising but has potential for significant morbidity and prolonged hospitalization. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) is a standardized protocol designed to optimize perioperative care. This study describes trends in epidural and opioid use after implementing ERAS for CRS-HIPEC at a tertiary academic center. A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing CRS-HIPEC from January 2020 to September 2023 was conducted. ERAS was implemented in February 2022. Medication and outcomes data were compared before and after ERAS initiation. All opioids were converted to morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs). A total of 136 patients underwent CRS-HIPEC: 73 (54%) pre- and 63 (46%) post-ERAS. Epidural usage increased from 63% pre-ERAS to 87% post-ERAS (p = 0.001). Compared with those without epidurals, patients with epidurals had decreased total 7-day oral and intravenous (IV) opioid requirements (45 MME vs. 316 MME; p < 0.001). There was no difference in 7-day opioid totals between pre- and post-ERAS groups. After ERAS, more patients achieved early ambulation (83% vs. 53%; p < 0.001), early diet initiation (81% vs. 25%; p < 0.001), and early return of bowel function (86% vs. 67%; p = 0.012). ERAS implementation for CRS-HIPEC was associated with increased epidural use, decreased oral and IV opioid use, and earlier bowel function return. Our study demonstrates that epidural analgesia provides adequate pain control while significantly decreasing oral and IV opioid use, which may promote gastrointestinal recovery postoperatively. These findings support the implementation of an ERAS protocol for effective pain management in patients undergoing CRS-HIPEC.

Transforming Outcomes of Spine Surgery-Exploring the Power of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocol: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of 15 198 Patients.

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols aim to optimize patient outcomes by reducing the surgical stress response, expediting recovery, and reducing care costs. We aimed to evaluate the impact of implementing ERAS protocols on the perioperative surgical outcomes and financial implications associated with spine surgeries. A systematic review and meta-analysis of peer-reviewed studies directly comparing outcome differences between spine surgeries performed with and without utilization of ERAS pathways was conducted along Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Of 676 unique articles identified, 59 with 15 198 aggregate patients (7748 ERAS; 7450 non-ERAS) were included. ERAS-treated patients had shorter operative times (mean difference [MD]: 10.2 mins; P < .01), shorter hospitalizations (MD: 1.41 days, P < .01), fewer perioperative complications (relative risk [RR] = 0.64, P < .01), lower postoperative opioid use (MD of morphine equivalent dose: 164.36 mg; P < .01), and more rapid mobilization/time to first out-of-bed ambulation (MD: 0.92 days; P < .01). Spine surgeries employing ERAS were also associated with lower total costs (MD: $1140.26/patient; P < .01), especially in the United States (MD: $2869.11/patient, P < .01) and lower postoperative visual analog pain scores (MD = 0.56, P < .01), without any change in odds of 30-day readmission (RR: 0.80, P = .13) or reoperation (RR: 0.88, P = .60). Subanalyses based on the region of spine showed significantly lower length of stay in both cervical and lumbar surgeries implementing ERAS. Type of procedure showed a significantly lesser time-to-initiate mobilization in fusion surgeries using ERAS protocols compared with decompression. The present meta-analysis indicates that current literature supports ERAS implementation as a means of reducing care costs and safely accelerating hospital discharge for patients undergoing spine surgery.

Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) Implementation and Barriers among Healthcare Providers in France: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The implementation of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) is a challenge for healthcare systems, especially in case of patients undergoing major surgery. Despite a proven significant reduction in postoperative complications and hospital lengths of stay, ERAS protocols are inconsistently used in real-world practice, and barriers have been poorly described in a cohort comprising medical and paramedical professionals. This study aims to assess the proportion of French healthcare providers who practiced ERAS and to identify barriers to its implementation amongst those surveyed. We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study to survey healthcare providers about their practice of ERAS using an online questionnaire. Healthcare providers were contacted through hospital requests, private hospital group requests, professional corporation requests, social networks, and personal contacts. The questionnaire was also designed to explore barriers to ERAS implementation. Identified barriers were allocated by two independent assessors to one of the fourteen domains of the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), which is an integrative framework based on behavior change theories that can be used to identify issues relating to evidence on the implementation of best practice in healthcare settings. One hundred and fifty-three French healthcare providers answered the online questionnaire (76% female, median age 35 years (IQR: 29 to 48)). Physiotherapists, nurses, and dieticians were the most represented professions (31.4%, 24.2%, and, 14.4%, respectively). Amongst those surveyed, thirty-one practiced ERAS (20.3%, 95%CI: 13.9 to 26.63). Major barriers to ERAS practice were related to the "Environmental context and resources" domain (57.6%, 95%CI: 49.5-65.4), e.g., lack of professionals, funding, and coordination, and the "Knowledge" domain (52.8%, 95%CI: 44.7-60.8), e.g., ERAS unawareness. ERAS in major surgery is seldom practiced in France due to the unfavorable environment (i.e., logistics issues, and lack of professionals and funding) and a low rate of procedure awareness. Future studies should focus on devising and assessing strategies (e.g., education and training, collaboration, institutional support, the development of healthcare networks, and leveraging telehealth and technology) to overcome these barriers, thereby promoting the wider implementation of ERAS.

Postoperative fluid therapy in enhanced recovery after surgery for pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Optimal intravenous fluid management during the perioperative period for patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) within the framework of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is unclear. Studies have indicated that excessive total body salt and water can contribute to the development of oedema, leading to increased morbidity and extended hospital stays. This study aimed to assess the effects of an intravenous therapy regimen during postoperative day (POD) 0 to 2 in PD patients within ERAS. A retrospective interventional cohort study was conducted, and it involved all PD patients before and after implementation of ERAS (2009-2017). In the ERAS group, a targeted maintenance fluid regimen of 20 mL/kg/day with a sodium requirement of 0.5 mmoL/kg/day was administered. Outcome measures included the mmol of sodium and chloride administered, length of stay, and morbidity (postoperative pancreatic fistula, POPF; acute kidney injury, AKI; ileus). The study included 169 patients, with a mean age of 64 ± 11.3 years. Following implementation of the intravenous fluid therapy protocol, there was a significant reduction in chloride and sodium loading. However, in the multivariable analysis, chloride administered (mmoL/kg) did not independently influence the length of stay; or rates of POPF, ileus, or AKI (p > 0.05). The findings suggested that a postoperative intravenous fluid therapy regimen did not significantly impact morbidity. Notably, there was a trend towards reduced length of stay within an increasingly comorbid patient cohort. This targeted fluid regimen appears to be safe for PD patients within the ERAS program. Further prospective research is needed to explore this area.

Lessons following implementation of a colorectal enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol in a rural hospital setting.

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs have become increasingly popular in the management of patients undergoing colorectal resection. However, the validity of ERAS in rural hospital settings without intensive care facilities has not been primarily evaluated. This study aimed to assess an ERAS protocol in a rural surgical department based in Invercargill New Zealand. Ten years of prospectively collected data were analysed retrospectively from an ERAS database of all patients undergoing open, converted, or laparoscopic colorectal resections. Data were collected between two time periods: before the implementation of an ERAS protocol, from January 2011 to December 2013; as well as after the implementation of an ERAS protocol, from January 2014 to December 2020. The primary outcome measures were hospital length of stay (LOS) and LOS in the critical care unit (LOS-CCU). Secondary outcomes were compliance with ERAS protocol, mortality, readmission, and reoperation rates. A total of 118 and 558 colorectal resections were performed in the pre-ERAS and ERAS groups respectively. A statistically significant reduction in hospital LOS was achieved from a median of 8 to 7 days (P = 0.038) when comparing pre-ERAS to ERAS groups respectively. Furthermore, a significant reduction in re-operation rates was observed (7.6% vs. 3% in the ERAS group, P = 0.033) which was seen without a rise in readmission rates (13.6% vs. 13.6% in the ERAS group). The implementation of ERAS in a rural surgical setting is feasible, and these initial findings suggest ERAS adds value in optimizing the colorectal patient's surgical journey.

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Approach: A Medical Complex Experience.

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is a multimodal, multidisciplinary approach aimed at reducing organ failure and mitigating stress reactions in surgery patients. This investigation sought to assess available data concerning the benefits of ERAS protocols in improving patient outcomes for individuals undergoing significant colorectal surgery. The study involved 65 patients who underwent colectomy and lower anterior resection for rectal cancers. Patients were divided into three groups: Group 1 comprised 22 patients enrolled retrospectively who received the traditional protocol; Group 2 consisted of 20 patients enrolled prospectively who received the ERAS protocol; and Group 3 included 23 patients enrolled retrospectively who received the ERAS protocol. Each patient underwent a comprehensive history, physical examination, laboratory testing, computed tomography, MRI, and chest radiography. Hospital stay durations were significantly shorter in both ERAS groups during the first and second cycles compared to the non-ERAS group (P<0.001, <0.001), with no significant difference between ERAS groups in either cycle. Delayed intestinal motility was significantly more pronounced in the non-ERAS group compared to ERAS groups in both cycles (P=0.005), with only five (22.7%) cases reported in the non-ERAS group. ERAS implementation in the perioperative management of colorectal surgery patients is associated with improved outcomes and shorter recovery times. Implementation of ERAS in hospitals is feasible and beneficial.

Patient and Provider Experiences With a Digital App to Improve Compliance With Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Protocols: Mixed Methods Evaluation of a Canadian Experience.

Of all the care provided in health care systems, major surgical interventions are the costliest and can carry significant risks. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) is a bundle of interventions that help improve patient outcomes and experience along their surgical journey. However, given that patients can be overwhelmed by the multiple tasks that they are expected to follow, a digital application, the ERAS app, was developed to help improve the implementation of ERAS. The objective of this work was to conduct a thorough assessment of patient and provider experiences using the ERAS app. Patients undergoing colorectal or gynecological oncology surgery at 2 different hospitals in the province of Alberta, Canada, were invited to use the ERAS app and report on their experiences using it. Likewise, care providers were recruited to participate in this study to provide feedback on the performance of this app. Data were collected by an online survey and using qualitative interviews with participants. NVivo was used to analyze qualitative interview data, while quantitative data were analyzed using Excel and SPSS. Overall, patients found the app to be helpful in preparation for and recovery after surgery. Patients reported having access to reliable unbiased information regarding their surgery, and the app provided them with clarity of actions needed along their surgical journey and enhanced the self-management of their care. Clinicians found that the ERAS app was easy to navigate, was simple for older adults, and has the potential to decrease unnecessary visits and phone calls to care providers. Overall, this proof-of-concept study on the use of a digital health app to accompany patients during their health care journey has shown positive results. This is an important finding considering the massive investment and interest in promoting digital health in health care systems around the world.

The time is right to implement Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) broadly across pediatric surgery

ERAS is a global surgical quality improvement program that has demonstrated benefit across numerous surgical disciplines in terms of both clinical outcome improvements for patients and cost savings for the healthcare system. Successful implementation of ERAS is contingent on a well-functioning multidisciplinary team that uses audit to iterate towards increased ERAS protocol compliance. Although pediatric surgery was slow initially to adopt ERAS, there have been several important developments over the last 5 years including publication of the first ERAS® Society guideline in neonatal intestinal surgery and formation of the Pediatric ERAS® Society. The time is right to implement ERAS broadly across pediatric surgery.

Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Protocol Decreases Length of Stay and Postoperative Narcotic Use in Microvascular Breast Reconstruction

Background: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols have demonstrated efficacy following microvascular breast reconstruction. This study assesses the impact of an ERAS protocol following microvascular breast reconstruction at a high-volume center. Methods: The ERAS protocol introduced preoperative counseling, multimodal analgesia, early diet resumption, and early mobilization to our microvascular breast reconstruction procedures. Data, including length of stay, body mass index, inpatient narcotic use, outpatient narcotic prescriptions, inpatient pain scores, and complications, were prospectively collected for all patients undergoing microvascular breast reconstruction between April 2019 and July 2021. Traditional pathway patients who underwent reconstruction immediately before ERAS implementation were retrospectively reviewed as controls. Results: The study included 200 patients, 99 in traditional versus 101 in ERAS. Groups were similar in body mass index, age (median age: traditional, 54.0 versus ERAS, 50.0) and bilateral reconstruction rates (59.6% versus 61.4%). ERAS patients had significantly shorter lengths of stay, with 96.0% being discharged by postoperative day (POD) 3, and 88.9% of the traditional cohort were discharged on POD 4 (P &lt; 0.0001). Inpatient milligram morphine equivalents (MMEs) were smaller by 54.3% in the ERAS cohort (median MME: 154.2 versus 70.4, P &lt; 0.0001). Additionally, ERAS patients were prescribed significantly fewer narcotics upon discharge (median MME: 337.5 versus 150.0, P &lt; 0.0001). ERAS had a lower pain average on POD 0–3; however, this finding was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Implementing an ERAS protocol at a high-volume microvascular breast reconstruction center reduced length of stay and postoperative narcotic usage, without increasing pain or perioperative complications.

Feasibility of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) implementation in Pediatric Urology: Pilot-phase outcomes of a prospective, multi-center study

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) is a fundamental shift in perioperative care that has consistently demonstrated an improved outcome for a wide variety of surgeries in adults but has only limited evidence in the pediatric population. We aimed to assess the success with and barriers to implementation of ERAS in a prospective, multi-center study on patients undergoing complex lower urinary tract reconstruction. Centers were directed to implement an ERAS protocol using a multidisciplinary team and quality improvement methodologies. Providers completed pre- and post-pilot surveys. An audit committee met after enrolling the first 5 patients at each center. Pilot-phase outcomes included enrollment of ≥2 patients in the first 6 months of enrollment, completion of 90 days of follow-up, identification of barriers to implementation, and protocol adherence. A total of 40 patients were enrolled across 8 centers. The median age at surgery was 10.3 years (IQR 6.4-12.5). Sixty five percent had a diagnosis of myelomeningocele, and 33% had a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. A bladder augmentation was performed in 70%, Mitrofanoff appendicovesicostomy in 52%, Monti ileovesicostomy in 15%, and antegrade continence enema channel in 38%. The most commonly perceived barriers to implementation on the pre-pilot survey were "difficulty initiating and maintaining compliance with care pathway" in 51% followed by a "lack of time, money, or clinical resources" in 36%. The pre-pilot study experience, implementation, and pilot-phase outcomes are provided in the Table. All primary and secondary outcomes were achieved. The findings of the present study were similar to several small comparative studies with regard to the importance of a multidisciplinary team, strong leadership, and continuous audit for successful implementation of ERAS. Similar barriers were also encountered to other studies, which primarily related to a lack of administrative support, leadership, and buy-in from other services. The limitations of the present study included a relatively small heterogeneous cohort and absence of a comparative group, which will be addressed in the larger exploratory phase of the trial. The findings may also not be generaziable due to the need for sustainable processes that were unique to each center as well as an absence of adequate volume or resources at smaller centers. ERAS was successfully implemented for complex lower urinary tract reconstruction across 8 centers through a multidisciplinary team, structured approach based on the local context, and focus on a continuous audit.

Enhanced recovery after brain tumor surgery: pilot protocol implementation in a large healthcare system.

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols have been used in numerous specialties to improve the safety, efficiency, and cost of surgical interventions. Despite these successes, implementation of ERAS in cranial neurosurgery remains limited. In this study, a comprehensive ERAS protocol was implemented at two pilot sites within the Providence Health & Services system, and groundwork was laid for systemwide adoption. An enhanced recovery protocol was developed and implemented through an interdisciplinary team of clinicians, executive leadership, and clinical informatics professionals across preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative domains. Outcomes including length of stay, discharge destination, and cost were collected through systemwide databases and compared with nonprotocolized sites. During the study period, both pilot sites became top performers across the regional system in all evaluated metrics. The median length of stay for elective craniotomy at site 1 was reduced to 1.25 days, with a home discharge rate of > 90%. The cost per case at the pilot sites was nearly $7000 less on average than that of the nonprotocolized sites. Implementation of enhanced recovery protocols for brain tumor surgery is feasible and effective, resulting in marked improvements in healthcare efficiency. Future studies, including implementation of the current protocol across the entire Providence system, are needed to maximize the potential benefits of enhanced recovery programs.

The iterative implementation of a comprehensive enhanced recovery after surgery protocol in all spinal surgery in Korea: a comparative analysis of clinical outcomes and medical costs between primary spinal tumors and degenerative spinal diseases.

Most studies on the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol in spine surgery have focused on patients with degenerative spinal diseases (DSDs), resulting in a lack of evidence for a comprehensive ERAS protocol applicable to patients with primary spine tumors (PSTs) and other spinal diseases. The authors had developed and gradually adopted components of the comprehensive ERAS protocol for all spine surgical procedures from 2003 to 2011, and then the current ERAS protocol was fully implemented in 2012. This study aimed to evaluate the impact and the applicability of the comprehensive ERAS protocol across all spine surgical procedures and to compare outcomes between the PST and DSD groups. Adult spine surgical procedures were conducted from 2003 to 2021 at the Seoul National University Hospital Spine Center and data were retrospectively reviewed. The author divided the study periods into the developing ERAS (2003-2011) and post-current ERAS (2012-2021) periods, and outcomes were compared between the two periods. Surgical procedures for metastatic cancer, infection, and trauma were excluded. Interrupted time series analysis (ITSA) was used to assess the impact of the ERAS protocol on medical costs and clinical outcomes, including length of stay (LOS) and rates of 30-day readmission, reoperation, and surgical site infection (SSI). Subgroup analyses were conducted on the PST and DSD groups in terms of LOS and medical costs. The study included 7143 surgical procedures, comprising 1494 for PSTs, 5340 for DSDs, and 309 for other spinal diseases. After ERAS protocol implementation, spine surgical procedures showed significant reductions in LOS and medical costs by 22% (p = 0.008) and 22% (p < 0.001), respectively. The DSD group demonstrated a 16% (p < 0.001) reduction in LOS, whereas the PST group achieved a 28% (p < 0.001) reduction, noting a more pronounced LOS reduction in PST surgical procedures (p = 0.003). Medical costs decreased by 23% (p < 0.001) in the DSD group and 12% (p = 0.054) in the PST group, with a larger cost reduction for DSD surgical procedures (p = 0.021). No statistically significant differences were found in the rates of 30-day readmission, reoperation, and SSI between the developing and post-current ERAS implementation periods (p = 0.65, p = 0.59, and p = 0.52, respectively). Comprehensive ERAS protocol implementation significantly reduced LOS and medical costs in all spine surgical procedures, while maintaining comparable 30-day readmission, reoperation, and SSI rates. These findings suggest that the ERAS protocol is equally applicable to all spine surgical procedures, with a more pronounced effect on reducing LOS in the PST group and on reducing medical costs in the DSD group.

Implementation and achievements of enhanced recovery after surgery program in perioperative management of gastric cancer patients†

Abstract Objective The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program is less implemented in gastric cancer patients. The purpose of this survey is to investigate the implementation status of ERAS in perioperative period in gastric cancer. Methods This clinical observational study enrolled 329 patients between January 2020 and August 2020 in a single gastric cancer center. The questionnaire consisted of 4 parts: basic information, preoperative status, intraoperative status, and postoperative status of ERAS implementation in gastric cancer surgery. Results In the preoperative period, patients’ education and counseling (100%) were well adopted. Smoking cessation (34.6%), drinking cessation (36.9%), avoidance of preoperative mechanical bowel preparation (24.3%), respiratory function training (11.2%), and administration of carbohydrate-rich drink before surgery (0.6%) were relatively not well adopted. During the operation, maintenance of intraoperative normothermia and fluid management (100%), as well as epidural analgesia (81.5%), were well adopted. Thromboprophylaxis was performed in 133 (40.4%) patients. In the postoperative period, early active mobilization was implemented about 9.5 h, and early ambulation was implemented about 39.5 h, after surgery. A total of 140 (42.5%) patients received prolonged prophylactic antibiotics; 268 (81.5%) patients were provided diet upon gas passage; and 320 (97.3%) patients received intravenous fluid administration more than 5 d after surgery. The practice rate of early removal of urinary catheter (0%) and nasogastric tube (15.5%) was relatively low. A total of 11 (3.3%) patients experienced postoperative complication, and 1 (0.3%) patient received unplanned reoperation. The average costs were ¥59,500, and the average hospital stay was 12 (5, 36) d. Conclusions Standard perioperative management of ERAS program in gastric cancer surgery in China still requires improvement.

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery and Perioperative Laryngectomy Outcomes.

Patients undergoing laryngectomy are particularly vulnerable to postoperative complications secondary to social and nutritional barriers, substance abuse, and prior cancer treatment. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) programs may mitigate this vulnerability and improve postoperative complications and oncologic outcomes. The objective of this study is to evaluate the postoperative complication rate and oncologic outcomes of patients undergoing laryngectomy before and after ERAS program implementation. A historic cohort of 50 patients who underwent laryngectomy at the Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina from 2014 to 2019 (pre-ERAS) was compared to 33 patients who underwent laryngectomy after ERAS implementation from 2019 to 2020. The primary outcomes included length of stay (LOS), Clavien-Dindo postoperative complications through 30 days following discharge, overall survival (OS), and recurrence-free survival between pre-ERAS and ERAS groups. Demographic characteristics between the two groups were similar. ERAS pathway implementation led to core care element consistency and improvement in the clinical perioperative course, including preoperative nutritional intervention (p = 0.009), postoperative ventilator independence (p = 0.0004), and refractory nausea/emesis (p = 0.18). Severe (≥ grade 3) complications (p = 0.49) and LOS (p = 0.68) were similar between groups. No significant difference in Cox proportional modeling of OS (p = 0.60) or recurrence-free survival (p = 0.17) was noted. ERAS did not improve LOS, major postoperative complications, or oncologic outcomes in this cohort of patients who underwent laryngectomy. However, ERAS positively influenced secondary endpoints within the laryngectomy perioperative course, conferring qualitative health care benefits. 3 Laryngoscope, 134:2262-2268, 2024.

Implementation of an Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Pathway for Transgender and Gender-Diverse Individuals Undergoing Chest Reconstruction Surgery: An Observational Cohort Study.

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols are associated with improved clinical outcomes in cisgender breast surgery patients. However, a paucity of research exists regarding transgender and gender-diverse individuals (TGD) in the ERAS framework. The primary objective of this observational cohort study is to describe the implementation of a gender-affirming ERAS protocol and its relationship to hospital length of stay (LOS) in TGD patients following chest reconstruction surgery. The secondary aim is to identify intraoperative predictors of LOS and define variables associated with adverse outcomes. We identified 362 patients in three epochs: a traditional group (n = 144), a partial ERAS implementation group (n = 92), and an ERAS group (n = 126). Exploratory multivariable median regression modeling was performed to identify independent predictors of LOS. We report that the traditional group's median hospital LOS was 1.1 days compared to 0.3 days in the ERAS group. Intraoperative tranexamic acid administration was associated with significantly shorter LOS (p < 0.001), reduced postoperative drainage (p < 0.001), and fewer returns to the operating room within 24 h (p = 0.047). Our data suggest that implementing a multimodal ERAS gender-affirming pathway was associated with improved patient-centered surgical outcomes such as decreased return to the operating room for hematoma evacuation, higher rates of discharge home, and reduced postoperative drainage output.