English Royal Research Articles

Alcohol Diplomacy, Gender and Power in the Late Seventeenth-Century Gold Coast Slaving Complex

Abstract Across the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Atlantic African leaders confronted new challenges as the European demand for captive African labour transformed the political economy of the region and the experience of living within it. Among a range of new and remodelled strategies designed to protect their polities, West African leaders used alcohol diplomacy to facilitate political alliance, cross-cultural communication and economic exchange. This article draws on warehouse registers, European travelogues and joint-stock company correspondence to uncover Queen Tituba of Agona (c.1638–1707) in her efforts to manage the English Royal African Company. By tracing her adroit use of alcohol, it reveals how West Africans repurposed English commodities to fit their own patterns of consumption and exchange. From funnelling diplomatic gifts of brandy into Akan-speaking political hierarchies to resolving disputes over rum, the queen drew on alcohol to fortify her rule against other coastal powers and navigate the demands of her own officials, subjects and enslaved labourers. She deployed alcohol in these ways despite, and because of, the pressures placed on her as a woman political leader. Essential to trade and ritual, yet morally fraught, Queen Tituba’s use of alcohol upended the European hierarchies of race and gender that consigned West African women to the status of commodity rather than recognized them as strategic consumers. Following alcohol offers a way of unravelling the intersection between gender, consumption and authority in a period when the trafficking of enslaved African peoples fundamentally transformed Atlantic political economy.

УРОКИ КЛАССИЧЕСКОГО ТАНЦА: ТЕХНИКА ПРЫЖКА В КЛАССИЧЕСКОМ ТАНЦЕ. ВОПРОСЫ МЕТОДИКИ И ПРАКТИКИ

Galina Konstantinovna Polishchuk – a teacher of classical dance, is known by our teachers and students as the author of the book "The History of Karaganda Ballet". As a teacher of classical dance, she once received training from representatives of the Moscow and Leningrad schools in the GITIS internship assistant (Prof. R. Struchkova, E. The Pearl) There she also got acquainted with the methodology of European schools from trainees from the Danish and English Royal Ballet, which provided a huge material for independent pedagogical work and the development of her practical techniques for different classes from junior and experimental to senior. Working at the Odessa Choreographic school next to the famous teacher Yu. She became interested in his experience of retraining students, and then ballet dancers who received insufficient training for the academic stage, developed her own methodology and later applied it in the practice of working with students and with theater artists. She has worked abroad, taught at ballet schools in Japan. Her students took part in International ballet competitions in Italy, Hungary, Russia, Korea, and Kazakhstan. They have danced and taught in Russia, Ukraine, the USA, Germany, Poland, and Japan. In 2020, G.K. Polishchuk published a textbook "Classical dance lessons". In this issue, a continuation of this work is published – a fragment of a chapter devoted to the methodology of work on teaching the technique of jumping classical dance. The results of many years of work on the training of ballet dancers are summarized and systematized at a high professional level. The author typologizes the types of jumps, explains in detail the physiology of the jump, gives a comparative analysis of the methods of teaching jumping in classical dance. The style of writing the article is recognizable: the abundant use of ballet terms alternates with excursions into the history of ballet pedagogy, interspersed with comparisons of different choreographic schools, and, without weighing down the text, allows both a novice teacher and a teacher with experience to understand the essence of the problem.

Robinson Crusoe: After the island

ABSTRACT Charting an anti-colonial or even postcolonial current, this article recovers ironic and satirical meanings in Robinson Crusoe. After he leaves the island, Crusoe trades isolation for commercial opportunities in Asia. Alongside other books plundered by Defoe, Dampier’s Voyages is comparable because the pirate-navigator-cartographer is one among many models. As Defoe was negotiating the politics of the English Royal Court at the time of the wars of the Spanish succession, the Farther Adventures (book two) involves Crusoe in a transformative crisis. Reading Defoe and Dampier together supports an argument about postcoloniality, understood in Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak’s ironic and restricted sense of a critical broadside against the decolonial hoax that smuggles in neocolonial ideologies. In parallel with Dampier, Crusoe ends up hauling opium from Bengal and running from the East India Company in Cochinchina (present-day Vietnam), as Defoe launches a Lockean critique of violence, and profit remains the currency of the realm.

РОЗВ’ЯЗУВАННЯ ЗАДАЧ ІЗ ПРИРОДНИЧИХ НАУК ТА АСТРОНОМІЇ ЗАСОБАМИ МОВИ PYTHON І ПОЕЛЕМЕНТНОГО АНАЛІЗУ

The problem of activating the cognitive activity of students was significantly actualized during the implementation of the concept of a new Ukrainian school, when the social order for a competent person changed radically. One of the ways to solve the problem is to implement the method of element-by-element analysis and the introduction of computer modeling using the Python language. In the method of teaching science, this method is rarely used, although it is effective. There was a problem to consider the method of using this method in the light of the current paradigm of education and the Concept of the New Ukrainian School. The researchers compared the understanding of the concept of element-by-element analysis and generalized their holistic understanding. In the course of the research the historical-genetic, structural-logical and computer-oriented approaches were used as research methods, which are based on conditioned and logically ordered successive element-by-element actions in the formation of a competent subject of study. The methodology of this approach, which is based on the laws of modeling, Euclidean geometry, astronomy, differential calculus, physical experiment, etc., is revealed. The motivation for Newton, the impetus for the creation of his fundamental scientific works was the interest in scientific knowledge of such concepts as tides and the influence on their writing of the famous English Royal astronomer, geophysicist, mathematician, meteorologist, physicist and demographer E. Halley. They jointly and successfully used the method of element-by-element analysis of elements of knowledge of natural philosophy, the application of which led to the concept of centripetal and centrifugal accelerations, the mechanism of interaction between the planet Earth and its natural moon. On the example of element-by-element analysis and computer modeling in Python, the method of solving problems on the use of the fundamental concept of attraction is considered. Thus, the method of element-by-element analysis and computer modeling of the content of subjects, solving educational problems provides identification of structural elements of knowledge, skills, elucidation of their subordination, establishing intra-subject and possible interdisciplinary links based on the identity of elements. Element-by-element analysis determines the decision on the appropriateness of certain methods and tools of teaching. If the share of new elements of knowledge in the holistic structure of the content of education is high enough, the management of search activities of subjects of study is quite difficult and computer modeling comes to the rescue. It is concluded that further research should be continued on other fundamental integrative concepts of natural sciences.

A Senegambian King in an Englishman’s Bed: The King of Saloum, Francis Moore, and the Making of Early Modern Sovereignty

This article explores the interactions between the English Royal African Company agent Francis Moore and the king of Saloum, which Moore described in Travels into the Inland Parts of Africa (1738). The king, in his efforts to maintain royal control over the slave trade, twice occupied the English company’s upriver warehouse, taking possession of it and its goods for his own use. I argue that situating such extant travel accounts within the political circumstances of the encounters that generated them—the politics at the intersection—as well as the politics shaping their reception—the politics of the intersection—illuminates the cross-cultural production of ideas about and practices of sovereignty in western Europe and Africa during the transatlantic slave trade. Paying special attention to how Moore’s account contributed to the coalescence of the figure of the African despot in European political discourse, the essay roots this trope in European experiences of subjection in the centralized Wolof/Serer military kingdom of Saloum.

Divergent Destinies: The English Royal Colony of Tangier and the Island Settlement of Bombay, c. 1662-85

This article examines the progression of the two colonies which came to the English crown as a result of the Anglo-Portuguese marriage treaty of 1661, Tangier and Bombay. The years 1662-85 act as the border for this study, taking in the entire duration of Tangier’s existence as an English crown colony and Bombay’s emergence as a settlement of the East India Company. Whilst English Tangier was a noted failure in colonial terms, the long-term development of Bombay proved to be a major success for the British in the subcontinent. Whilst this study will examine these divergent fortunes in social, economic and military terms, questions will also be posed as to the role which royal and chartered trading company patronage played in the success of these two settlements. This in turn will feed into the ongoing debate surrounding global approaches to colonial expansion and empire, as well as demonstrate the benefits and limitations of royal patronage in colonial development.

Исследование почвопокровных растений в целях их использования на объектах ландшафтной архитектуры

This article presents the results of work on the selection of groundcover plants (both light-loving and shade-tolerant) that are promising and very promising for use on landscape architecture objects. The work was carried out during 2018 on the basis of the collection Fund of the laboratory of ornamental plants of the Main Botanical garden (MBG RAS), on two experimental sites located on the main territory of the MBG RAS, in the collection-exhibition «Shadow garden» and on the exhibition area «Decorative perennials». A total of 225 plants were selected during the study. During the growing season, field surveys of experimental samples were systematically performed and phenological observations were made. Field studies included biometric measurements of the height of the Bush and peduncle, the diameter of the Bush, the diameter/length of the flower/inflorescence, as well as refinement of the color of the flowers/inflorescences (using a special color scale of the English Royal society of flower growers (RHS color Chart)). The result of this work is a list that includes 40 names. These are very promising and promising species that we recommend for use in urban gardening.

«Ultimum ratio of the Great century»: the development of the English Royal regular army in the XVII century

The paper analyses the processes of a modern state development on the example of a regular army development as a basis of the national military system. The author considers the relationship between the development of foreign and domestic policy issues under the Late Tudors. The author analyzes the role of force-based decision-making of the most important issues in decision-making by the Crown under the First Stuarts. The author also analyzes the heavy legacy of the Protectorate regime in terms of the populations acceptance of the idea of a regular army existence. The difficulties encountered by the Stuart dynasty in solving this problem are shown. The problems of financing the Royal army were the main reasons why the active part of the population didnt support the existence of a regular army. The process of creating the Royal regular army is shown on the background of broad European practices of the Great century. The main vectors of British foreign policy development are shown from the continental confrontation with the United Provinces and France to the colonial coexistence with Spain and France. In addition, a conclusion is drawn about the continuity of military construction by the ruling regimes in England of the XVII century. Practices undertaken by the Tudors, James I, Charles I, Lord Protector Cromwell and the age of Restoration sovereigns are shown.

Forest Dialect

The Forest of Dean (henceforth Forest) is one of the lesser known English Royal Forests. The area is considered locally to be a special place with a distinctive dialect. The Forest lies at the intersection of three regions: South East Wales, West Country, also known as the South West, and the West Midlands. The Forest is situated between two rivers: the River Severn to the East separates it from the rest of Gloucestershire; the River Wye to the West separates it from Wales. National borders and physical boundaries seem to play an important role in identity construction. ‘Identities matter most’ (Llamas & Watt, 2010: 17) to those communities ‘at the physical margins of the nation state’ (Llamas, 2010: 225). Such communities may engage in practices that differentiate their dialect and situate it at the centre of their own region.

Justice for sale: political crises and legal development

AbstractPolitical security is often viewed as a necessary precondition for rulers to develop property-protecting legal institutions. I argue that because these institutions can build political support and generate revenue, domestically insecure rulers may also invest in them. I test this argument using newly collected 12th-century data on the operation of the nascent English common law system. Leveraging the 1192 shipwreck and subsequent kidnap of Richard I as an exogenous shock to domestic political security, I find that the catastrophe appears to have prompted the English Royal Court's short-term deployment to raise political support in areas vulnerable to rebellion. I present suggestive evidence that this effect in vulnerable areas persisted into the medium-term, and appears to have expanded to the rest of the country. Drawing on this and other evidence of changes in Royal Court funding, activity, and organization between 1184 and 1203, I argue that the shock may have helped to bring about a permanent increase in the Court's capacity and accessibility. These findings are relevant to studies of the common law and the political economy of legal institutions generally.

The Character of the Treacherous Woman in the Passiones of Early Medieval English Royal Martyrs

Early medieval England is well-known for its assortment of royal saints; figures who, though drawn from nearly five centuries of pre-Conquest Christianity, are often best known from eleventh-century hagiography. Common among these narratives is the figure of the “wicked queen”–a woman whose exercise of political power provides the impetus for the martyrdom of the royal saint. Flatly drawn and lacking in complex motivation, the treacherous woman of English hagiography is a trope, a didactic exemplar tailored to eleventh-century English audiences, and a caution of the dangers of female agency. Here biblical archetypes, clerical scholarship, and an inherent social misogyny unite in a common literary framework. Yet it is also true that each of these “wicked queens” has a unique transmission history that displays a complicated progression of the motif within a living narrative. This article examines the role of the treacherous woman as a narrative device in three royal hagiographies: <em>Passio S. Æthelberhti</em>, <em>Vita et miracula S. Kenelmi</em>, and <em>Passio S. Eadwardi regis et martyris</em>. In so doing, it explores the authorial motives and social influences that informed the composition of these figures, arguing that each is formed of a convergence of the historical and regional contexts of the saints’ cults with the political concerns and ecclesiastical anxieties of the tenth and eleventh centuries.

Convoy of Scottish Trade by the English Royal Navy on the Eve of the Union of 1707

AbstractThe English Royal Navy's relationship with Scotland during the years preceding the Union of 1707 is usually cast as problematic in scholarly discussion, with the navy viewed as the enforcer of an embargo on Scottish trade with France. This study examines the Scottish use of Royal Naval convoy in the first years of the War of Spanish Succession through to 1707, focusing on the North Sea region. It adds nuance to security issues surrounding the parliamentary union by arguing that convoys to Scotland were more frequent than generally acknowledged, an improvement on the situation in the 1690s, and that when combined with the small Scottish navy, provided coverage that largely met Scottish needs. As a result, in a period of otherwise fierce debate, naval protection for Scotland was relatively uncontroversial. Convoy was therefore an unusual, if belated, success for regal union, and that success meant that Scots were more deeply enmeshed in the English system of maritime security than has been often been credited.

England in Europe: English Royal Women and Literary Patronage, c. 1000–c. 1150 by Elizabeth M. Tyler

<i>England in Europe: English Royal Women and Literary Patronage, c. 1000–c. 1150</i> by Elizabeth M. Tyler

England in Europe: English Royal Women and Literary Patronage, c.1000–c.1150,

England in Europe: English Royal Women and Literary Patronage, c.1000–c.1150,

Elizabeth M. Tyler . England in Europe. English Royal Women and Literary Patronage, c. 1000–c. 1150. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2017. Pp. 436. $95.00 (cloth).

Elizabeth M. Tyler . England in Europe. English Royal Women and Literary Patronage, c. 1000–c. 1150. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2017. Pp. 436. $95.00 (cloth).

England in Europe: English Royal Women and Literary Patronage, c.1000–c.1150. Elizabeth M. Tyler. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2017. xx + 436 pp. $95.

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Elizabeth M. Tyler, England in Europe. English Royal Women and Literary Patronage, c. 1000-1150

L’ouvrage d’Elizabeth M. Tyler vient a propos pour combler une lacune historiographique, celle du role culturel des femmes de la famille royale anglaise avant, pendant, et apres la Conquete de 1066. Si les travaux sur le « matronage » sont nombreux pour les trois derniers siecles du Moyen Âge, cette etude tres documentee et convaincante met en avant des portraits de reines qui ont largement faconne la vie intellectuelle de leur periode. Le point de depart de ce volume est une interrogation su...

Elizabeth M., Tyler. England in Europe: English Royal Women and Literary Patronage, c.1000-c.1150

<scp>Elizabeth M., Tyler</scp>. <i>England in Europe: English Royal Women and Literary Patronage, c.1000-c.1150</i>

England in Europe: English Royal Women and Literary Patronage, c. 1000–c. 1150 by Elizabeth M. Tyler

England in Europe: English Royal Women and Literary Patronage, c. 1000–c. 1150 by Elizabeth M. Tyler

Justice for Sale: Political Exigency and the Development of a Legal System

Political security is often viewed as a necessary precondition for rulers to develop property- protecting legal institutions. I argue that because these institutions can build political support and generate revenue, domestically insecure rulers may also invest in them. I test this argument using newly collected 12th-century data on the operation of the nascent English common law system. Leveraging the 1192 shipwreck and subsequent kidnap of Richard I as an exogenous shock to domestic political security, I find that the catastrophe appears to have prompted the English Royal Court’s short-term deployment to raise political support in areas vulnerable to rebellion. I present suggestive evidence that this effect in vulnerable areas persisted into the medium-term, and appears to have expanded to the rest of the country. Drawing on this and other evidence of changes in Royal Court funding, activity, and organization between 1184 and 1203, I argue that the shock may have helped to bring about a permanent increase in the Court’s capacity and accessibility. These findings are relevant to studies of the common law and the political economy of legal institutions generally.