English Literature Research Articles

Erythema Infectiosum: A Narrative Review.

Erythema infectiosum occurs worldwide. School-aged children are most often affected. Since the diagnosis is mainly clinical, physicians should be well-versed in the clinical manifestations of erythema infectiosum to avoid misdiagnosis, unnecessary investigations, and mismanagement of the disease. The purpose of this article is to familiarize physicians with the wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and complications of erythema infectiosum associated with parvovirus B19 infection. A search was conducted in July 2022 in PubMed Clinical Queries using the key terms "Erythema infectiosum" OR "Fifth disease" OR "Slapped cheek disease" OR "Parvovirus B19". The search strategy included all clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews published within the past 10 years. Only papers published in the English literature were included in this review. The information retrieved from the above search was used in the compilation of the present article. Erythema infectiosum is a common exanthematous illness of childhood caused by parvovirus B19. Parvovirus B19 spreads mainly by respiratory tract secretions and, to a lesser extent, the saliva of infected individuals. Children between 4 and 10 years of age are most often affected. The incubation period is usually 4 to 14 days. Prodromal symptoms are usually mild and consist of lowgrade fever, headache, malaise, and myalgia. The rash typically evolves in 3 stages. The initial stage is an erythematous rash on the cheeks, with a characteristic "slapped cheek" appearance. In the second stage, the rash spreads concurrently or quickly to the trunk, extremities, and buttocks as diffuse macular erythema. The rash tends to be more intense on extensor surfaces. The palms and soles are typically spared. Central clearing of the rash results in a characteristic lacy or reticulated appearance. The rash usually resolves spontaneously within three weeks without sequelae. The third stage is characterized by evanescence and recrudescence. In adults, the rash is less pronounced than that in children and is often atypical. Only approximately 20% of affected adults have an erythematous rash on the face. In adults, the rash is more frequently found on the legs, followed by the trunk, and arms. A reticulated or lacy erythema is noted in 80% of cases which helps to distinguish erythema infectiosum from other exanthems. Pruritus is noted in approximately 50% of cases. The diagnosis is mainly clinical. The many manifestations of parvovirus B19 infection can pose a diagnostic challenge even to the best diagnostician. Complications include arthritis, arthralgia, and transient aplastic crisis. In most cases, treatment is symptomatic and supportive. When parvovirus B19 infection occurs in pregnant women, hydrops fetalis becomes a real concern. Erythema infectiosum, the most common clinical manifestation of parvovirus B19 infection, is characterized by a "slapped cheek" appearance on the face and lacy exanthem on the trunk and extremities. Parvovirus B19 infection is associated with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. Physicians should be aware of potential complications and conditions associated with parvovirus B19 infection, especially in individuals who are immunocompromised, chronically anemic, or pregnant.

Premature Thelarche: An Updated Review.

Premature thelarche is the most common pubertal disorder in girls. The condition should be differentiated from central precocious puberty which may result in early epiphyseal fusion and reduced adult height, necessitating treatment. The purpose of this article is to familiarize physicians with the clinical manifestations of premature thelarche and laboratory tests that may help distinguish premature thelarche from central precocious puberty. A search was conducted in September 2022 in PubMed Clinical Queries using the key term "Premature thelarche". The search strategy included all clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews published within the past 10 years. Only papers published in the English literature were included in this review. The information retrieved from the above search was used to compile the present article. Premature thelarche denotes isolated breast development before the age of 8 years in girls who do not manifest other signs of pubertal development. The condition is especially prevalent during the first two years of life. The majority of cases of premature thelarche are idiopathic. The condition may result from an unsuppressed hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in the early years of life, an "overactivation" of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in early childhood secondary to altered sensitivity to steroids of the hypothalamic receptors controlling sexual maturation, increased circulating free estradiol, increased sensitivity of breast tissue to estrogens, and exposure to exogenous estrogens. The cardinal feature of premature thelarche is breast development which occurs without additional signs of pubertal development in girls under 8 years of age. The enlargement may involve only one breast, both breasts asymmetrically, or both breasts symmetrically. The breast size may fluctuate cyclically. The enlarged breast tissue may be transiently tender. There should be no significant changes in the nipples or areolae and no pubic or axillary hair. The vulva, labia majora, labia minora, and vagina remain prepubertal. Affected girls have a childlike body habitus and do not have mature contours. They are of average height and weight. Growth and osseous maturation, the onset of puberty and menarche, and the pattern of adolescent sexual development remain normal. Most cases of premature thelarche can be diagnosed on clinical grounds. Laboratory tests are seldom indicated. No single test can reliably differentiate premature thelarche from precocious puberty. Premature thelarche is benign, and no therapy is necessary apart from parental reassurance. As enlargement of breasts may be the first sign of central precocious puberty, a prolonged follow- up period every 3 to 6 months with close monitoring of other pubertal events and linear growth is indicated in all instances.

Decadent Ecology in British Literature and Art, 1860–1910, by Dennis Denisoff

<i>Decadent Ecology in British Literature and Art, 1860–1910</i>, by Dennis Denisoff

“These gipsy humanities”: G. P. R. James and the Fictionalization of Gypsies in the 1830s

Abstract Studies of the representations of Gypsies in nineteenth-century English literature generally skirt the 1820s and 1830s, even though arguments have been made that there was a significant shift in the image of the Gypsy at this time, from a romantically unknowable figure to a familiar part of the British landscape and, increasingly, an alter ego for the writer. This article fills the gap and tests the argument by examining Edward Bulwer-Lytton’s The Disowned (1828) and, at greater length, G. P. R. James’s The Gipsy (1835). Both writers use the plot devices available to them as romance novelists to create characters who mediate between Gypsies and non-Gypsies and function as spokesmen for Gypsy ways. It is these characters who idealize Gypsy life, yet their idealizations are ironized and psychologized in such a way that the objectivity of their views is in doubt. As characters, they powerfully anticipate the Victorian notion of the “Romany rye”—the non-Gypsy who lives with Gypsies for extended periods, adopting their lifestyle. Yet before that particular literary construction emerged, Bulwer-Lytton and James were putting pressure on the assumptions behind it, questioning the idea that Gypsy culture was open to meaningful appropriation and highlighting the near impossibility of truly mediating Gypsy experience to non-Gypsy readers.

Allergic Contact Dermatitis in Pediatric Practice.

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is prevalent among pediatric population, adolescent and young adults. Patients with ACD experience a lot of sociopsychological and qualityof- life (QoL) difficulties. Children and their caregivers alike are vulnerable to the burden of ACD. We have, in this paper, provided an overview of ACD and discussed common and unusual causes of ACD. We performed an up-to-date literature review in the English language on "allergic contact dermatitis" via PubMed Clinical Queries, using the keywords "allergic contact dermatitis" in August 2022. The search included meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, casecontrol studies, cohort studies, observational studies, clinical guidelines, case series, case reports, and reviews. The search was restricted to English literature and children. ACD may be acute or chronic and it affects more than 20% of children and adults with significant quality-of-life impairments. ACD is manifested by varying degrees of cutaneous edema, vesiculation, and erythema. The hypersensitivity reaction is one of the most prevalent forms of immunotoxicity in humans. Localized acute ACD lesions can be managed with high-potency topical steroids; if ACD is severe or extensive, systemic corticosteroid therapy is often required to provide relief within 24 hours. In patients with more severe dermatitis, oral prednisone should be tapered over 2-3 weeks. Rapid discontinuation of corticosteroids can result in rebound dermatitis. Patch testing should be performed if treatment fails and the specific allergen or diagnosis remains unknown. ACD is common and can be a physically, psychologically, and economically burdensome disease. Diagnosis of ACD is primarily based on history (exposure to an allergen) and physical examination (morphology and location of the eruption). Skin patch test can help determine the causative allergen. Allergen avoidance is the cornerstone of management. Topical mid- or highpotency corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment for lesions on less than 20% of the body area. Severe cases of ACD may require treatment with systemic corticosteroids.

SARS-CoV-2 Encephalitis versus Influenza Encephalitis: More Similarities than Differences.

From time to time, physicians face challenging diagnostic and therapeutic issues concerning the acute management of children with viral encephalitis. The aim of this article is to provide an updated narrative review on the similarities and differences between SARS-CoV-2 and influenza encephalitis. A PubMed search was performed with the function "Clinical Queries" using the key terms "SARS-CoV-2" OR "Influenza" AND "Encephalitis". The search strategy included metaanalyses, clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, reviews and observational studies. The search was restricted to the English literature and pediatric population. This article compares similarities and contrasts between SARS-CoV-2 and influenza-associated encephalitis. Encephalitis is an uncommon manifestation of both influenza and SARS-CoV-2. Both viruses are associated with fever and respiratory symptoms. However, SARS-CoV-2 patients may only have mild symptoms or be asymptomatic as silent carriers, rendering the disease spread difficult to control. Influenza patients usually have more severe symptomatology and are often bed bound for several days limiting its spread. Influenza is associated with seasonal and annual outbreaks, whereas SARS-CoV-2 has become endemic. Complications of encephalitis are rare in both viral infections but, when present, may carry serious morbidity and mortality. Many long-term sequelae of COVID- 19 infections (long COVID-19) have been described but not with influenza infections. Mortality associated with encephalitis appears higher with influenza than with SARS-CoV-2. Prophylaxis by immunization is available for both influenza and SARS-CoV-2. Specific efficacious antivirals are also available with oseltamivir for influenza and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir for SARS-CoV-2. Steroids are indicated with more severe SARS-CoV-2 but their role is not distinct in influenza disease. Encephalitis is a rare complication of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 infections. Both carry significant morbidity and mortality. Efficacious vaccines for prophylaxis and antivirals for treatment are available for both viruses.

Impacts of long-term climate change on human health: a global scoping review

Abstract Introduction Research output on climate change and human health is growing rapidly. This can make it difficult to find and use relevant information to develop public health action. Methods We present a global scoping review of the rapidly growing quantitative research output on long-term climate change and human health. We searched Scopus, Embase, and PubMed for quantitative, English language literature published between January 2000 and June 2021 that referenced climate change and human health in titles, abstracts, or keywords. Results From 36,956 publications we identified 754 relevant studies. Europe, the Americas, and the Western Pacific were studied much more often than other WHO regions. Research on temperature and vectors accounted for 70% of all included publications. Malaria, diarrheal diseases, and cardiovascular diseases were the most studied specific health outcomes. We found very few studies on non-communicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries. Retrospective publications (153) showed effects of climate change are already occurring worldwide. Most studies on tick-borne encephalitis, malaria, and lower respiratory infections associated with air pollution found impacts caused by climate change have increased. The strongest attribution of climate change was found for heat-related impacts. In prospective publications (626) diarrheal diseases, and impacts associated with heat and chemical air pollution were most consistently projected to increase. Future vector-borne disease impacts were projected to be highly location specific. Some studies demonstrated adaptation can effectively reduce impacts, while noting that capacity to adapt differs greatly between population groups. Conclusions Our findings underline climate change impacts are diverse and complex. Future research should prioritize the relatively understudied regions most vulnerable to climate change, such as Africa, and impacts beyond those related to temperature and vector-borne diseases.

A comparative study of voice in Chinese English-major undergraduates’ timed and untimed argument writing

As a somewhat elusive and occlusive concept, voice can be a challenging and formidable hurdle for second language (L2) writers. One area that exemplifies this struggle is timed argument writing, where authors must position claims, ideas, and individual perspectives to an existing knowledge base and scholarly community under the confines of time. To enrich our understandings of voice construction in L2 English writers’ timed writing, we explored how 41 Chinese English-major undergraduates deployed authorial voice in two prompt-based argument writing tasks (timed versus untimed). We also sampled their self-reported knowledge, use, and understanding of voice through a survey-based instrument. To compare the quantity and quality of voice construction between the two samples, we measured 10 voice categories, three voice dimensions, and overall voice strength. Results showed that only two categories displayed statistically significant differences in terms of frequencies, but all three voice dimensions and overall voice strength scored significantly higher in untimed writing samples. Based on the results of our text analysis and survey, we further highlight the complexities of voice in L2 writing, provide evidence in support of existing voice rubrics, and make practical suggestions for teaching and assessing voice in writing.

An Action Research on the Effects of “Production-Oriented Approach” on Senior High School Students’ English Writing

The present study explored the effects of &amp;ldquo;production-oriented approach&amp;rdquo; (POA) on senior high school students&amp;rsquo; English writing. 8-week action research of English writing in a senior high school in Inner Mongolia, China was carried out. The data were collected through writing tests and the questionnaire to answer the following research questions: What are the effects of POA on the senior high school students&amp;rsquo; English writing performance and their critical thinking skills (CTSs)? The research results show that: 1. teaching writing based on POA could improve the language and content of English writing. In specific, concerning language, POA could improve the syntactic complexity, lexical diversity, lexical variation of complexity, fluency, and accuracy of English writing. However, there was no significant effect on the structure of English writing. 2. POA positively influenced students&amp;rsquo; CTSs, especially in the dimensions of analysis, curiosity, justice, cognitive maturity, open-mindedness, and tenacity. However, the writing teaching with POA did not influence the dimensions of truth-seeking and self-confidence. Finally, combined with the research findings, some suggestions for improving senior high school students&amp;rsquo; English writing and CTSs were put forward, and the limitations of this research and directions for the future research were discussed.

Primary Intraoral Granulocytic Sarcoma: A Case Report and Review of Literature

AbstractGranulocytic sarcoma (GS) is a rare extramedullary malignant tumor composed of immature granulocytes, including myeloblasts, promyelocytes, and myelocytes. In most cases, these are associated with persisting blood dyscrasias such as acute myeloid leukemia and chronic myeloid leukemia. To date, 32 cases of GS involving orofacial region have been reported in the English literature. Out of these, only a few presented without any systemic complications. This case reports an unusual occurrence of GS without any associated leukemia involving the mandible of a 29-year-old male patient. Hematoxylin and eosin–stained sections revealed the presence of numerous rounds to ovoid myeloblasts with a multilobated, vesicular nucleus and a prominent nucleolus. The cells stained positive for Cluster of Differentiation 68, lysozyme, and myeloperoxidase. He later underwent chemotherapy but succumbed in the interim period of chemotherapy. We hereby report a unique case of GS of mandible in an apparently healthy individual who deteriorated rapidly; an early and accurate diagnosis of which could have been life-saving.

Research on English Language and Literature Teaching Strategies Based on Situational Teaching Method

The teaching of English language and literature not only focuses on developing students’ English language proficiency but also emphasizes their understanding and cognition of the cultural connotations behind the English language. This dual focus aims to cultivate students’ cross-cultural communication skills and practical English skills. The application of the situational teaching method can create corresponding learning scenarios based on English language knowledge, thereby enriching students’ learning experiences and understanding within these scenarios. This method has significant advantages in enhancing the effectiveness of English language and literature teaching. Consequently, this paper first analyzes the significance of applying the situational teaching method in university-level English language and literature instruction. It then proposes several strategies for implementing this method, with the goal of enhancing students’ language awareness, cultural literacy, and comprehensive English skills.

Case Study on Positive Effects of Forward Transfer on Chinese College Students' English Writing, based on the Common Underlying Proficiency Hypothesis

When many scholars in China already examined the impact of native language transfer on second language acquisition, they typically focused more on the disadvantages brought by reverse transfer, and then demonstrated how to facilitate second language acquisition by mitigating such effects. In contrast, this paper, based on the Common Underlying Proficiency Hypothesis, delves into the influence of college students' native language writing proficiency on their writing abilities in English, emphasizing the positive influence of conceptual foundation on cognitive academic linguistic proficiency. Jim Cummins came up with the Common Underlying Proficiency Hypothesis which contains two major ideas. The first differentiates between Basic Interpersonal Communicative Skills and Cognitive Academic Linguistic Proficiency. The second is called Linguistic Interdependence Hypothesis, which highlights the potential mutual reinforcement between mother tongue and second language. Based on the above theory, this work analyses in detail five sets of samples collected, that is, five Chinese and English essays by Chinese university students, to find examples of the positive influence that mother tongue can have on second language learning, i.e., the occurrence of forward transfer. Then, through these concrete examples, this work analyses a way to actively make forward transfer happen and they both deal with the differences and similarities between Chinese and English, since they are the trigger of mother tongue transfer. The feasibility of this approach is supported by analysis of the five couple of samples.

Outbreak investigation of food poisoning attributed to Omphalotus japonicus using polymerase chain reaction‐based sequencing

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to report and analyse an outbreak of Omphalotus japonicus poisoning following mushroom ingestion in Taiwan, and to employ PCR methods for accurate identification of the toxic mushrooms involved.MethodsA descriptive observational study was conducted involving a family of four who ingested the mushrooms in the mountainous rural area of Yilan County, Taiwan. Data were collected through interviews with the affected individuals and a review of their medical records. Due to the destruction of the mushroom samples, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) methods were utilized for identification. Genomic DNA was extracted from the raw fruiting bodies, and specific primers targeting the internal transcribed spacer region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA were designed for PCR detection.ResultsThree family members (mother, daughter, and son) experienced gastrointestinal symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea, approximately 30 min after consuming the mushrooms. Upon admission to the emergency room, they were hydrated and monitored, with laboratory results showing slightly elevated alanine transaminase levels. The affected individuals recovered within 12 h and were discharged in good condition on day 2. PCR analysis of the mushroom sample confirmed the identification of Omphalotus japonicus, known to produce Illudin S and Illudin M, which cause acute gastrointestinal symptoms. This case represents the first documentation of using PCR‐based sequencing to diagnose Omphalotus japonicus poisoning in the English literature.

The Effect of Using Error Analysis as a Remedial Teaching Strategy on English Major Students’ Productive Skills

The objective of this study was to examine the impact of employing Error Analysis as a remedial teaching method on the productive skills of English Major Students. The study included thirty-six students enrolled in the Department of English Language and Literature at Al-Isra University during the first semester of the academic year 2022/2023. The study participants were initially divided into two sections: section A, comprising thirty students who registered for the Syntax Course, which was assigned as the experimental group. The material was taught using Error Analysis as a remedial teaching method. Section B comprised sixteen students who enrolled in the Applied Linguistics Course. The control group was chosen and instructed using conventional teaching methods. A pre/post-test was administered to evaluate the impact of utilizing error analysis as a remedial teaching method on enhancing the productive skills of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students. Both groups of students took a pre-test to determine their equivalence prior to commencing the experiment. Following a duration of eight weeks, the identical test was administered to both groups as a post-test in order to evaluate their progress in the Productive skills. The statistical analysis employed included measures, standard deviation, T-test, One-way ANOVA, and Scheffe. The study's findings demonstrated that implementing Error Analysis as a method of Remedial Teaching had a notable impact on enhancing students' Productive skills. The findings also demonstrated a clear advantage for the experimental group. This could be attributed to the impact of employing Error Analysis as a method of Remedial Teaching. Consequently, a set of recommendations was given at the conclusion of the study to promote the use of Error Analysis as a strategy for Remedial Teaching in order to enhance the development of productive skills in English Major students.

Effects of atropine on choroidal thickness in myopic children: a meta-analysis

BackgroundAtropine is an effective medicine for myopia prevention and control. This meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of atropine on choroidal thickness (ChT) in children with myopia.MethodsBetween its inception and 1 June 2023, Medline, Embase, and Web of Science were all searched, and only English literature was included. The choroidal thickness was the primary study outcome. Axial length, standardized equivalent refraction were examined as secondary outcomes. STATA 12.0 was used for data extraction and analysis.ResultsA total of 307 eyes were involved in this study to evaluate the effect of atropine on ChT, axial length (AL) and standardized equivalent refraction (SER) in myopic children. Choroidal thickening was significantly higher in the atropine group than in the control group at 1 month (WMD, 6.87 mm, 95% CI, 0.04 to 13.10, P = 0.049), whereas it was significantly higher in the atropine group than in the control group at months 6 (WMD, 10.37 mm, 95% CI, −3.21 to 23.95, P = 0.135), 12 (WMD, 15.10 mm, 95% CI, −5.08 to 35.27, P = 0.143) and at final follow-up (WMD, 11.52 mm, 95% CI, −3.26 to 26.31, P = 0.127), the differences were not statistically significant. At months 1 (WMD, −0.03 mm, 95% CI, −0.04 to −0.01, P = 0.003), 6 (WMD, −0.07 mm, 95% CI, −0.01 to −0.03, P = 0.000), 12 (WMD, −0.13mm, 95% CI, −0.15 to −0.11, P = 0.843), and at final follow-up (WMD, −0.08 mm, 95% CI, −0.16 to −0.01, P = 0.127), atropine treatment was able to delay the axial elongation. At 1-month follow-up, there was no significant difference in the effect of atropine on SER in myopic children compared with the control group (WMD, 0.01D, 95% CI, −0.07 to 26.31, P = 0.127), whereas it was able to control the progression of refractive status at final follow-up (WMD, 11.52 mm, 95% CI, −3.26 to 26.31, P = 0.127).ConclusionLimited evidence suggests that 0.01% atropine causes choroidal thickening in myopic children at 1 month of treatment. In the short term, choroidal thickness may be a predictor of the effectiveness of atropine in controlling myopia in children. 0.01% atropine is effective in controlling myopic progression in terms of SER and AL.Systematic Review Registrationhttp://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier, CRD42022381195.

A review and research agenda for recent socially and environmentally sustainable practices for warehouse management systems

PurposeThe concept of a sustainable warehouse management system (WMS) is a relevant yet under-researched area within warehousing logistics. The purpose of this research is twofold: first, to review the literature on the topic of socially and environmentally sustainable practices; second, to lay the theoretical base for identifying social and environmental sustainability practices in warehousing operations that can serve as focus areas for WMS operational functions.Design/methodology/approachThis research built knowledge on a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis in Scopus Elsevier and Web of Science Core Collection databases. After comprehensively filtering English literature from 2016 to 2024, only 43 out of the initial 601 studies comprised relevant warehousing practices that can be incorporated into the scope of WMS activities.FindingsAs a result, retrieved practices were allocated to a specifically designed warehouse model within the main processes, equipment and resources. This model could serve as a baseline for incorporating 48 sustainable WMS practices. The prevailing share of practices focuses on environmental rather than social warehouse sustainability. WMS should adopt sustainable warehousing practices to reduce warehouses' carbon footprint, energy and resource consumption and improve working conditions in a warehouse.Originality/valueThere have not been any existing reviews on warehouses' social and environmental sustainability to synthesize knowledge and serve as a base for WMS sustainability. This research will contribute to developing more sustainable and environmentally responsible warehousing operations, ultimately benefiting society and the environment. By incorporating such practices into WMS, warehouse owners can ensure efforts toward social and environmental sustainability while still maintaining efficient operations.

An Analysis Study on the Effect of the Use of Electronic Medical Records on the Effectiveness and Efficiency of Services at Public Health Centers (Puskesmas) in Indonesia: A Systematic Review

Background: EMR utilize electronic systems to store, manage, and share patient health information more efficiently and accurately. Given the importance of using EMR in improving the quality and efficiency of health services in Indonesia, this study aims to systematically review the existing evidence related to the effectiveness of EMR implementation on the effectiveness and efficiency of services at Puskesmas in Indonesia. This study follows the PRISMA 2020 standard, examining English literature from 2014 to 2024. The study excluded editorials, reviews from the same journal, and submissions without DOI. PubMed, SagePub, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar are used as literary sources. Results: Initially getting 360 articles from online databases (PubMed, SagePub, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar), eight relevant papers were selected after three rounds of screening for full-text analysis. Conclusion: Overall, the use of Electronic Medical Records at primary healthcare in Indonesia provides many advantages in terms of the effectiveness and efficiency of health services, especially in accelerating queue waiting time, registration, service in the police, and drug taking. However, to achieve optimal implementation, efforts to improve technology infrastructure, training for health workers, and good network management are needed to overcome technical obstacles and ensure smooth service flow at the primary healthcare.

Comparative analysis of the safety and effectiveness of robotic natural orifice specimen extraction versus laparoscopic surgery for colorectal tumors through systematic review and meta-analysis.

The purpose of this study and meta-analysis was to evaluate the perioperative and oncologic results of robotic NOSE versus laparoscopic surgery for colorectal tumors. We plan to perform an extensive electronic search on PubMed, CNKI, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to find research articles published from the beginning of the databases until July 2024 that examine the comparison between robotic natural orifice specimen extraction and laparoscopic surgery in patients with colorectal cancer. Both English and Chinese literature will be included. Literature screening will strictly follow predetermined criteria for inclusion and exclusion, specifically targeting randomized controlled trials and cohort studies. The evaluation of quality will be conducted with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Review Manager 5.4.1 will be utilized to perform a meta-analysis of data gathered from the studies that are included. The ultimate evaluation included seven past cohort studies with a total of 1117 participants (545 who had robotic NOSE and 572 who had laparoscopic surgery). Patients who had robotic NOSE experienced notable enhancements in LOHS, time to first flatus, time to start the liquid diet, EBL, and postoperative ileus when compared to patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery. There were no notable discrepancies noted in terms of surgical duration, total complications, lymph node collection, and anastomotic leakage between the two methods. In conclusion, the use of robotic technology for extracting specimens through natural body openings in colorectal surgery is considered to be safe and achievable. It offers notable advantages over laparoscopic surgery, including reduced hospital stay, earlier time to first flatus and liquid intake, decreased EBL, and lower incidence of postoperative ileus.

A Study on the Influence of Language Environment on English Writing Ability in Universities-Based on the Theory of Second Language Acquisition

Based on the theory of second language acquisition, this study employs a mixed-method approach to investigate the impact of language environment on English writing proficiency in higher education institutions. In the quantitative study, data were collected from 184 students with diverse English language learning backgrounds via the online questionnaire platform "Wenjuanxing" at several universities in China and in-depth interviews were conducted to gain qualitative insights. The findings indicate that the frequency and depth of writing practice, parents' education level, and early exposure to English have a notable impact on English writing ability. Students in the advanced training group demonstrated superior performance due to their increased exposure and practice opportunities, whereas students in the standard study group necessitated more structured instruction and writing practice to enhance their proficiency. The study offers a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for teaching English writing, such as the creation of a rich language environment to facilitate students' English writing abilities.

Otomastoiditis Complicated by a Bezold Abscess and Extradural Empyema, Case Report

Bezold's abscess is a rare deep neck abscess and is an intratemporal complication of mastoiditis, the infection erodes through the mastoid cortex to the attachment of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle. Once the infection has reached this space, it can progress into the infratemporal fossa and trip deep to the investing subcaste of the deep cervical fascia [1]. The spread of infection in this subcaste can lead to a progressive cellulitis/ abscess, but can also do toward the carotid jacket, and thrombosis of the internal jugular tone can do. It was first described by Friedrich Bezold in 1881[5]. Since antibiotics were introduced, the number of reported cases of Bezold's abscesses have significantly dropped. According to some authors, since 1967 there have been less than 100 reported cases in the English literature, only four cases in children under the age of five [1].