This paper reports the study of hydrothermally synthesized coconut charcoal (EDL material) and vanadium-oxide (pseudocapacitive material) based composite material. SEM and TEM studies reveal the formation of embedded V2O5 nanorods (NRs) in the presence of activated charcoal (AC). Whereas, the formation of nanosheet (NSs) morphology of V2O5 was explained based on Ostwald ripening. Embedded V2O5 nanorods (NRs) in AC could be revealed in the form of the blurred dotted electron diffraction pattern of CS-AC/V2O5 NRs, indicating the presence of crystalline and amorphous phases at a point simultaneously in the composite. The VO, O–V‒O signatures observed in RAMAN and FTIR studies indicate the presence of the α phase of V2O5 NSs and NRs. An enhanced diffusion coefficient for CS-AC/V2O5 NRs compared to V2O5 NSs was observed; a decreased total resistance for CS-AC/V2O5 NRs compared to CS-AC was also noted. A characteristic of stable specific capacitance was observed at various current levels of this composite compared to the specific capacitances of coconut shell-based charcoal and vanadium oxide.