Kindergarten English Research Articles

English teaching method training to improve the competency of kindergarten teachers

The English Teaching Methods training program as a Community Service activity was carried out at one of the kindergarten schools, in Malang city. This training aims to improve the professionalism of kindergarten Teachers in teaching English materials. This activity consists of several stages namely preliminary study, material preparation, onsite training, and evaluation. The preliminary study, which involved discussion with presenters and school principals, was conducted to identify problems and assess teachers' needs. During the training process, teachers are equipped with theoretical frameworks, methodological examples, and English teaching materials specifically tailored for the effective instruction of young learners. Subsequently, the educators were allocated a period for discussion, during which they engaged in the development of inventive approaches and media. These outputs were subsequently delivered on the next day. The training instructors also offered feedback for every new method and media creation that was presented by the teachers. Upon the end of the training program, the participants offered testimonials and suggested ideas pertaining to the training. In addition, the lecturers offered instructional objects that can be utilized when teaching English in kindergarten.

A - 190 Neuropsychological Profile of an Adolescent with Primary Mitochondrial Disorder.

This case describes a 16-year-old Hispanic male presenting with progressive brain atropy and upper motor neuron symptoms. He was diagnosed with a primary mitochondrial disorder (MT-TL1; variant m.3255G > A). Language and history produced difficulties in establishing onset. There is no literature describing the neuropsychological outcomes of this rare disorder. The patient spoke Spanish exclusively until 4. At 12, the patient had a CT after a fall noting ventriculomegaly without transependymal migration of fluid. MRIs, neurological examinations, and whole exome sequencing were ordered. An unknown neurodegenerative process was suspected. Parents felt cognitive changes started with the fall, but care team suspected onset as early as kindergarten due to reports of difficulty learning to read. Neuropsychological evaluation found IQ scores in the exceptionally low range, with relatively preserved adaptive skills. Significant fine motor and language deficits were noted, with low average to below average verbal memory, reading, and spelling, and exceptionally low visual memory and calculation. Executive functioning skills were variable. Extensive history-taking revealed that while the patient had struggled to learn to read English in kindergarten, he had taught himself to read in Spanish at home without difficulty concurrently. Although m.3255G > A mutation is the most frequent of MT-TL1 mutations, literature has only described its mutation associated with myopathy, maternal inherited diabetes and deafness, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS). No literature has defined neuropsychological outcomes of this rare disorder. Further, this case highlights the importance of understanding how language and education intersect in English Language Learner children.

Teaching English to Very Young Learners in Kindergartens in Myanmar

The purpose of this study is to determine the Implementation of Teaching English To Very Young Learners in kindergartens in Myanmar. The subjects of this study are the early childhood education teachers from Myanmar. The research problem is going to investigate is the practice of teaching in Myanmar particularly on the methods of teaching tend to implement in Yangon city Myanmar. Data is obtained through questionnaires. The Research findings on teachers’ involvement are first briefly reviewed, and then the analyses using the data are discussed to identify the trend and practice of teaching English in Kindergarten. It can be concluded that the planning, methods, the analysis used in this paper are in accordance with the references.

English Language Education at the Elementary School Level in Saudi Arabia: A Parents’ Perspective

In Saudi Arabia, there are several school types where children go and learn both English and Arabic: (i) Public (government) and Quranic schools; (ii) private schools where Arabic is the medium of instruction with an intensive English course; (iii) international schools where English is the medium of instruction, and one course is allocated to Arabic and Islamic Studies. This study surveyed a sample of parents to find out the number of hours allocated to English; kinds of textbooks used and whether parents consider them sufficient; parents’ views of their children’s proficiency level in the different English language skills; which language is stronger in children: English or Arabic; which language children use in communicating with their siblings, parents and relatives; the effects of learning English (L2) on Arabic (L1); and the optimal age for starting to learn English. Results showed that at government and Quranic schools, students take 1-2 hours of English a week which parents think are insufficient. At private schools, hours allocated to English vary (between 5-10). At international schools, English is the medium of instruction in all courses. Most parents prefer that children start learning English in kindergarten or first grade. English is the stronger and preferred language for international school students. Private School students have a good command of English and Arabic. Arabic is the stronger and preferred language for Government and Quranic School children. Some parents think that the textbook used at Government School are good, but some teachers are incompetent in their instructional techniques. Some Public Schools (in remote areas or small towns) are understaffed which results in reducing the teaching hours from 2 to 1 hour per week. Parents’ views on the status and quality of foreign/second language education in each type of elementary school in Saudi Arabia are reported in detail.

PROGRAM “SITOGA” (SING, STORY, AND GAMES): PELATIHAN BAHASA INGGRIS BAGI GURU TK DESA SENAUNG KABUPATEN MUARO JAMBI

The purpose of this Community Service (PKM) activity is an effort to help teachers of the Jauharul Iman Kindergarten Senaung Village, Jambi Outer City District, Muaro Jambi Regency, Jambi Province, to find, create and apply English learning materials according to the age of the children. To achieve this goal, the PKM activity carried out is SITOGA (Sing, Story and Games) for kindergarten teachers. This activity takes place during the month of April to May 2022, where the first month is focused on deepening material on the principles of teaching English for Young Learners, introducing learning resources, and learning methods and techniques. The next second month becomes an opportunity for participants (kindergarten teachers) in making learning resources and implementing or practicing learning. The results of PKM activities include participants being able to understand theories of teaching English in kindergarten, teachers being able to recognize several English songs, combining songs and movements in English, making simple English teaching media, designing learning activities with fun activities, and getting to know and practice
 different types of games

Penguatan Literasi Digital Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris Bagi Guru-Guru TK

Improving teacher competence is very important to support the quality of education. There is still a lack of digital literacy mastery among kindergarten teachers in learning, especially learning English. There are many obstacles faced by teachers in mastering digital literacy such as a lack of knowledge about the features of laptops, and lack of understanding how to operate laptops or smartphones. The other obstacles in learning English in kindergarten is the teachers educational background who are not from the English Education study program. The purpose of this Community Partnership Service Activities is to improve the teacher competence in mastering ICT. The method used is through training, question and answer and direct mentoring. Participants who participated in this activity were kindergarten teachers from cluster 3 of Jayapura city consisting of 12 kindergarten teachers. This activity conducted for two days. At the beginning of the activity, a pre-test was distributed to measure participants' understanding of digital literacy in learning English. Monitoring and evaluation are done by giving post-test directly to participants. The results of this this Community Partnership Service Activities are 82% or 10 teachers from 12 teachers have increased their competence in mastery of digital literacy in learning English in kindergarten.

An Overview of Students’ and Teachers’ Factors, and Students’ Perspectives Towards Teachers’ Characters in English Learning

This study generally aims at examining any factors that cause the college students still find difficulties in learning English and if there are any bad things experienced by the students from their teachers. The problems in this study are: 1) What are the influences that cause the English students still find English lesson difficult to understand English even though they have learned English for more than 10 years? 2) Did the English students have any bad experiences from their English teachers in the classroom which cause them have difficulties in understanding English lessons? The method used by researchers in this study is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The tools used in this study were video recorders and open-ended questions sheets. The primary data in this study is the respondents' answers to some questions delivered to them in the interview session. The respondents are the first-year students of batch 2018 at Gunadarma University located in Bekasi, West Java province. The researcher randomly selected 400 students who were studying English 1 and English 2 subject. It is found that the factors that cause the English learners still find some difficulties in learning English are caused by both internal and external factors. This study also revealed that some students had some bad experiences from their English teachers as long as they have studied English since they started learning English in kindergarten or primary school.

Types of Minor Clauses in Kindergarten English Interactions

This research aims to find minor clauses in the utterances issued by Kindergarten students that convey meaning in their interactions at school. The researcher uses Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) in analyzing this kind of discourse to find minor clauses in interpersonal function. There are several minor clauses found in the process of data transcription in kindergarten interactions. There are four types of minor clauses, namely vocatives (calls), greetings, shouts (exclamations), and alerts (alarms). All this types shared variously in the clauses both by the students and also the teachers. The conversations among participants by using the minor clause is bonding the emotion and attention in each activity happening in the class. It is suggested in building the friendly situation in the class without spared the space between teachers and students. The discourse analysis of it is needed to create the leavily interaction that is supported the communication skill for the students since the early age.

Evidence-based Features of Writing Instruction in Widely Used Kindergarten English Language Arts Curricula

ABSTRACT This study described the features of writing instruction in widely used kindergarten English Language Arts programs and examined their alignment with evidence-based, best-practice guidelines. Three popular curricula were selected for analyses: Reading Wonders, Journeys, and Reading Street. Our coding of teacher manuals focused on instructional provisions for composing, spelling, and handwriting in key instructional sections within each curriculum: (1) genre writing, (2) grammar, and (3) reading instruction. Lessons for coding were sampled from the beginning, middle, and end of each program, comprising 12 weeks of instruction. Results indicated that, although variable across curricula, there were several features of writing instruction that aligned with evidence-based guidelines. All curricula included daily writing lessons and activities, along with provisions for teaching the writing process and basic writing skills (i.e., sentence construction, spelling, handwriting). However, instruction in basic writing skills were often isolated and support for these skills was rarely embedded within the context of children’s own written compositions. In addition, children had relatively less opportunities to independently write their own compositions in genre writing compared to teacher modeling writing or using shared writing. Results of this study could inform efforts to revise or develop curricula to better facilitate the writing development of kindergartners.

A Systematic Review of Effective Instructional Interventions in Supporting Kindergarten English Learners’ English Oral Language Development

In this systematic review, we explore research on effective interventions and approaches targeting kindergarten English Learners’ (EL) English oral language development. A total of seven studies met the inclusion criteria. The review summarizes the common characteristics of a practical intervention that could be applied to support kindergarten Els’ English oral language development. In addition, we summarize the measurements that were applied to measure Els’ oral language proficiency in English. However, future research using a longitudinal design is needed to determine the long-term impact of quality intervention on ELs’, especially those with limited resources, oral language development.

Learner Initiative Based on Learners’ Turns in a Korean Kindergarten English Classroom

Learner initiative and very young learner talk have not been fully investigated despite the growing recognition of their importance in English education. Therefore, the present study examined the sequential development of talk-in-interaction observed in an after-school English program in a Korean kindergarten classroom by investigating how children contributed their behaviors to class participation using the methodological framework of conversation analysis. Data was collected from one intact classroom interaction between a native teacher and 28 seven-year-old children. The analysis highlighted a noticeable interactional phenomenon, learner initiative, which was revealed through children’s turn position in the Initiation-Response-Follow-up (IRF) sequence. In particular, this study presented evidence that learner initiative could be displayed through learners’ self-selected turns: initiating repair of the teacher’s previous utterance, asking a question, and displaying knowledge of words. These findings were discussed in relation to the view of learners as active agents through the process of interaction and suggested pedagogical implications of very young learners’ classroom interaction.

Motion Graphic untuk Pengenalan Warna Dalam Bahasa Inggris

One of the levels of education for early childhood is Kindergarten. The presence and development of technology has a considerable influence on the development of learning media that utilizes video-based media. The use of video as a medium for learning color recognition in English in Kindergarten is expected to enhance childrens’ understanding. The aim of this research was to develop learning media to recognize colors in English through the implementation of motion graphics and to convey material about color in English through learning media in the form of motion graphics that have been made. This product was developed using the Luther Sutopo method and distributed to Ibn Khaldun's Islamic Kindergarten. Previously, a test was conducted where it was found that this media was very good to use and it was proven that the students' average score had increased by learning to use this media.

Pelatihan Metode Pembelajaran MASAK (Mudah, Asyik, Santai, Aktif, Kreatif terhadap Penguasaan Kosakata dan Mendengarkan Bahasa Inggris Guru PAUD RA Bintang Sembilan Cipayung Depok

<p>Learning is the process of interaction between students between students and educators by involving parents and learning resources in the atmosphere of learning and playing in PAUD units or programs. Learning activities in early childhood are essentially concrete curriculum development in the form of a set of plans that contain a number of learning experiences through play given to early childhood based on the potential and developmental tasks that must be mastered in order to achieve the competencies that must be possessed by children. Learning methods that can be used in teaching English in kindergarten are MASAK learning methods (Easy, Fun, Casual, Active, Creative). It aims to foster children's courage in expression in English so that children are interested in ongoing learning activities. The MASAK learning model invites children to directly interact with their friends, take action, and is a fun activity, so that children will easily remember vocab or vocabulary. The role of a teacher in providing learning media that is interesting and easy for children to understand is needed. Explicitly, this activity aims to explain the procedures and benefits of applying the MASAK learning method in vocabulary learning and English speaking skills to the teachers PAUD RA Bintang Sembilan Cipayung, Depok. From the results of the implementation of community service activities, several conclusions are given as follows: (1) The COOK Method (Easy, Fun, Casual, Active, Creative) is one of the right methods to be used in teaching English, especially vocabulary and listening to children with fun and easy way. (2) Teachers can utilize the use of the COOK method in conveying learning about mastering English vocabulary. (3) Schools can utilize the COOK method to support learning so as to improve the quality of learning and produce quality learning.</p>

DESIGNING ENGLISH SYLLABUS FOR KINDERGARTEN AT TK NISRINA BEKASI

The current trends show that the teaching of English is not only conducted in elementary schools but also in kindergartens. The research was initiated by the fact that English has been included as a program in kindergarten. However, that program is not supported by the availability of qualified teachers and English syllabus.This study is focused on developing English syllabus for Kindergarten in TK Nisrina Bekasi. It tries to answer the research problem about how to develop English syllabus which covers the learning objectives which meet the students' needs, the materials which provide successful achievement, and the teaching methods which guide teachers how the materials are to be taught, and the evaluation which assesses how far the learning objectives are reached. This is a Research and Development study conducted in two activities; needs analysis, and syllabus development based on the information from needs aanalysis. The syllabus is developed based on the curriculum which is made after carrying out the need analysis. The draft of the syllabus was evaluated by two experts and the feedbacks were used to revise the draft. Field try-out was conducted to get feedbacks used to revise the draft. The final revision is the Final Product. The instruments used to collect the data were questionnaires, observation, and interview.The results of needs analysis showed that the teachers got confused to formulate learning objectives. They also had difficulties to find the materials for several themes and sub-themes and they only applied a few teaching techniques and very limited media. This occurs because there is no curriculum for teaching English in kindergarten. Therefore, from the data, the first draft of syllabus was made. Then it was revised after obtaining the feedback from the experts.

Supporting Children to Learn English in Chinese Kindergarten

Most Chinese students learn English as a second language after they go to primary school. However, many articles showed that the best period of children to learn English was three years old to six years old. As researchers, we believe that Chinese children should learn English in kindergarten. We aim to find out from graduate Chinese students in Auburn Univerisity in the United States if Chinese children should learn English in kindergarten. We used qualitative research method, and thirteen participants who are graduate students in Auburn University were interviewed. We used a questionnaire to ask all participants seven questions. The results showed that 38% of participants studied English in kindergarten and 62% of interviewees learned English in primary school. Nine participants agreed that children should learn English in Chinese kindergarten, as they believed that children had strong ability to accept new knowledge at early ages. By doing this research, we want to help Chinese parents to realize that learning English at early ages is very important for every child, and we need to create a good environment for Chinese children to learn English.

Bidirectional relationships between children’s executive functioning, visual skills, and word reading ability during the transition from kindergarten to primary school

This longitudinal study investigated the bidirectional relationships between executive functioning (EF), visual skills, Chinese and English word reading abilities in children transitioning to primary school. A total of 165 children in Hong Kong were followed from the third year of kindergarten (Time 1) (mean age: 62.80 months, SD: 3.74) to the first year of primary school (Time 2) (mean age: 77.25 months, SD: 4.60). Assessments for measuring EF, visual skills, phonological awareness, morphological awareness, and Chinese and English word reading were administered to the children at the two time points. Results of cross-lagged panel analyses revealed that after age, phonological awareness, and morphological awareness were controlled, EF and visual skills exhibited a bidirectional relationship. Furthermore, EF and word reading in Chinese or English reciprocally predicted each other during the school transition period after other skills were controlled. However, visual skills and word reading in Chinese or English did not predict each other. These findings highlight the close associations between EF and visual skills as well as the importance of EF in learning to read Chinese and English in kindergarten and early primary school.

A longitudinal investigation of reading development from kindergarten to grade eight in a Spanish-speaking bilingual population

This longitudinal study used latent growth curve modeling to investigate English literacy development in a sample of Spanish-speaking language minority students from third through eighth grade. This study also compared the sample’s literacy development to the entire population of California students using state standardized test data. Second, this study examined the contributions of a variety of bilingual measures of kindergarten letter knowledge, phonological awareness, word reading, and vocabulary to literacy development. Results demonstrated the present sample scored below average in literacy compared to the overall population of California students across years, but made slight gains to narrow the achievement gap. The greatest gains were obtained between fourth and fifth grade, but plateaued thereafter. Results concerning the second research questions showed that the third grade literacy intercept was predicted by kindergarten English letter knowledge, Spanish onset, Spanish word reading, and English vocabulary. However, English literacy development through eighth grade was only predicted by kindergarten English and Spanish vocabulary. Findings support arguments for educational efforts to target oral language instruction for these students in early elementary and instruction in both languages may provide the greatest benefit. Instructional implications are discussed.

Parent’s Perception towards Preschool Children’s English Education and their Ways of English Practice

This study examined perceptions of early childhood English education among Korean mothers whose children are aged five to seven, and children’s English practice at those ages. The data collected was drawn from seventy-five parents from the survey as well as from in-depth individual interviews with eleven parents, analyzed using grounded theory. The findings displayed that mothers thought English is necessary in Korea. However, they thought mastering Korean should be anterior to English and thus the appropriate age for English was seven, after acquiring Korean. Ironically, however, mothers started their children’s English practice earlier than they would have thought and mothers were involved in their children’s English practice by helping their children to do their homework. In addition, most parents depended on English institutions, private lessons, and kindergarten English programs to support their child’s English learning. This study is expected to delineate the perceptions of Korean mothers with preschool children on English education and the actual ways their children practice English.

Three Theories of the Effects of Language Education Programs: An Empirical Evaluation of Bilingual and English-Only Policies

ABSTRACTWe empirically evaluated three theoretical models—the threshold hypothesis, transfer theory, and time-on-task theory—for educating English language learners (ELLs), with a focus on the role of language factors in explaining achievement differences among ELLs. Participants were 196 sixth graders with Spanish language backgrounds who started learning English in kindergarten and then were continuously enrolled in a U.S. school. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate the extent to which Spanish and English language and literacy—skills that are emphasized differentially in competing theories for educating ELLs—predict academic achievement assessed in English. Results indicated that Spanish literacy, over and above English language proficiency, was substantially predictive of academic achievement, consistent with the transfer theory. This model was a more focused version of the threshold hypothesis, in that the weaker predictor of Spanish oral language proficiency was excluded. Time-on task theory was not supported.

유치원 영어전담 교사의 전공에 따른 유아 영어교육에 대한 인식

유치원 영어전담 교사의 전공에 따른 유아 영어교육에 대한 인식