Enhanced Corrosion Inhibition Research Articles

Review of nano-based smart coatings for corrosion mitigation: mechanisms, performance, and future prospects.

In response to environmental concerns about toxic corrosion inhibitors, nanomaterials have gained attention for their enhanced corrosion inhibition properties due to their high surface-to-volume ratio. This paper summarizes advancements in utilizing nanomaterials to control corrosion, exploring various preparation methods and effectiveness as inhibitors. Nano-based intelligent coatings have emerged as promising solutions, with this review examining their corrosion inhibition mechanisms, performance attributes, and future prospects. By combining nanomaterials with traditional inhibitors, synergistic effects can be achieved. Performance assessment extends to real-world scenarios, considering factors like adhesion, durability, and practical implementation across industries. Future trends include integrating real-time monitoring abilities and using environmentally conscious nanomaterials for sustainable corrosion control.

Solution‐Processed Nanocoating of Ca2Nb3O10 and Polydopamine for Anticorrosion on Magnesium Alloy

2D materials have exhibited great potential for applications in anticorrosion nanocoatings. However, the nanocoating of prefocused graphene shows “corrosion‐promoting activity” due to its high conductivity. Metal oxide nanosheets obtained by delaminating layered oxides have been another attractive candidate. This study demonstrates a water‐based Ca2Nb3O10 (CNO) ink spray coated on magnesium alloys to form a continuous coating without complex functionalization and structural control. The composite coating of Ca2Nb3O10 (CNO) and polydopamine (PDA) is fabricated by combining spray‐ and dip‐coating methods. The surface composition and microstructure of the as‐prepared coatings are characterized by X‐ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy‐dispersive spectrometry. The anticorrosion performance of the composite coating is evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and salt spray tests. The electrochemical results show that the CNO/PDA heterostructure coating provides an enhanced corrosion inhibition efficiency (99.62%) with a corrosion current density of 5.49 × 10−7 A cm−2, three orders of magnitude lower than bare AZ31. The immersion tests before and after heat treatment and salt spray tests indicate that the composite coating has good stability and long‐term anticorrosion performance. Solution‐processed nanocoating and extensible materials design provide a green and facile route to anticorrosion nanotechnology for industrial demands.

Enhanced Corrosion Inhibition of Q235 Steel by N,S Co-Doped Carbon Dots: A Sustainable Approach for Industrial Pickling Corrosion Inhibitors.

A high yield of environmentally friendly N,S-codoped (N,S-CDs) and N-doping carbon points (N-CDs) carbon dots was achieved through a biochemical oxidation reaction at room temperature in this study. Acetaldehyde, sodium hydroxide, benzotriazole (BTA), and 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (MB) with a similar structure were used as raw materials. The microstructure and properties of the corrosion inhibitor for Q235 steel were evaluated by various experiments. The results demonstrated enhanced corrosion inhibition rates of the N,S-CDs compared to the N-CDs using electrochemical tests (93.83% vs 77.65%) and weight loss experiments (96.35% vs 91.65%) at 50 mg/L, respectively, compared to the blank material, indicating that N,S codoping can significantly improve the corrosion inhibition effect of carbon dots. The significant improvements were attributed to the formation of dense adsorption films and the hydrophobic properties of N and S-CDs nanoparticles on the steel surface, leading to an effective barrier against corrosion. The findings from this study provide important experimental data for potential industrial applications and hold important practical value in the field of pickling corrosion inhibitors.

PH‐Responsive Chitosan Microspheres Loaded with Gemini Imidazolium‐Based Ionic Liquids as Smart Corrosion Inhibitors for N80 Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Solution

Chitosan microspheres (CSM) loaded with synthesized Gemini imidazolium‐based ionic liquids ([C2(Bim)2]Cl2@CSM and [C6(Bim)2]Br2@CSM) are constructed as smart corrosion inhibitors to protect N80 steel in hydrochloric acid solution. The optimal inhibition efficiency of [C2(Bim)2]Cl2 and [C6(Bim)2]Br2 at 300 mg L−1 reaches 94.68% and 95.96%, respectively, indicating mixed‐type inhibition behavior. On this basis, the prepared [C2(Bim)2]Cl2@CSM and [C6(Bim)2]Br2@CSM can proactively identify corrosive environments and protect the metal. The microspheres are pH‐responsive owing to the presence of Schiff‐base C═N bonds and the loaded inhibitors can be released rapidly in acidic environment. Released inhibitors are delivered to corroded sites and synergistically interact with decomposed microspheres for enhanced corrosion inhibition effect.

Enhanced Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in HCl Solution by Novel Anthraquinone Derivative: Comprehensive Experimental and Theoretical Investigations

Enhanced Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in HCl Solution by Novel Anthraquinone Derivative: Comprehensive Experimental and Theoretical Investigations

Enhanced corrosion inhibition effect of sodium tartrate on copper in potable water

In this study we have reported sodium tartrate (ST) and Zn2+ as the potential mixed corrosion inhibitors for copper corrosion in drinking water, by using electrochemical impedance and polarization techniques. The results of potentio-dynamic polarization indicated that sodium tartrate could be used as mixed type inhibitor with Zn2+. ST was found to be 92% effective for slowing down both the anodic and cathodic reaction rates. It was additionally found that ST could coat the surface of copper to prevent it from conducting electricity. As the inhibitor concentration increased, the stability of the formed protective layer was also improved. The results obtained from studies like SEM, EDAX, AFM, and water contact angle clearly indicated the development of a barrier by inducing the lotus effect on copper surface. The water contact angle measurement results suggested that the coating formed in the presence of inhibitor was superhydrophobic, and the surface was homogeneous.

Nano-Modified Epoxy Coatings for Enhanced Corrosion Inhibition in Reinforcing Bars

Nano-Modified Epoxy Coatings for Enhanced Corrosion Inhibition in Reinforcing Bars

N-doped and N, Si-doped carbon dots for enhanced corrosion inhibition of mild steel in acidic environment

N-doped and N, Si-doped carbon dots for enhanced corrosion inhibition of mild steel in acidic environment

Enhanced corrosion inhibition of copper in acidic environment by cathodic control of interface formation with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole

Electrochemistry along with advanced surface analyzes (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry) were implemented to investigate copper corrosion inhibition by 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (2-MBT) in hydrochloric aqueous solution and the effects of electrochemical control on the formation of the inhibiting interface. It is shown that reducing the native surface oxide by cathodic reduction prior to exposure to the inhibitor drastically decreases the rate of anodic dissolution. Additionally, increasing the exposure time of the metal surface to the inhibitor results in even better protection against dissolution. 2-MBT adsorbs as multilayers and bonds to both metallic copper and residual copper oxide islands via its sulphur atoms. Partial dissociation of the molecule, releasing the exocyclic sulphur, which then bonds to metallic Cu, is observed. Further dissociation of the molecule, releasing the endocyclic sulphur, is induced by anodic polarization, forming defects in the organic layer and thus compromising the barrier properties of the organic layer.

Engineering of Graphdiyne-Based Functional Coatings for the Protection of Arbitrary Shapes of Copper Substrates.

Copper-based materials are very important for many application fields from marine industry to energy management and electronic devices. For most of these applications, the copper objects require long-term contact to a wet and salty environment, which leads to serious corrosion of copper. In this work, we report a thin graphdiyne layer directly grown on arbitrary shapes of copper objects at mild conditions, which could function as a protective coating for the copper substrates in artificial seawater with corrosion inhibition efficiency of ∼99.75%. To further improve the protective performance of the coating, the graphdiyne layer is fluorinated and followed by infusion with a fluorine-containing lubricant (i.e., perfluoropolyether). As a result, a slippery surface is obtained, which shows enhanced corrosion inhibition efficiency of ∼99.99% as well as excellent antibiofouling properties against microorganisms, such as protein and algae. Finally, the coatings are successfully applied in the protection of a commercial copper radiator from long-term attack of artificial seawater without disturbing its thermal conductivity. These results demonstrate the great potential of graphdiyne-based functional coatings for the protection of copper devices in aggressive environments.

DFT, NBO, Fukui Functions and Monte Carlo Studies on Quinoline Derivatives for Corrosion Inhibition Property

The corrosion inhibiting property of 4-methylquinoline (4MQ) and 4-aminoquinaldine (4A2MQ) by using various quantum mechanical and molecular mechanics parameters such as EHOMO, ELUMO, energy difference (ΔEgap), electrophilicity, nucleophilicity, chemical hardness, chemical softness, adsorption energy on the metal surface, ability of back donation, electron affinity, chemical potential and dipole moment values are studied. Density functional studies were carried out using B3LYP/6-31g++(d,p), B3LYP/6-31g(d,p) and B3LYP/6-31g(d) basis sets. The outputs of the compounds were compared as well as the characteristics of the Fukui functions used to analyze them. The adsorption energy values were obtained using Monte Carlo simulation techniques. The adsorption energy calculations were carried out by using COMPASS force field and adsorption annealing methods. These calculated values had good agreement with previously reported values of these corrosion inhibitors. Comparing the combined dual descriptor values of 4MQ and 4A2MQ reveal that the latter compound readily undergoes electrophilic attack, leading to the enhanced corrosion inhibition. The efficiency of these corrosion inhibitors compounds by various studies was compared and the result shows that 4A2MQ can be better corrosion inhibitor than 4MQ.

N-doped and Cu,N-doped carbon dots as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel corrosion in acid medium

In the present study, N-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) and Cu,N-doped carbon dots (Cu,N-CDs) with various Cu doping amounts were explored as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel substrate. Material characterizations of synthesized materials were performed using UV-Vis, FTIR and XRD, TEM and XPS techniques. Electrochemical corrosion testing showed enhanced corrosion inhibition performance for Cu,N-CDs relative to N-CDs. The inhibition efficiencies were directly proportional to concentrations of N-CDs and Cu,N-CDs, with more than 97% achieved at 100 ppm of Cu,N-CDs. Gravimetric measurements at temperatures ranging from 40 to 70 ℃ revealed a slight increase in inhibition efficiencies from 99.5 % to 99.7 % for higher Cu doped Cu,N-CDs. Protective nature of N-CDs and Cu,N-CDs was accredited to physicochemical adsorption and inhibitor film formation. In addition, the growth of an electroless like Cu deposit on the mild steel surface contributed to better inhibition performances of Cu,N-CDs. The inhibition mechanism was supported by surface characterization of inhibited steel substrate.

An eco-friendly nitrogen doped carbon coating derived from chitosan macromolecule with enhanced corrosion inhibition on aluminum alloy

Aluminum alloy plates used in proton exchange membrane fuel cells fail to provide long-term stability due to the corrosion. Here, a nitrogen doped carbon film derived from chitosan macromolecule is prepared on Al alloy to improve anti-corrosive ability by spraying and calcining process. Electrochemical tests of the as-prepared carbon film are investigated in a simulated environment of fuel cells (0.5 M H2SO4 + 2 ppm HF). As results, the corrosion potential of the carbon film coated Al alloy shows a positive shift by 157 mV. Its corrosion current density is ~3 orders of magnitude lower than bare Al alloy. Impedance modulus at 0.01 Hz of the coated Al alloy is remarkably improved and it shows a high coating resistance. Furthermore, the carbon film still exhibits a high coverage on the substrate after 50 times peeling off by scotch tape. The high protection efficiency of the carbon film in the acidic condition is attributed to the strong adhesion to the Al alloy and the physical barrier effect. This strategy provides an eco-friendly and facile method for designing a protective coating on Al alloy used in the acidic environment.

Controllable group tailoring enables enhanced pH-responsive behaviors of polydopamine delivery system in smart self-healing anticorrosion coatings

Nanomaterials as delivery systems loaded with corrosion inhibitors is a promising strategy for achieving self-healing anticorrosion coatings. However, the uncontrollable passive release of inhibitors brings challenges for scalable anticorrosion applications in different environments with wide-range pH values. Here, we propose an effective strategy for regulating the pH-responsive behaviors of polydopamine (PDA) delivery system by controllable group tailoring to enhance the corrosion inhibition effects in different environments. The delivery system (BTA@PDA) consisting of PDA and benzotriazole (BTA) were prepared by a convenient one-pot method. Based on the pH-dependent changes in charge of amine groups and hydroxyl groups, BTA@PDA showed the enhanced corrosion inhibition effects in acid or alkaline environments. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy were performed to characterize the self-healing behavior of scratched coatings added with BTA@PDA. The scratched coatings exhibited an increased impedance modulus due to the dual corrosion inhibition effects of BTA and PDA, triggered by the corrosion-induced pH variation. Moreover, the impedance modulus of the coating maintained at 2.03 × 109 Ω cm2 after 21 days of immersion (only 1.06 × 108 Ω cm2 for an epoxy coating). This study has a great significance for the design of pH-responsive smart coatings for scalable applications in different environments.

Laminarin and sodium molybdate as efficient sustainable inhibitor for Q235 steel in sodium chloride solution

It is of great significance to develop high-efficiency and sustainable inhibitors for Q235 steel under neutral saline conditions. In this study, laminarin (LA) and sodium molybdate (SM) were developed as sustainable corrosion inhibitor for Q235 steel, their inhibition effect and synergistic mechanism in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution was studied by experimentally and theoretically. The results indicated that the complex inhibitor has the highest inhibition efficiency (i.e., 92.75% versus 72.68%) when LA concentration is 0.3 g/L and SM is 0.7 g/L. Electrochemical measurements showed that the LA–SM mixture was anode mixed inhibitor, and confirmed that LA and SM inhibitor have a good synergistic effect. SEM and SECM were conducted to explore the corrosion morphology of Q235 steel surface with LA–SM in NaCl solution. Synergistic mechanism revealed the composite inhibitor could produce multilayer surface protective film presumably leading to an enhanced corrosion inhibition.

Synthesis and Structure of Water-Soluble Sb Quantum Dots and Enhanced Corrosion Inhibition Performance and Mechanisms

Generally, single organic or inorganic inhibitors could effectively inhibit corrosion for metallic materials; however, there are rarely reports about the hybrid corrosion inhibitors consisting of organic and inorganic inhibitors. Thus, in this work, we synthesize a hybrid environment-friendly water-soluble corrosion inhibitor (Sb quantum dots) containing Sb, Sb2O3, Sb2O4, and carbon using the electrochemical exfoliation method. The inhibition effectiveness in short- and long-term immersion tests is measured using electrochemical methods, weight loss, and surface analysis. The results exhibit that the corrosion inhibition efficiency sensitively relates to the concentration of Sb quantum dots (SQDs), which achieves the largest value as the concentration of SQDs increases to 200 mg/L. Atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and contact angle analysis reveal that the SQDs well-disperse on and cover the Q235 steel surface at 200 mg/L. According to the Langmuir adsorption data, the physicochemical adsorption and effective antioxidation of SQDs on the passivated Q235 steel surface are in charge of the effective corrosion inhibition efficiency in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution.

Enhanced corrosion inhibition of low carbon steel in aqueous sodium chloride employing sol–gel-based hybrid silanol coatings

The anti-corrosion properties of sol–gel-based hybrid silanol coatings incorporated with span tea leaves extract employed on low carbon steel in saline solution was explored by electrochemical and surface analyses. Hybrid sol–gel matrices were prepared by copolymerizing tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). Corrosion protective hybrid sol–gel coatings were dip-coated on low carbon steel substrates and sintered to ensure the formation of metallo-siloxane bonds. Inhibition efficiency of 85.66% was achieved with the doping concentration of 75 ppm of water extract into hybrid sol–gel at 30 °C. Polarisation studies demonstrated that the hybrid coatings incorporated with water extract of span tea leaves operate as a mixed-type inhibitor. The Nyquist impedance plots depicted that on increasing the concentration of span tea leaves extract, charge transfer resistance (Rct) increased, and double-layer constant phase element (CPEdl) decreased. A comparison of the corrosion resistance of the coated and uncoated low carbon steel substrates was presented. Electrochemical noise analysis substantiated that the optimum corrosion-resistant coating formulation endured a much lower current noise fluctuation. Moreover, wettability analysis established the hydrophobic nature of the optimum corrosion protective coating.

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Enhanced Corrosion Inhibition Activity of CdS QDs toward Zn Surface

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Enhanced Corrosion Inhibition Activity of CdS QDs toward Zn Surface

Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel by Cetrimonium trans-4-Hydroxy Cinnamate: Entrapment and Delivery of the Anion Inhibitor through Speciation and Micellar Formation.

Chemical inhibitors are widely used to protect metallic alloys from corrosion in aqueous environments. This Letter investigates the possible synergistic behavior of a quaternary ammonium carboxylate compound toward the development of a new system taking advantage of the surface activity of a known antimicrobial surfactant molecule, hexadecyl trimethylammonium cation, combined with a known organic corrosion inhibitor, the trans-4-hydroxy-cinnamate anion. Short-term potentiodynamic polarization (PP) studies combined with immersion in aqueous chloride solutions demonstrated the high inhibition efficiency of the combination of ions, and NMR pfg-diffusion measurements revealed micellar formation that was concentration- and pH-dependent. The NMR data suggest that speciation changes occur in the solution that correlate with enhanced corrosion inhibition efficiency at higher pH and at concentrations above the CMC of the compound. This new contribution may provide a rational molecular design toward delivering corrosion inhibitors to a metal surface through controlled speciation in solution.

Chitosan nanocomposite coatings with enhanced corrosion inhibition effects for copper

A biopolymer coating on copper was prepared based on chitosan nanocomposite and its corrosion inhibition efficiency was investigated. Inclusion of silica nanoparticles substantially reduces swelling ratio of chitosan coating while enhancing its thermal stability. The corrosion resistance of chitosan-based coatings is improved by introducing 2-mercaptobenzothiazole and silica in the matrix. It is found that upon crosslinking the chitosan coatings, a higher corrosion resistance could be achieved and the highest inhibition efficiency for chitosan nanocomposite coatings is calculated as 85%. The corrosion mechanism is found closely related to mass transition and diffusion process, and also the polarization resistance contributes to the impedance. Calculated impedance using Kramers-Kronig transformation shows good agreement with experimental values, thus validating the impedance measurements. This study exhibits the enhanced efficiency of nanocomposite and potential of chitosan coatings in corrosion prevention for copper.