English Resources Research Articles

Integration of Teaching Resources for English Majors under Local Autonomy: Collaboration and Development

In the process of local social governance, educational resources are the basic conditions for social governance, so the integration of English education resources has become the main research aspect of local governments and educational institutions. The integration of key educational resources needs to be supported by local education policies, education systems and education laws, and the corresponding regulations and laws should be improved, and the English cognitive level of the public and the environmental governance of education need to be intervened by local governments, as well as the extensive participation of the public. Laws and regulations should be improved under the guidance of the government to provide support for the integration of English education resources, and the public should widely participate in the integration of educational resources of English majors under the publicity of educational resources, so as to form a good interactive relationship to provide support for local education governance. Therefore, the necessary conditions for the integration of local governments, legal institutions, education departments and the general public, military and local English education resources play a role in promoting the development level of English and the creation of a social environment.

‘I thought I was a refugee’: a narrative inquiry of an EFL teacher’s piloting of a newly published textbook

ABSTRACT Textbooks hold a central position in English Language Teaching (ELT), providing linguistic, sociolinguistic, and cultural resources embedded within specific pedagogical frameworks. Despite its centrality, the end-users’ engagement in textbook development remains vague and untouched. Situated within a textbook development project, this longitudinal study attempts to delineate an experienced English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) teacher’s piloting of a newly published textbook in tertiary education in China. Drawing on data from semi-structured interviews, field observations, classroom observations, and documents spanning over one year, the narrative inquiry traces and depicts the participant’s transition from ‘groping in the darkness’ to ‘seeing a silver lining in the cloud’, which is fluctuated with the participant’s analysis, adaptation, evaluation, and appropriation of the material, highlighted with her re-interpretation of the textbook rationales and re-construction of the personal pedagogical approach in a context-response manner. Facing the challenges and pressures during the textbook piloting project, the teacher’s continuous self-reflection and perseverance are the fundamental driving forces to customize the materials. Furthermore, the flexibility of the textbook content and the support from the editorial team do play essential roles in the piloting project. Through deciphering the rocks and roses in a teacher’s first encounter with a newly published textbook, the study provides practical insights for textbook publishers, textbook writers, language teachers and teacher educators regarding both textbook development and professional development.

Assessing the Readability of Online English and Spanish Resources for Polydactyly and Syndactyly.

Online patient education materials (PEMs) that are difficult to read disproportionately affect patients with low health literacy and educational attainment. Patients may not be fully informed or empowered to engage meaningfully with providers and advocate for their goals. We aim to assess the readability of online PEMs regarding polydactyly and syndactyly. Google was used to query "polydactyly" and "syndactyly" in English and Spanish. The first 50 results were categorized into institutional (government, medical school, teaching hospital), noninstitutional (private practice, blog), and academic (journal articles, book chapters). Readability scores were generated using the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook and Spanish Simple Measure of Gobbledygook scales. All polydactyly PEMs and >95% of syndactyly PEMs exceeded the National Institutes of Health recommended 6th-grade reading level. Altogether, English PEMs had an average reading level of a university freshman and Spanish PEMs had an average reading level of nearly a high school sophomore. For both diagnoses, English PEMs were harder to read than Spanish PEMs overall and when compared across the 3 categories between the 2 languages. Generally, noninstitutional PEMs were more difficult to read than their institutional counterparts. To improve patient education, health literacy, and language equity, online resources for polydactyly and syndactyly should be written at the 6th-grade level. Currently, these PEMs are too advanced, which can make accessing, understanding, and pursuing healthcare decisions more challenging. Understanding health conditions and information is crucial to empower patients, regardless of literacy.

USE OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY IN TEACHING AND LEARNING ON STUDENTS PERFORMANCE IN MATHEMATICS IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF RWANDA

This study explored the impact of English language proficiency on students performance in Mathematics in Kirehe Districts public secondary schools. It aims to assess students English skills in math classes, identify challenges stemming from language barriers, and determine the correlation between English proficiency and math performance. The research involved 336 students, from which 183 respondents, including head teachers, teachers, and students from four schools, were selected through purposive and random sampling methods. A descriptive research design using both quantitative and qualitative approaches was adopted, with data collected via questionnaires, interviews, and observations, then analyzed using SPSS version 21. Findings revealed that 76.5% of students understood basic math terms in English, while 89.7% felt confident discussing challenges in math. However, 81.8% struggled with complex instructions due to unfamiliar vocabulary. Anxiety about using English was noted by 86.8% of students, and 94.1% reported difficulties with lengthy word problems. The study found a significant correlation between teachers English skills and student performance, participation, and learning independence. Recommendations include prioritizing access to English resources, providing teacher incentives for language skill enhancement, and using clear, concise language in instruction. Further research on the relationship between English proficiency and students attitudes toward Mathematics is suggested.

A Cross-Lingual Media Profiling Model for Detecting Factuality and Political Bias

Media profiling offers valuable insights to enhance the objectivity and reliability of news coverage by providing comprehensive analysis, but the diversity in languages posed significant challenges to our identification of factuality and political bias of non-English sources. The limitation of existing media analysis research is its concentration on a singular high-resource language, and it hardly extends to languages beyond English. To address this, we introduce xMP, a dataset for zero-shot cross-lingual media profiling tasks. xMP’s cross-lingual test set encompasses 34 non-English languages and 18 language families, extending media profiling beyond English resources and allowing us to assess cross-lingual media profiling model performance. Additionally, we propose a method, named R-KAT, to enhance the model’s zero-shot cross-lingual transfer learning capability by building virtual multilingual embedding. Our experiments illustrate that our method improves the transferability of models in cross-lingual media profiling tasks. Additionally, we further discuss the performance of our method for different target languages. Our dataset and code are publicly available.

Artificial Intelligence Assistance and Cognitive Abilities: Harnessing AI-Assisted Heuristic Methods for Transitioning from Critical to Creative Thinking in English Language Learning

Transitioning from critical to creative thinking is an essential component of English language learning, fostering problem-solving abilities, innovative idea generation, and effective communication skills. Purpose. This study examines the potential of AI-assisted heuristic methods in facilitating this cognitive shift. Methodology. Three distinct AI-driven approaches are investigated: adaptive learning systems, intelligent tutoring, and data-driven feedback. A mixed-methods approach is employed to evaluate the effectiveness of the AI-assisted heuristic methods and learners' experiences during the intervention. The study involves 60 participants, divided into three groups of 20, each exposed to one of the three AI-driven methods. English language learning resources, including reading passages, audio recordings, and interactive exercises, are integrated with the AI-assisted techniques. The 8-week intervention commences with a pre-test assessing participants' initial critical and creative thinking skills. Post-tests and surveys are administered following the intervention to measure cognitive development and gather feedback on learners' experiences. Results. Results demonstrate significant improvements in problem-solving and originality of idea generation among participants. Furthermore, learners report positive experiences and recognize the value of AI-driven approaches in personalizing learning and promoting cognitive growth. However, challenges such as technological barriers and teacher training needs are highlighted. The current research underscores the potential of AI-assisted heuristic methods in English language learning, offering valuable insights into effective teaching strategies, learning tools, and platforms. Conclusion. Findings contribute to the development of innovative interventions supporting learners in acquiring essential thinking skills amidst rapid technological advancements, ultimately empowering them to succeed in today's interconnected and knowledge-driven world.

DEVELOPMENT OF A LINGUISTIC DATABASE FOR SENTIMENT ANALYSIS

Sentiment analysis is a field of research that uses NLP/Artificial Intelligence techniques to determine thoughts, emotions, and attitudes expressed about an object or event. This means analyzing the tone or mood of the text, feelings and thoughts. Many sentiment analysis studies and linguistic resources have been developed for the English language. However, there are a limited number of studies on the Uzbek language. The reasons for this are insufficient data collection, direct translation of existing English language resources not being compatible with the Uzbek language, differences in the grammatical structure of the two languages, and regional, religious, and mental differences. The study aims to identify emotional-expressiveness units that express emotional evaluation and to develop a linguistic database for emotional analysis. It deals with the issues of developing the linguistic support for sentiment analysis of Uzbek language texts; the study of context-dependent factors in emotional analysis; and determining the best style for the Uzbek language. Attention is paid to the analysis of expressing emotional evaluation means specific to the Uzbek language levels.

Unpacking Evaluative Meaning-Making Resources in Verbal Movie Descriptions: A Comparative Study of Native and Non-Native English Speakers

The present study explored how native speakers (NSs) and non-native speakers (NNSs) of English exploit evaluative meaning-making resources of English when sharing their judgements and opinions on English movie descriptions. To this end, 10 native speakers of Australian English and 10 Iranian non-native speakers took part in on-line informal interviews, based on an approach known as snowball sampling. The study employed a combination of both qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis. The results revealed significant differences in the use of evaluative language between the two groups, with NNSs focusing more on Affect, Judgment and Appreciation respectively, while NSs prioritized Appreciation, followed by Affect and Judgment. The findings are discussed by reference to cultural and linguistic differences in the use of evaluative resources. Moreover, NSs relied more on invoked evaluation whereas NNSs showed a preference for inscribed evaluation. However, both groups utilized a higher frequency of positive descriptions in during their descriptions of English movies. These findings can provide valuable insights for language teaching and research, highlighting the significance of incorporating evaluative language resources into language instruction. The study further brought attention to the interconnectedness of diverse evaluative resources such as reference to emotions and judgements with complex linguistic and cultural domains.

THE REALITY OF MAKING LIBRARY AS A LEARNING RESOURCES FOR STUDENTS IN READING ENGLISH AT SMA NEGERI 1 LAHEWA IN 2023/2024

This study aimed to find out the student's views on the school library as a learning resource for reading English, the involvement of English teachers in making the school library as a learning resource for students to read English and the availability of school library collections can be used as a learning resource for students to read English. This study used a descriptive qualitative method with the research subjects being students, an English teacher, and the head of the library at SMA Negeri 1 Lahewa. Data were collected through observation, interview, and documentation techniques. Data analysis was conducted through the stages of data reduction, data display, and verification or conclusion. The results showed that students of SMA Negeri 1 Lahewa have not fully utilized the school library as an English learning resource. From the available data, only 37.83% of students have used the library as a learning resource, while the others (62.16%) have not optimally utilized the facility. The main obstacles identified were the inadequate library opening schedule and the limited collection of English books. The involvement of the English teacher in making the school library a learning resource for students in reading English at SMA Negeri 1 Lahewa has played a quiet role, providing explanations about the library, inviting students to visit the library to learn together, sharing knowledge, look for book references for assignments and inviting students to make reading book reports containing summaries of books. Then, the availability of book collections at SMA Negeri 1 Lahewa library did not provide enough for the learning needs of students in reading English. It is supported by students' statements during interviews that most of them found the difficultness to get the appropriate English books.

Deepfake: definitions, performance metrics and standards, datasets, and a meta-review.

Recent advancements in AI, especially deep learning, have contributed to a significant increase in the creation of new realistic-looking synthetic media (video, image, and audio) and manipulation of existing media, which has led to the creation of the new term "deepfake." Based on both the research literature and resources in English, this paper gives a comprehensive overview of deepfake, covering multiple important aspects of this emerging concept, including (1) different definitions, (2) commonly used performance metrics and standards, and (3) deepfake-related datasets. In addition, the paper also reports a meta-review of 15 selected deepfake-related survey papers published since 2020, focusing not only on the mentioned aspects but also on the analysis of key challenges and recommendations. We believe that this paper is the most comprehensive review of deepfake in terms of the aspects covered.

Evaluation of the quality of Internet information on masseter botox injection for bruxism.

Botulinum toxin, commonly referred to as botox, is frequently used in facial aesthetics, but also has therapeutic applications in various medical and surgical conditions such as bruxism treatment. The aim of this research is to evaluate the information quality of only English resources available on the Internet regarding the use of botulinum toxin in the treatment of bruxism. The terms "Botox + Tooth Grinding" selected for this study were searched on the Internet using the Google Search Engine, and the URLs of the top 150 websites containing only English pages were recorded and examined. The websites were assessed using DISCERN tools, the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark, and HONcode tools. The website readability evaluation involved utilizing the Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES) and the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL). A total of 130 websites met the inclusion criteria. The total mean DISCERN score (section 1 + section 2) for all websites was 39.75/75 (range: 15-67). The average FRES of all websites was 52.79, and the average FKGL score of all websites was 10.72. Internet blog websites had significantly higher DISCERN (Section1) scores than other websites (p= 0.007). Only one website had the HON code. Internet blog websites showed better compliance with JAMA (authorship and currency) benchmarks. No statistically significant difference was determined related to FRES and FKGL scores between groups (p> 0.05). There is moderate and difficult-to-read information on the Internet about masseter botox injection for bruxism. Relevant guidelines are needed to improve the quality of websites about botulinum toxin for the treatment of bruxism.

Mobile Learning and Resource Sharing Mode of College English Translation Based on 5G Mobile Communication Technology

The application of 5G and other mobile communication technologies to education and teaching, and the construction of College English Translation mobile learning and resource sharing model and related models have important scientific value and significance for the effective organization and management of learning resources and the improvement of the speed and efficiency of college english translation resource retrieval. This research mainly combines the characteristics of complementarity and expansion of mobile learning technology for traditional online learning technology. Based on Moodle online teaching platform, this research develops a mobile learning and resource sharing mode for college english translation based on 5G mobile communication technology, designs and implements a mobile learning model based on Moodle platform, and designs the system architecture, functional modules, learning mode and learning process, Finally, the main functional modules of the system model are implemented and tested. To promote mobile learning in the teaching field to play a helping role in a wide range. The experimental results show that the AKAZE algorithm is used to optimize the model, and the overall accuracy rate reaches 74.7%, and the test probability value P (siq)=0.00, which is significantly less than the significant level of 0.05. Therefore, we believe that the application of mobile learning instructional design mode will help students improve their academic performance.

The Influence of Parents’ Beliefs and Home Literacy Environment on Preschoolers’ Attitudes toward Learning English as a Foreign Language

There are concerns about the negative impact of early English instruction on preschoolers’ attitudes, especially regarding parents’ beliefs (PB) and certain home literacy environments (HLE). However, limited research exists on how these factors influence young children’s attitudes toward learning English. This study examined the impact of PB and HLE on preschoolers’ attitudes toward learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL). Purposive sampling was utilized to select potential respondents from 14 administrative regions within Zhengzhou, China. A survey was conducted among 405 primary caregivers of English preschool learners, focusing on family demographics, perceptions of early English education, HLE, and preschoolers’ learning attitudes. The data were analysed using partial least squares (PLS) analysis in structural equation modelling (SEM). Results affirmed how preschoolers’ HLE significantly and distinctly influences their EFL learning attitudes via formal and informal learning activities as well as resource availability. Specifically, English literacy resources were found to shape preschool-age children’s affective and cognitive attitudes, while caregiver reports on informal English learning at home has a predominant effect on preschoolers’ behavioural attitude. Moreover, access to literacy resources at home serves as a critical intermediary between PB about the value of English education and preschoolers’ cognitive attitude. These findings underline the importance of a supportive HLE and the benefits of interventions designed to modify parents’ beliefs in fostering preschoolers’ favorable attitudes toward EFL learning.

Exploring the experiences of English-speaking women who have moved to Israel and subsequently used Israeli fertility treatment services: A qualitative study.

Israel's pronatalist cultures result in a social expectation to have children and drive Israel's fertility rate of 2.9. Israeli policy reflects this through funding unlimited fertility treatment up to two children. Societal pressure to have children exacerbates challenges of fertility treatment. Furthermore, the lack of financial burden creates a culture of perseverance following treatment failures. Whilst the experiences of Israeli women using fertility treatment have been studied, the experiences of women who migrated to Israel and were therefore raised in a different society have not. This study aimed to address this gap in knowledge. A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews to investigate the experiences of 13 English-speaking women who utilised Israeli state funded fertility treatment. Participants were located across Israel and were recruited using purposive sampling through social media. Data was analysed using framework analysis. Despite not being aimed at specific ethnic or religious groups, all respondents were Jewish. Three themes were identified: 1. Systemic factors: The lack of financial burden was positive, however, participants struggled to navigate the bureaucratic healthcare system, especially when experiencing a language barrier. 2. Influence of others: Encountering a cold bedside manner alongside contending with the expectations of a pronatalist society was challenging. Participants utilised support from other migrants who appreciated the same culture shock. Understanding of healthcare professionals regarding shared religious values further improved treatment experiences. 3. Impact of journey: Participants often withdrew socially and the treatment process implicated upon their lives, jobs and relationships. Navigating a bureaucratic system and pronatalist society are difficulties associated with fertility treatment in Israel. The lack of financial burden and an understanding of religious and cultural beliefs by healthcare providers improved treatment experience. Better provision of resources in English and further research into supporting women who are navigating Israel's pronatalist society is required.

Integration and Innovative Development of English Teaching Resources in Open Education Based on Network Environment

With the continuous development and popularization of network technology, the integration and innovative development of open education English teaching resources has become a research hotspot in the field of English teaching. This study will explore how to use network technology to promote the integration and innovative development of open education English teaching resources. By analyzing and comparing the current situation of integration and innovative development of open education English teaching resources at home and abroad, and conducting empirical research on the current situation of integration and innovation of open education English teaching resources in China, the quality and effectiveness of English teaching will be improved, and the comprehensive quality and innovative ability of English talents will be cultivated, To effectively implement the teaching objectives of open education and play a good driving role.

Understanding caregiver preferences and technology access to plan improvement of pediatric emergency department discharge instructions.

Approximately 95% of children treated in emergency departments (EDs) in Alberta, Canada, are discharged home. Discharge teaching is an opportunity to provide caregivers with the information that they need to manage their child's condition at home and ensure appropriate follow-up. Our ED lacked a standard discharge instruction process. In preparation for local quality improvement, we sought to understand caregiver preferences regarding discharge instructions by assessing the preferred format, need for translated resources, and ability to effectively access electronic information using a Quick Response (QR) code. This project was completed at a tertiary pediatric ED in Calgary, Alberta in July and August 2021. Caregivers of pediatric patients were invited to complete a survey. Families requiring an interpreter were not eligible; however, this was recorded to estimate translation needs. Survey questions addressed preference of discharge instruction modality (verbal, printed, electronic), primary language spoken at home, ability to use English resources, and ability to use QR codes. Descriptive analyses were performed, and preferences were compared. Of 117 caregivers approached, 104 completed the survey (89%). Caregivers had a strong preference for receiving written discharge instructions, with 98% desiring either electronic or printed resources in addition to verbal instructions. There was a similar likelihood of using printed (75%) versus electronic (79%) resources (p = 0.5). Three percent of families were unable to complete the survey due to a language barrier. Of the 104 participants, 19% noted that their primary language at home was not English but that they would still use English discharge instructions. Eighty percent of participants were able to successfully use the QR code. Caregivers had a strong preference for receiving written discharge instructions, with electronic or paper formats preferred equally. Translated resources will be important for some families. QR codes may be an effective tool for distributing electronic resources to most but not all families.

An Overview of Language Shift from French to English in Scientific Articles

The drastic language shift that Algeria has witnessed in recent years, notably towards English, has gained significant ground. This paper examines the evolving dynamics of scientific discourse translation in Algeria. Since gaining independence in 1962, Algeria has been closely associated with Francophone networks, with the French historically dominating scientific communication. However, in recent decades, English has gained predominance in scientific discourse, surpassing French. Through a comprehensive review of academic literature, this paper explores the historical context that has shaped Algeria’s linguistic landscape, leading to this significant transition. The study delves into concepts such as language shift, domain loss, terminology, and translation to understand their impact and relationship within multilingual research contexts. By examining these concepts, the paper seeks to illustrate how they have influenced the shift towards English in Algerian scientific communication. Additionally, the paper investigates the underlying motivations for the increased adoption of English as the primary language of scientific discourse among Algerian researchers and institutions. Key factors include the influence of international scientific norms, the availability of extensive English language resources, participation in global research collaborations, and the enhanced visibility that English provides in the global scientific arena. While this transition to English offers numerous opportunities for Algerian researchers, such as improved access to international research networks and increased publication potential, it also presents challenges. Linguistic and cultural barriers may hinder effective communication and collaboration, potentially impacting the quality of research and its dissemination. The paper concludes by analyzing the intricate ramifications of these translation trends and their implications for Algeria’s scientific research landscape. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for developing strategies to support researchers through this transition and ensuring their successful integration into the global scientific community.

The economic burden of cancer, coronary heart disease, dementia, and stroke in England in 2018, with projection to 2050: an evaluation of two cohort studies

Cancer, coronary heart disease, dementia, and stroke are major contributors to morbidity and mortality in England. We aimed to assess the economic burden (including health-care, social care, and informal care costs, as well as productivity losses) of these four conditions in England in 2018, and forecast this cost to 2050 using population projections. We used individual patient-level data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Aurum, which contains primary care electronic health records of patients from 738 general practices in England, to calculate health-care and residential and nursing home resource use, and data from the English Longitudinal Study on Ageing (ELSA) to calculate informal and formal care costs. From CPRD Aurum, we included patients registered on Jan 1, 2018, in a CPRD general practice with Hospital Episode Statistics (HES)-linked records, omitting all children younger than 1 year. From ELSA, we included data collected from wave 9 (2018-19). Aggregate English resource use data on morbidity, mortality, and health-care, social care, and informal care were obtained and apportioned, using multivariable regression analyses, to cancer, coronary heart disease, dementia, and stroke. We included 4 161 558 patients from CPRD Aurum with HES-linked data (mean age 41 years [SD 23], with 2 079 679 [50·0%] men and 2 081 879 [50·0%] women) and 8736 patients in ELSA (68 years [11], with 4882 [55·9 %] men and 3854 [44·1%] women). In 2018, the total cost was £18·9 billion (95% CI 18·4-19·4) for cancer, £12·7 billion (12·3-13·0) for coronary heart disease, £11·7 billion (9·6-12·7) for dementia, and £8·6 billion (8·2-9·0) for stroke. Using 2050 English population projections, we estimated that costs would rise by 40% (39-41) for cancer, 54% (53-55) for coronary heart disease, 100% (97-102) for dementia, and 85% (84-86) for stroke, for a total of £26·5 billion (25·7-27·3), £19·6 billion (18·9-20·2), £23·5 billion (19·3-25·3), and £16·0 billion (15·3-16·6), respectively. This study provides contemporary estimates of the wide-ranging impact of the most important chronic conditions on all aspects of the economy in England. The data will help to inform evidence-based polices to reduce the impact of chronic disease, promoting care access, better health outcomes, and economic sustainability. Alzheimer's Research UK.

Research on the Construction of New Forms of English Teaching Resources in Higher Vocational College

The construction of new forms of teaching resources for higher vocational English education serves as the implementation carrier of the educational digitization strategic initiative in the field of higher vocational education. It aims to digitally transform and intelligently apply traditional teaching resources through information technology, thereby improving the efficiency and quality of higher vocational English teaching. This article aims to analyze the connotation and significance of the construction of new forms of teaching resources, identify the existing issues in teaching resources for higher vocational English education, and propose corresponding strategies. It provides strong support and guidance for the development of new forms of teaching resources in higher vocational English education and promotes the advancement of higher vocational education towards a higher level.

Developing a Local Wisdom-Based Digital Resource for English for Tourism in Vocational High Schools in Banjarmasin

Tourism graduates from various SMKs in South Kalimantan are expected to be able to become initiators of tourism development both at the regional and national levels and be able to become a driving force for tourism actors in building economic competitiveness through the tourism sector. English as an international language is needed by the community, especially for Indonesian tourism. As one of the required subjects taught in vocational high schools, the problems arises in teaching English because there are no attractive and interesting learning resources for teachers and students about teaching English specifically for tourism majors in vocational high schools in Banjarmasin. Teachers in some schools in Banjarmasin, especially in wetland areas, have limited access to information on teaching English for Tourism. In relation to the university policy and seeing the importance of achieving teaching and learning objectives as well as the lack of suitable digital learning resources for teaching English for tourism students, especially those located in wetland areas, this research aimed to produce digital learning resources in the form of a website which is based on local wisdom for vocational high school students. This research applied a Research and Development design because it aimed to develop a product by paying attention to the needs analysis. It is expected that the results of this research can not only improve students' academic performance but also facilitate teachers to conduct effective and meaningful teaching in wetland areas.