English Learning Outcomes Research Articles

Unveiling the Dynamic Mechanisms of Generative AI in English Language Learning: A Hybrid Study Based on fsQCA and System Dynamics

The burgeoning development of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has unleashed transformative potential in reshaping English language education. However, the complex interplay of learner, technology, pedagogy, and contextual factors that shape the effectiveness of GenAI-assisted language learning remains underexplored. This study employed a novel mixed-methods approach, integrating qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) and system dynamics (SD) modeling, to unravel the multi-dimensional, dynamic mechanisms underlying the impact of GenAI on English learning outcomes in higher education. Leveraging a sample of 33 English classes at the Harbin Institute of Technology, the QCA results revealed four distinct configurational paths to high and low learning effectiveness, highlighting the necessary and sufficient conditions for optimal GenAI integration. The SD simulation further captured the emergent, nonlinear feedback processes among learner attributes, human–computer interaction, pedagogical practices, and ethical considerations, shedding light on the temporal evolution of the GenAI-empowered language-learning ecosystem. The findings contribute to the theoretical advancement of intelligent language education by constructing an integrative framework encompassing learner, technology, pedagogy, and context dimensions. Practical implications are generated to guide the responsible design, implementation, and optimization of GenAI in English language education, paving the way for learner-centric, adaptive learning experiences in the intelligence era.

The relationship between intrinsic motivation, self-efficacy, self-regulated learning, and English learning achievement in Chinese high school students

This study investigated the relationships between intrinsic motivation, self-efficacy, self-regulated learning, and English learning achievement among Chinese high school students. A total of 237 10th-grade students in China participated, responding to a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire. Using descriptive and referential statistical analyses, the study found that self-efficacy had a strong correlation with SRL strategies, particularly goal setting and planning. Intrinsic motivation also showed positive, though slightly weaker, correlations with these SRL strategies. Both intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy were closely linked to English language achievement, with self-efficacy demonstrating a stronger relationship. Additionally, SRL strategies such as goal setting, monitoring, and effort regulation were significantly associated with better English learning outcomes, emphasizing their crucial role in academic success. The findings suggest that enhancing intrinsic motivation, self-efficacy, and SRL strategies can substantially improve English language learning. The study recommends educational strategies that focus on these key factors to boost students’ performance and offers suggestions for future research and educational practices.

LINCing learners to digital literacy: supporting social integration and English language learning during COVID-19

Abstract Many newcomers to Canada experience significant difficulties adjusting to life in their new community, with few more challenging than learning English. While Canada’s Language Instruction for Newcomers to Canada (LINC) program suggests a pathway to social integration, ideologies pertaining to language and diversity that inform the LINC program can lead to the assimilation and marginalization of immigrant and refugee newcomers. The disruptions that COVID-19 brought to LINC classes exacerbated these issues. Here, we explore these themes in an ethnographic study of one LINC site and suggest that the incorporation of digital technologies could offer a space for a translingual pedagogy to take root. With appropriate guidance, the adoption of a translingual pedagogy could work against the problematic discourses perpetuating within LINC and improve English learning outcomes by providing increased opportunities for digital literacy socialization.

Development of Differentiated English Language Learning Multimedia

This research and development aims to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of differentiated learning multimedia using Smart Apps Creator (SAC) in improving English learning outcomes for class VIII students at UTP SPF SMP Negeri 2 Sunggal. The type of research is research and development (R&D) using the ADDIE model, with stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research was conducted at UPT SPF SMP Negeri 2 Sunggal, class VIII students, consisting of 64 students, with 32 students in the experimental class taught using SAC multimedia and 32 students in the control class not using SAC multimedia. The research results show: (1) validation by material experts (94.44% of very feasible criteria), by media experts (94.17% of very feasible criteria), and by learning design experts (93.61% of very feasible criteria). The results of individual trials were 76.67% feasible criteria, small group trials were 88.33% very feasible criteria, and field trial results were 91.04% very feasible criteria. (2) There are differences in student learning outcomes between the experimental and control classes. The experimental class had an average learning outcome of 82.75; the control class had an average learning outcome of 61.63. Hypothesis testing using an independent t-test on the post-test scores of the experimental class and control class obtained a significance result (2-tailed) of 0.000, which means <0.05. It can be concluded that there are significant differences between classes that are taught using differentiated learning multimedia and classes that are not taught using multimedia. The development of differentiated learning multimedia using SAC for class VIII SMP students is effective in improving English learning outcomes.

The effects of blended teaching approach on university students’ English learning outcomes: A three-level meta-analytic review

The effects of blended teaching approach on university students’ English learning outcomes: A three-level meta-analytic review

The Effect of Using Spinning Wheel Media on the English Learning Outcomes of Class III Students at SD Inpres Fatukoa, Kupang City

Learning English is an important process to help students develop their English language skills from an early age. The lessons on “things in the classroom” is used as one of the topics researched the KKM score. The third graders of SD Inpres Fatukoa Kota Kupang City were the subjects of this research, which set out to quantify the impact of using revolving sheel media on test scores. This studi used a quasi-experimental methodology resembling a nonequivalent control group design. It was administered 47 students and collected data via observasion, multitiple-choice tests, and image matching as well as using test instruments and observation sheets. Tests of hypotheses and t-tests were used to appraise the data. Based on the t-test findings, there was a 24,9 point difference between the experimental and control classes’ average post-test scores:87,61>62,71. Furthermore, the Independent Samples Test, which is used for hypothesis testing, reveals that a significance level of 0.000 < 0,05 in the 2-tailed t-test for equality of means indicates that the null hypothesis(H0) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis(Ha) is accepted. We may thus infer that third graders at SD Inpres Fatukoa Kupang City benefit greatly from using spinning wheel media to improve their English language ability.

An Empirical Study of Data Mining Technology in English Learning Outcome Prediction

This study employs data mining to construct a predictive model for English learning outcomes, aiming to identify crucial factors affecting student performance and inform teaching enhancements. Through extensive data collection and meticulous preprocessing, a robust predictive model is established. Detailing the theoretical framework and methodologies such as machine learning, data preprocessing, feature selection, and model assessment, the study ensures model accuracy and reliability. Data sourcing and processing steps transform raw data into a model-ready feature set. Model validation reveals high prediction accuracy and generalizability, with key features significantly impacting achievement predictions, deepening insight into learning determinants and guiding targeted teaching strategies. The research concludes with a summary of findings, acknowledging limitations, and suggesting future avenues. This data-driven English learning achievement prediction model offers promising educational applications, enhancing decision-making and personalized learning.

Silencing Anxiety with Social Savvy: The Role of Interpersonal Intelligence in EFL Classrooms

Communication anxiety significantly hinders learning outcomes in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms. This research explores the correlation between interpersonal intelligence and communication anxiety among high school students, assessing how variations in interpersonal skills influence anxiety levels during EFL interactions. Employing a quantitative approach, the study engaged 32 eleventh-grade students from class 11 MIPA 3 at SMA Mekar Arum, selected through random sampling. Data were collected using designed questionnaires to evaluate interpersonal intelligence and communication anxiety and analyzed with Pearson Product Moment Correlation via SPSS 22.0. The results indicated a significant negative correlation between interpersonal intelligence and communication anxiety (r= -0.494, p < 0.05), demonstrating that students with higher interpersonal intelligence experience lower communication anxiety. Notably, 65.6% of the students demonstrated medium levels of interpersonal intelligence, while 34.4% had high levels. In terms of communication anxiety, 56.3% of students experienced moderate levels, and 43.8% experienced high levels. Conclusively, this study underscores the importance of fostering interpersonal intelligence as a strategic approach to alleviate communication anxiety in EFL settings. It recommends that EFL instructors integrate group-based and interactive activities that enhance interpersonal relations among students to improve their educational experience and outcomes.

Utilizing Technology to Assess English Learning Outcomes of Students Based on a Competency-based Approach

This study addresses the research gap in the integration of technology in evaluating English language learning outcomes, aiming to improve efficiency, accuracy, and flexibility in competency-based assessments. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, using quantitative data from online assessments. Participants included educators and learners engaged in English language programs across various educational institutions. The findings indicate that adaptive learning technologies significantly enhance accessibility, scalability, and student engagement in English language assessments. However, challenges such as technological limitations, data privacy issues, and the need for comprehensive teacher training are highlighted. This research underscores the potential of technology to transform competency-based English language proficiency examinations while offering practical insights for educational institutions, policymakers, and ed-tech companies to optimize these advancements effectively.

The effectiveness of artificial intelligence on English language learning achievement

Over the past few decades, artificial intelligence (AI) has undergone exponential growth and has been overwhelmingly permeated in the educational field, including English language education. Many individual studies have paid close attention to probing the effect of AI on learning. However, no quantitative meta-analysis has been conducted on the overall effectiveness of AI on English language learning achievement. Hence, to fill the research gap and strengthen the statistical power, this article aims to carry out a meta-analysis for examining the effectiveness of AI on English learning outcomes. A total of 40 empirical studies with 3290 participants across ten countries filtered from five academic electronic databases, yielding 55 effect sizes. Via Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software, the results found that AI had a high effect size (g = 0.812) on English language learning achievement, indicating that students who integrated AI significantly outperformed their counterparts who followed traditional pedagogy in English achievement. Additionally, the moderating effect of ten categorical variables (i.e. nation development level, whether undergoing the COVID-19 pandemic, sample size, learning phases, students' majors, sub-fields of English learning, AI applications, intervention duration, research design, research settings) was examined. It found that sample size, learning phases and students’ majors significantly moderated the effectiveness of AI. Confronting the results, potential reasons behind them are discussed, and practical and research implications are proposed.

Optimizing Medical English Teaching through Intercultural Competence: A Quantitative Analysis in Chinese Vocational Institutions

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of integrating cross-cultural competence into medical English teaching on improving the English learning outcomes of medical students in Chinese vocational colleges. Using quantitative research methods, a 16-week cross-cultural integration medical English teaching experiment was designed and implemented with 108 medical students in a vocational college. The 108 students were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group was taught with cross-cultural content, while the control group was taught with traditional teaching methods. Before and after the study, students in both groups were tested on English listening, speaking, reading and writing skills, pragmatic skills, and intercultural competence. Through statistical analyses such as independent samples t-test, repeated measures ANOVA and structural equation modeling, the results of the study showed that: (1) the experimental group made significantly better progress than the control group in English listening, speaking, reading, writing, pragmatics, and cross-cultural competence; (2) cross-cultural competence partially mediated the improvement of the overall English proficiency; (3) cross-cultural competence had a significant impact on the experimental group's pragmatics and oral communication; and (4) cross-cultural competence had a significant impact on the experimental group's oral communication and pragmatics. s pragmatics and oral communication skills significantly. This study provides an evidence-based cross-cultural integration teaching model for medical English teaching, which can help Chinese vocational colleges and universities to cultivate medical talents with cross-cultural literacy to better meet the needs of international medical cooperation and communication.

The impact of kahoot-based formative assessment on student learning outcomes at a Junior High School in Samarinda

This study explores the impact of using Kahoot! as a formative assessment tool on student learning outcomes in English at SMPN 22 Samarinda. The research utilized a quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-test measures on Class VII-7 B. Findings revealed that Kahoot! significantly improved students' understanding of English grammar, particularly tenses. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software, showing a notable increase in student achievement post-intervention. The study emphasizes the importance of integrating technology like Kahoot! in the classroom to enhance learning. Recommendations for future research and teacher strategies are also provided.

Cooperative Learning: Index Card Match Method in Increasing Students’ English Learning Outcome

English language achievement encompasses proficiency in the English language, reflecting a person's ability to effectively comprehend, communicate, read, and write in English. The Index Card Method is a cooperative learning strategy that promotes active participation and collaboration in the classroom, encourages students to engage in active learning and develop their creativity. The aims of this research was to find out whether or not Index Card Match Method of cooperative learning can significantly increase students’ English achievement to the seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 6 Wonomulyo. The method used in this research is quantitative research using pre-experimental method with one group pre-test and post-test design. The procedure of collecting data involved administrating pre-test before treatment and post-test after treatment. The population of this research was seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 6 Wonomulyo academic year 2023/2024. The sample was taken by using cluster sample technique, where the researcher chose one class consisted 18 students. The result of this research showed that the mean score of students’ English achievement before taught by Index Card Match method was 38.89, while after doing the treatment, the mean score was 64.00. To find out the difference between pre-test and post-test, the researcher applied t-test. The value of t-test was 14.726 greater than the value of t-table 2.110 at the level of significance 0.05 and the degree of freedom was 17. The conclusion of this research is the Index Card Match method of cooperative learning can significantly increase the students’ English achievement.

A Study on the Effects of Learning Motivation and Boredom on English Learning Outcomes of Chinese College Students

In recent years, boredom has become a research hotspot in the field of second language acquisition. Whats more, the effects of boredom on learning outcomes and motivation on learning outcomes have been widely discussed by scholars. However, it is a rare study on the effects of motivation and boredom on English learning outcomes. There is a gap in the research. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between the three projects. After that, this study will provide better strategies to achieve the best learning results for educators and learners. The results show that there is a significant correlation between boredom and learning motivation, and boredom also has an effect on learning outcomes. However, there is no correlation between learning motivation and learning outcomes. Based on this result, the educators and learners can reduce boredom to develop learning outcomes by many approaches, such as reward system, interest in learning and so on.

The Influence of Differentiated Instruction on Senior High School’s English Learning Outcomes

The goal of this research is to use differentiated instruction in English in order to improve student learning outcomes. This class X research was carried out at UPT SMA Negeri 3 Takalar. This study employs structured interviewing methods, recording, and observation in a qualitative descriptive research design. According to the research, 20 students, or 13 students in total, had a completeness score in cycle I mathematics learning of 65%, and 7 students, or 35% of the students, did not achieve the passing requirement. Then, in cycle II, the comprehensiveness of the instruction yields an 81.50% acquisition in English for a total of 17 pupils, as well as children who have met the score.

Students’ Perceptions Toward Quizizz as An Assessment Tool in EFL Classroom

This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach to investigate students' perceptions of Quizizz as an online assessment tool for English learning in a Senior High School in Jakarta. The objectives of this study are to describe the implementation of Quizizz and identify the students’ view toward Quizizz as an assessment tool in EFL classrooms. Eight second-year students are participated and selected based on their prior use of Quizizz during English lessons. Data collection involved classroom observations and in-depth interviews. The data were collected, transcribed, and analyzed thematically. The findings indicate that Quizizz is effectively employed by teachers, eliciting active engagement from students who appreciate its gamified features. Four key themes emerged from the analysis: Interest in Quizizz, Motivation in Quizizz, Confidence in Quizizz, and English Skills in Quizizz. Participants expressed enthusiasm for Quizizz's gamified learning approach and its integration of technology, which they perceived as enhancing teachers' assessment capabilities. They also noted that Quizizz served as a motivational tool, boosting their confidence and improving their English skills, notably in vocabulary acquisition and reading comprehension. Overall, Quizizz emerged as an effective and enjoyable tool for enhancing student engagement and facilitating learning outcomes in English. For educators, integrating Quizizz into lesson plans proves to be an efficient method for fostering student involvement and evaluating learning achievements.

Development Of Interactive Multimedia Based On Google Site For English Class

This research aims to: (1) produce interactive multimedia learning based on Google Site that is suitable for use in teaching and learning. (2) Produce practical and easy-to-learn interactive multimedia learning based on Google Site. (3) Determine the effectiveness of interactive multimedia based on Google Site. This research is a Research and Development (R&D) study using the ADDIE model. The study was conducted on 10th-grade students of State Islamic Senior High School 1 in Langkat. The method used in this model is Quasi-Experimental. The research sample consisted of 72 students, with 36 students as the experimental group taught using interactive multimedia based on Google Site and 36 students as the control group taught using picture media. The results of the study prove that there is a significant difference between the English learning outcomes of students taught using interactive multimedia based on Google Site and those taught using picture media. This is indicated by the obtained data, where the significance value obtained is 0.003. The significance value (sig) < 0.05, thus is rejected and is accepted. Therefore, it can be concluded that interactive multimedia based on Google Site is better than picture media.

AI Chatbots in English Language Learning: A Critical Review

AI chatbots are an AI-driven platform. AI chatbots help students set goals and improve their English learning outcomes by leveraging data through machine learning. Machine learning is one of the applications of AI. It is the process of using mathematical models of data to help computers learn without direct instruction. Machine learning algorithms improve their performance over time as they have more data. Machine learning is similar to how students learn English on their own. Students' English ability improves over time as they are able to learn on their own and are exposed to English (outside the classroom). This article details an innovative approach to English learning based on machine learning. It also introduces the potential of a student-centered approach that incorporates the use of AI chatbots.

Exploring the relationship between digital gaming, language attitudes, and academic success in EFL university students

The potential of digital games in education has been widely discussed, yet there is a significant gap in the literature regarding their influence on foreign language learning, particularly in Central Europe, and using mixed-method research designs. This study aims to fill this gap by providing empirical data from a new cultural context. Using a mixed-method research design, it investigates the impact of gaming on language learning outcomes of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) university students. A total of 99 Slovak university students of English as a foreign language were selected by convenience sampling, of which 10 were chosen for qualitative interviews to triangulate the data. The results reveal a significant improvement in vocabulary knowledge and a reported increase in positive language attitudes among gamers compared to non-gamers, with no significant difference in grade point averages between the two groups. These findings highlight the potential of digital gaming to enhance vocabulary learning and foster positive attitudes towards language learning among EFL students. Recommendations for future research are provided.

The Correlation Between Student Participation and Student Motivation Toward Student English Achievement at Senior High School

Student participation and student motivation are pivotal efforts to optimize student learning outcomes, particularly in English achievement. This research aimed to ascertain the correlation between student participation (X1) and student motivation (X2) with English achievement (Y) among the twelfth science 3 graders of SMA Negeri 4 Malang. Employing a quantitative approach with a correlational research design, the study quantitatively describes the extent to which these variables are related. The subjects of this research comprised 32 students. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire and student achievement documentation. The data analysis utilized the Azwar 2012 formula and the SPSS 23 version software. The results indicated that the F achievement value was 3.470, while the F table value at n=29 with a significance error of 0.05 was 3.33. This finding suggests that the F achievement value is higher than the F table value (F achievement > F table), leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis (Ho) and the acceptance of the alternative hypothesis (Ha). Thus, the research concludes that student participation and motivation significantly contribute to improving students' English achievement. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of fostering an engaging and motivating classroom environment to enhance students' language skills. Active student participation not only reflects their interest in the subject matter but also encourages a more dynamic and interactive learning process. Similarly, motivation serves as a driving force that propels students to strive for better performance and achievement. By understanding and leveraging these factors, educators can implement strategies that better support students' academic growth and proficiency in English. This research provides valuable insights for educational practitioners aiming to improve English learning outcomes through targeted interventions that boost student engagement and motivation.