English As Medium Of Instruction Research Articles

English as Medium of Instruction (EMI) at Primary Schools in Indonesia: Challenges and Opportunities

English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) method bloomed widely in the educational context as the impact of advanced globalization. Pros and cons emerge worldwide toward the implementation of this teaching method. A study of EMI on the primary level becomes interesting since the teachers are faced with double challenges. While teaching young learners with their unique characteristics is a big challenge, they are required to teach the learners using an unfamiliar language which is English. Therefore, a descriptive-qualitative study was conducted to uncover this issue. Literature review, observation, and interviews with some teachers of international standard primary schools in Indonesia were employed to obtain comprehensive data on this issue. The result revealed many challenges and opportunities in the implementation of EMI at the primary level. This study suggests a better policy in the educational system shading the implementation of EMI in Indonesia and many supports are still needed.

English as a medium of instruction for engineering e-portfolio

This paper tackles the importance of capacity-building and Industry 4.0. preparation in higher technical education where sustainable learning approaches start gaining a place. The primary study objective focuses on developing a combined curricular implementation of an applied didactic and career-promoting tool. A sequence of applied tasks related to the Mechanics of materials course and supported by English as Medium of Instruction (EMI) allowed to teach technical topics through the English Language. The transversal competences’ framework strengthened training activities and created a meaningful connection to a professional e-portfolio artefact design. Quality task and presentation deliveries, remarkable e-portfolio contributions and student satisfaction questionnaires motivate applying this methodology to specialisation courses in engineering training. The findings help establish new models for higher education institutions' teaching and learning.

Connecting target content with students through translanguaging in a postgraduate EMI pharmacology module

ABSTRACT The use of English as medium of instruction (EMI) in non-Anglophone contexts can be seen as part of a process of ‘Englishisation’ which favours a monolingual policy of using only one language in the classroom. However, EMI can be seen as a multilingual phenomenon, where the declared policy of using one language (English) as the medium of instruction may not reflect actual classroom practices in which other languages are used. Such practices can be described as ‘translanguaging’, in which participants engage their full linguistic repertoires in making meaning, and which does not see languages as distinct, compartmentalized entities. In this sense, this study aims to investigate how a lecturer deploys bilingual practices in an EMI postgraduate pharmacology module at a Spanish university for content knowledge building and meaning making purposes. The study uses multimodal Conversation Analysis (CA) to examine the multilingual and multimodal resources enacted by the lecturer both at the ‘local’ level of interactional sequences, and at the level of ‘overall’ medium of practice. The findings suggest that translanguaging (not just English or Spanish) was used as a way of connecting target content knowledge with the students by referring to the students’ experience and the shared classroom community.

English as Medium of Instruction (EMI): What training is needed by the faculty members?

English as Medium of Instruction (EMI): What training is needed by the faculty members?

EMI and CLIL in Asian schools: A scoping review of empirical research between 2015 and 2022

As the role of English as a global language grows, many governments in the Asian region have been promoting the use of English as medium of instruction (EMI) in universities and schools. In recent years, the use of EMI has been promoted in the form of Content Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) in many pre-primary, primary and secondary school systems in Asia. Because this focus on the school sector is relatively new, there seems to be relatively limited empirical research on the implementation of EMI and CLIL in primary and secondary schools in Asia. Using scoping review methodology, this paper aims to ‘map the terrain’ by providing an overview of the contexts and focus areas of empirical research conducted in the last seven years (2015–2022). The findings highlight gaps in the existing body of literature, including a lack of research in primary school and early childhood contexts, limited research in some countries in the Asian region, and a relatively narrow range of research focus areas, stakeholder perspectives and methodological approaches. These findings highlight areas that future researchers may consider as they investigate EMI and CLIL in school contexts in Asia.

Exploring L2 Motivational Dynamics Among Chinese EAP Learners in an EMI Context From a Socio-cultural Perspective

This paper reports the findings pertinent to the motivational dynamics in learning English for Academic Purposes (EAP), which are a part of a large-scale mixed-methods study. The study was aimed to explore the adaptation of a cohort of Chinese tertiary students when transiting to an English-as-Medium-of-Instruction (EMI) university from Chinese-medium schools in China. Data sources include a questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews over a 10-month length of time. Analysis of the quantitative data revealed that the participants became much more strengthened in the overall and dimensional level of motivation after being engaged into EAP learning at the EMI context for two semesters. The qualitative results indicated that the consolidation of the participants’ motivation might result from the newly mediational roles of socio-cultural elements at the EMI environment pertaining to the learning discourses, cultural artifacts, important others and the study of content subjects with the target language. This study crystallizes the situationally constructed disposition of second language (L2) motivation which is responsive to context. The pedagogical implications for EAP teaching are also discussed.

Internationalizing the business school: A comparative analysis of English-medium and Spanish-medium instruction impact on student performance

Business degrees have been pioneers in adopting the internationalization of Higher Education Institutions with the option of English as Medium of Instruction (EMI). Research has grown about the EMI versus non-EMI lecturers and students’ performance measured through perception, motivation, discursive analysis or satisfaction measures. However, results have not been conclusive in the scarce number of papers comparing quantitative course grades of EMI versus non-EMI students. The aim of this research paper is to prove that there is no difference in attaining learning objectives among students within a Business Administration Degree in Spain regardless the language of instruction. The present observational study considers all enrolled freshman throughout a horizon of six consecutive years allowing more reliable results not affected by the specificities of courses or years. All 212 students in the EMI track were matched to non-EMI track counterparts taking into account all available covariates. Results not only show that there is no difference in the attained learning objectives between the two tracks, but also that EMI students' grades are in fact better than their non-EMI counterparts, which might help to remove the believe many still have on the lower academic attainment of those following an EMI track.

Non English Language Teachers’ Perspectives on EMI: A Narrative Inquiry

Increasingly, non-English speaking countries in the colossal world use English as the medium of instruction (EMI) to teach academic subjects. English as medium of Instruction (EMI) has been a great issue of discussion in today’s pedagogical field among the concerned stake-holders. This qualitative research aimed to investigate on – English teachers’ perspectives on language shifting in classroom teaching practice (from Nepali to English and again from English to Nepali in 12 years’ time span) in terms of their practice, motivation, challenges and results of the shifting in a secondary school located in a rural setting of Gulmi. For this, three secondary level English teachers were selected purposively and data were collected using in-depth interviews. The results of the study revealed that teachers of the public schools were found aware of the basic concept of the notion of English as a medium of instruction. They were found positive in implementing EMI in conducting their daily teaching and learning activities. The study also showed that teachers of secondary level have been facing different challenges in adopting EMI in the classroom like students’ weak exposure to English, mother tongue interference, unresourceful schools and government policy interference. The study recommended that there should be a favourable and encouraging environment in the public schools for the teachers for adopting EMI in the class. In spite of some challenges of the medium of instruction, they were found to be in favour of the continuation of EMI.

Анализ некоторых «модных» познавательных стратегий в педагогике высшей школы

Relevance. Intellectual fashion plays an important role in determining the principles of organizing cognitive space in the practice of teaching the younger generation. The problem of choosing a cognitive strategy is key to the implementation of personal development within the framework of any educational model. A critical analysis of popular cognitive strategies enjoying increased attention from the scientific community is relevant, since the adherence of researchers to pedagogical fashion distracts methodologists from solving truly significant problems. The purpose of the study is a critical assessment of two phenomena of pedagogical fashion: the “flipped classroom” and content and language integrated learning (CLIL). Research methods. Based on a theoretical analysis of scientific literature and systematization of existing methodological concepts, the correct methodological conditions for the implementation of these pedagogical strategies in a modern university are identified and justified. Research results. It has been revealed that the name “flipped classroom” referring to the popular model of advanced independent students’ work is terminologically incompatible with the formal style of Russian scientific discourse. The idea that the effective use of modern digital resources in the university educational process should be associated only with this model is also subject to critical rethinking. The CLIL methodology used in teaching foreign languages should provide a dual focus in teaching, combining simultaneous mastery of both the subject and a foreign language within one basic discipline. Many CLIL proponents consider it a central phenomenon in teaching foreign languages, but consider it superficially, ignoring the differences between the methodologies of CLIL vs ESP (English for Specific Purposes) as well as CLIL vs EMI (English as Medium of Instruction). Conclusions. It is more correct to consider the “flipped classroom” strategy as advanced independent students’ work or reverse learning as a form of blended learning. The review of Russian studies devoted to CLIL allows us to negatively assess the CLIL centralization trend without proper taking into account its differences from the ESP and EMI methodologies.

Utilisation of the CDIO framework on specialised subjects with EMI-based design at the Faculty of Journalism and Communication

In the world in general and in Vietnam in particular, English as Medium of Instruction (EMI) for students not majoring in foreign languages has attracted much attention due to the trend of international integration. However, this implementation is still facing certain language barriers, so the efficiency of lecture delivery is not as expected. Thus, to purge such limitations and enhance students’ performance in EMI-based classes, the article suggests the CDIO framework and its application in curricular activities as a prominent approach. The comparative method was used to study the case of the Faculty of Journalism and Communication, the University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh City, specifically in the two EMI-based subjects, namely English for Journalism (2017 program) and English for Journalism 1 (2022 program applying the CDIO framework). The research results show that the application of the CDIO framework in the EMI-based subject teaching process has a significant impact on students' knowledge acquisition, in which the professional qualifications and foreign language ability of lecturers are optimized. At the same time, teaching methods, class organization, and assessment also have a positive impact on the acquisition process.

Global issues in a series of EFL textbooks and implications for end-users to promote peace education through teaching english

ABSTRACT English has long been accepted as lingua franca (ELF) to share values, beliefs and opinions. ELF can be interrelated with the paradigms of Global Englishes Language Teaching (GELT), English as an International Language (EIL) and English as Medium of Instruction (EMI). Textbooks should present content covering global issues (GIs), leading to a better understanding of the spread of English and its connection with globalization where peace education (PE) should be built on. English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) teachers usually feel under pressure to follow textbooks in English prep-programs in Turkey. Therefore, the extent that EFL textbooks offer GIs is crucial for developing learners’ understanding of PE beyond national boundaries. Although relevant literature has well documented the place of GIs in language teaching and paucity of research on PE in language education, EFL textbooks have remained under-researched. For this reason, a comprehensive checklist of GIs was used to examine a five-level series of coursebooks (A1-C1). Data analysis showed that three lower-level coursebooks employed less GIs than those with higher-levels. Issues ranged from environment to health, whilst specific content for PE appeared moderately. Several implications are made for a meaningful match of GIs and GELT, EIL, EMI and EFL teaching with Language of Peace Approach.

IRF SEQUENCES AND SPACE FOR PARTICIPATION IN EMI CLASSROOM INTERACTION: A CASE STUDY AT HANOI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION

Initiation-response-feedback, or IRF, is a pattern of information exchange between the teacher and the learner. The teacher initiates first, then the learner responds, and then the teacher gives feedback. IRF is widely known as one of the most common patterns of classroom interaction. The study seeks to examine teachers’ questions and their use of classroom discourse in IRF sequences and how teachers offer space for participation in English as Medium of Instruction (EMI) classroom interaction at Hanoi National University of Education (HNUE). Collected data include classroom observations, audio and video recordings of EMI lessons, and field notes for conversation and corpus analyses. The study findings suggest that the teachers’ use of classroom language and their interaction practices could facilitate the learners’ participation in EMI classroom interaction. Therefore he study discusses pedagogical implications for EMI teaching practices and EMI teacher education.

Using Youtube Video Clips of Different Themes To Enhance Students' Listening Skill in an Emi Class

<p><span lang="EN-US">These days, ICT (Information Communication Technology) tools have been increasingly applied in an EFL (English as a foreign language) class. In a class with students of mixed-ability level, the use of additional materials like ICT tools would be useful to boost students’ motivation. This study aimed to examine the effect of You Tube video clips of different themes on students’ listening ability in an EMI (English as Medium of Instruction) class. The treatment was 7 You Tube video clips of different themes added to the course instruction. A pretest-posttest one group design was conducted and students’ evaluation questionnaires were delivered to 31 students. The results showed that students had significant improvement in the post-test results and they also had positive attitude towards the use of You Tube video clips. Additionally, the students seemed to enjoy the clips of novel and humorous topics and they suggested more applications of video clips in the classroom for the next course. Implications were provided for further practices with video clip instruction in the future</span></p>

English medium instruction at Sino-foreign cooperative education institutions in China: is internationalising teaching and learning possible?

ABSTRACT The development of English as Medium of Instruction (EMI) at the tertiary level has been accelerated by the ever-increasing degree of higher education internationalisation. The study, based on a survey with 112 students and semi-structured interviews with 16 instructors collected at a Sino-foreign cooperative education institution in China, explores students’ perceptions of and adaptation to EMI teaching and learning. The findings indicate that students show a positive attitude towards EMI teaching and learning. Students’ motivation and prior English proficiency are important factors that influence their learning experience through EMI. Tailored pedagogical strategies to facilitate students’ learning, an enhanced level of collaboration between EMI teachers and language teachers, and the provision of an immersive sociolinguistic environment conducive to EMI are also instrumental. The study suggests a range of strategies and policy implications that might benefit EMI teaching and learning in non-Anglophone countries that are keen on higher education internationalisation.

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF EMI IN VIETNAMESE UNIVERSITIES: CHALLENGES AND ITS POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS

The internationalization of education through English as Medium of Instruction (EMI) is growing really fast around the world. Vietnam has not been an exception in this trend. The Vietnamese government has promoted EMI with the objective of enhancing the quality of Vietnamese higher education, overhauling the outdated curriculum, and lifting the ranking of Vietnamese universities. Besides the benefits stated, some drawbacks have hindered the process. This project analyzes the different challenges of EMI implementation that have been described by different authors and it also refers to partial EMI as a possible feasible solution for the gaps of full EMI that have arisen worldwide.

Students’ Perceptions on the Use of English as Medium of Instruction (EMI) at The International Class of The Economic Development Study Program of The Faculty of Economic & Business of University of Bengkulu

The objective of this research is to investigate the students’ perceptions on the use of English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) at the International Class of Economic Development Study Program Faculty of Economics and Business of University of Bengkulu. This research used descriptive quantitative survey design. Questionnaire and interview were the instrument of the research. The questionnaire was distributed to all population of this research, which was 19 students. The sample of the interview was 5 students. The result of this research showed that most of the respondents were positive with the statements given. In perceiver dimension, positive responses were the highest consisting of 37.9% of students agreed and 26.3% of students strongly agreed. In target dimension, positive responses were the highest consisting of 48.1% of students agreed and 32.3% of students strongly agreed. Meanwhile, in situation dimension positive responses were also the highest percentage consisting of 44.7% of students agreed and 9.2% of students strongly agreed. In conclusion, the majority of the students are positive with the EMI program in their class either in terms of perceiver, target, and situation. However, more than half of the students were not confident in terms of communicating with English in learning process. Besides, the implementation was still partial in most courses.

Students Perceptions of the Use of English as Medium of Instruction

This study aims to explore the students’ perception of the use of English as Medium of Instruction (EMI) in teaching and learning at SMA Negeri 1 Kota Gorontalo. This explorative qualitative study employed a purposive sampling method. This study involved 112 twelve-grade students from IPA, IPS, and BAHASA majors of SMA Negeri 1 Kota Gorontalo as the subjects. This study utilized questionnaires for data collection, while the Likert Scale and Percentage Formula were performed in data analysis. The result showed that the students had positive perceptions of the three EMI types of perception: visual, auditory, and speech perception. The average results in visual, auditory, and speech perceptions were 70.96% (‘strongly agree’ category), 70.49% (‘strongly agree’ category), and 57.90% (‘agree’ category). Further study with bigger samples and different subjects is recommended since this research only focuses on students perception of the Use of EMI in Teaching and Learning at SMA Negeri 1 Kota Gorontalo.

Student challenges and learning strategies at Hong Kong EMI universities.

The rapid trend towards globalization has led to the expansion of English as Medium of Instruction (EMI) in tertiary education. The academic challenges faced by non-native speakers have been broadly discussed in Anglophone countries, whilst those learning through EMI in the Chinese context are still underexplored. To examine Chinese EMI university students’ perceived language challenges in learning, as well as their language-related learning strategies, this study investigated 73 students studying at EMI universities in Hong Kong, taking account of their gender, EMI experience in higher education, and English exposure prior to tertiary education. Participants completed a survey to provide self-evaluations of their academic situation and their perceptions of their disciplinary learning. The study found that students perceived a relatively low level of language and learning challenges, and they showed a preference for using their second language (L2)-related learning strategies over strategies related to their first language. Specifically, male students tended to be more actively engaged in communication with their peers than females, and were more likely to search for additional learning support in English. In addition, first-year undergraduates perceived a greater degree of challenges in knowledge application and relied more on L2-related learning strategies than their senior counterparts. Although the importance of English exposure prior to higher education has been highlighted in many existing studies, this study found that prior exposure to English was neither connected with students’ perceived challenges nor their learning strategies.

Schooling in Hong Kong, youth aspirations, and the contesting of Chinese identity

This article provides a critical sociological examination of how Hong Kong youth’s relationship towards Chinese identity and China is negotiated vis-a-vis schooling, language policy, and the broader Hong Kong postcolonial condition, and how this mediates these students’ aspirational imaginations regarding possibilities of studying and working in mainland China. Through focus group interviews with middle-class senior secondary school students studying in English as medium of instruction (EMI) Hong Kong government schools, we highlight the conflicted relationships students had towards China, which is embedded within historical memory, but complicated by the contrasting values inherent in Hong Kong as a global financial hub and neoliberal node. Despite the school’s active policies promoting Chinese cultural identity, deep ambivalences associated with Chinese sociopolitical values affected aspirational capacity. Furthermore, language policy and language acquisition are implicated in the formation of Hong Kong students’ spatiotemporal aspirations towards China.

Teachers’ Perception of English as Medium of Instruction in Nepalese Community Schools

English as Medium of Instruction (EMI) has been a burning issue of the pedagogical field among the concerned stakeholders including teachers. The objective of this study was to find out the perception of the community schools' teachers in shifting the medium of instruction to English in the multilingual classroom contexts. It also aimed to explore the opportunities and challenges of shifting the medium of instruction Nepali to English in community schools. It is a qualitative design with a phenomenological study. The participants of the study were two teachers of a community school of Sainamaina Municipality of Rupandehi who are teaching other than English subjects in English medium. A semi-structured interview technique was used to gather information from the participants. The main finding of the study was that the use of EMI in community schools is beneficial. It is also found that teachers of community schools were positive in implementing EMI in conducting their daily teaching and learning activities even though there are certain challenges like linguistic difficulties, inadequate language abilities of teachers, cultural diversity, less effective pedagogy, limited resources, etc.