Britain Europe Research Articles

Features of the organization sport selection to the club and national football teams of France

Ahead of the 2016 European Football Championship held in France, the Ministry of Education together with the French Football Federation (FFF) and school sports associations approved the program "Foot à l'école" ("Football at school"), which operates in all schools in the football country. The main goal of the national program is to strengthen and consolidate the practical relationship between school and the favorite activity of many children - playing football. The program enables children to play football at school and makes the game not only an element of sports selection, but also one of the tools for academic success of schoolchildren.
 For this purpose, the French Football Federation trained qualified specialists and provided schools with the necessary sports equipment, high-quality playing uniforms and methodological support. The main and emphasized essence of the program is focused on entertaining and educational aspects that involve in the process of playing football all children who dream of big football, regardless of gender and football playing skills or competitive achievements. The goal of this program is to involve the largest number of children in football lessons.
 The development structure of both youth and professional football in France is constantly being improved, including because it is economically and image-wise very profitable for French football clubs to invest in their future. After all, young talented players usually go to play on the basis of signed large professional contracts in the more powerful football leagues of Europe (England (EPL), Spain (Primera), Italy (Serie A), Germany (Bundesliga)), so a constant influx of qualified football personnel is needed in their place.

Anglo-European intelligence cooperation: Britain in Europe, Europe in Britain

Anglo-European intelligence cooperation: Britain in Europe, Europe in Britain

Issues and Problems of Muslim Minorities in Europe (A Case of British Muslim Community)

This piece of paper examines the existing position of Muslim minority in England with reference to their challenges, issues and problems, as well as this study reveals the solution and recommendations to solve these issues. The Muslims are one of the biggest communities of Europe in Britain. They are living and settled here since long. They have many important contributions in every field of life even the sitting Mayer of London is a Muslim. It doesn’t mean they have no problem. They are facing lots issues and discrimination in every field of life, especially they are being deprived in the field of economy. Practising Muslims face a wide variety of challenges, even they do not have enough freedom of religion, freedom to offer open prayer, build mosques, keep beard and wear traditional dress at work. Women wearing the veil caused all kinds of issues and are practically banned for certain jobs (e.g. teaching and the police). Islam has dietary requirements that can make deciding what’s acceptable and not acceptable but at work all Muslim workers are not being offered Halal food. Islam is deadly against interest but in the UK the Muslims are unable to avoid themselves from it as no job is interest free. It is perceived that the Muslim minority is politically, economically and socially deprived in the UK. Thus, it’s the dire need to solve the problems of the Muslim communities in all over the West especially in Britain. The analytical and critical research methodology is adopted with mix method approach in this study.

England in Europe: English Royal Women and Literary Patronage, c. 1000–c. 1150 by Elizabeth M. Tyler

<i>England in Europe: English Royal Women and Literary Patronage, c. 1000–c. 1150</i> by Elizabeth M. Tyler

England in Europe: English Royal Women and Literary Patronage, c.1000–c.1150,

England in Europe: English Royal Women and Literary Patronage, c.1000–c.1150,

Elizabeth M. Tyler . England in Europe. English Royal Women and Literary Patronage, c. 1000–c. 1150. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2017. Pp. 436. $95.00 (cloth).

Elizabeth M. Tyler . England in Europe. English Royal Women and Literary Patronage, c. 1000–c. 1150. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2017. Pp. 436. $95.00 (cloth).

England in Europe: English Royal Women and Literary Patronage, c.1000–c.1150. Elizabeth M. Tyler. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2017. xx + 436 pp. $95.

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Elizabeth M. Tyler, England in Europe. English Royal Women and Literary Patronage, c. 1000-1150

L’ouvrage d’Elizabeth M. Tyler vient a propos pour combler une lacune historiographique, celle du role culturel des femmes de la famille royale anglaise avant, pendant, et apres la Conquete de 1066. Si les travaux sur le « matronage » sont nombreux pour les trois derniers siecles du Moyen Âge, cette etude tres documentee et convaincante met en avant des portraits de reines qui ont largement faconne la vie intellectuelle de leur periode. Le point de depart de ce volume est une interrogation su...

Elizabeth M., Tyler. England in Europe: English Royal Women and Literary Patronage, c.1000-c.1150

<scp>Elizabeth M., Tyler</scp>. <i>England in Europe: English Royal Women and Literary Patronage, c.1000-c.1150</i>

England in Europe: English Royal Women and Literary Patronage, c. 1000–c. 1150 by Elizabeth M. Tyler

England in Europe: English Royal Women and Literary Patronage, c. 1000–c. 1150 by Elizabeth M. Tyler

Britain's Europe: a thousand years of conflict and cooperation. By Brendan Simms

Britain's Europe: a thousand years of conflict and cooperation. By Brendan Simms

Establishment theoretical of recommendation fertilization guide of vegetable crops in Algeria: concept and validation

The goal of fertilization is to meet the nutritional needs of plants by completing the supply of soil nutrients in an economically profitable and environmentally friendly. Achieving on-farm optimum economic crop yields of marketable quality with minimum adverse environmental impact requires close attention to fertilization guide. The recommendations seek to do this by ensuring that the available supply of plant nutrients in soil is judiciously supplemented by additions of nutrients in fertilizers. The objective is that crops must have an adequate supply of nutrients, and many crops show large and very profitable increases in yield from the correct use of fertilizers to supply nutrients. The main objective of this work is to establishing a reference guide of fertilization of vegetable crops and cereal in Algeria. To meet this objective, we have processes in two steps: 1) Establishment of theoretical fertilizer recommendation from international guide of crop fertilization; 2) Validation of these developed theoretical fertilizer recommendation by trials in the fields. Sixteen fertilization guides of vegetable crops from the Canadian provinces (5 guides), USA (10 guides) and countries of northern Europe England (1 guide). Generally, the rating of these recommendation is ranging from poor soil to soil exceedingly rich; however, the numbers of fertility classes are very different. Indeed, Quebec Ontario, Minnesota, Wisconsin New England, Maryland and Kentucky and Florida guides are subdivided into 5 fertility classes, ranging from poor soil to soil exceedingly rich. The recommendation of New Brunswick and Manitoba contain six classes. The recommendation of Michigan, Nova Scotia and England contain 10 and 7 fertility classes respectively. The recommendation fertilizer of New York and New Jersey have 3classes. Unlike the systems of fertilization recommendation mentioned above, the recommendation fertilizer of Pennsylvania is based on continuous models of P, K and contains 34 classes for P and 22 classes K. Then we standardized the P soil analysis with conversion equations (Olsen method) and units of measurement (kg/ha, mg/kg…).Following this procedure we transformed discontinued systems of fertility classes in to continuous models to facilitate comparison between the different fertilization recommendation models in one hand, in other hand to obtain critical value (CV).Finally, we used statistics of the conditional expectation in order to generate the theoretical recommendation fertilization guide of fertilization with 7 fertility classes (VL, L, M, MH, OP, H and VH). The next step was calibrating soil tests against yield responses to applied nutrient in field experiments. A database (not published data) from agriculture and agri-food Canada, were used. Production of pumpkin responded positively and significantly to P or K soil fertility levels, increases being observed with P more often than with K. According to the Cate-Nelson methods, the critical value of Olsen-P in the top 20 cm of soil was about 25 mg/kg: at values of greater than or equal to 25 mg/kg, crops achieved about 80% of their maximal yield in the absence of fertilizer application. The CV of K in soil for this crop was about 140 mg/kg. The CV found was very close to this generated by the theoretical method for recommendation of fertilization guide. Finally, we used the procedure of Cope and Rouse in both sides of the CV in order to make subdivisions of different groups of soil fertility. One calibrates the soil-test value against yield response to tile nutrient to predict fertilizer requirement.

Book reviews

Books reviewed in this issue International Relations theory The vulnerable in international society. By Ian Clark. Liberty abroad: J. S. Mill on International Relations. By Georgios Varouxakis. Wronged by empire: post-imperial ideology and foreign policy in India and China. By Manjari Chatterjee Miller. Interpreting international politics. By Cecelia Lynch. International organization, law and ethics The Routledge companion to alternative organization. Edited by Martin Parker, George Cheney, Valérie Fournier and Chris Land. Conflict, security and defence The gamble of war: is it possible to justify preventive war? By Ariel Colonomos. NATO in Afghanistan: fighting together, fighting alone. David P. Auerswald and Stephen M. Saideman. Just war: authority, tradition, and practice. Edited by Anthony F. Lang Jr, Cian O’Driscoll and John Williams. Counterinsurgency in crisis: Britain and the challenges of modern warfare. By David H. Ucko and Robert Egnell. Arguments that count: physics, computing, and missile defense, 1949–2012. By Rebecca Slayton. The discourse trap and the US military: from the war on terror to the surge. Jeffrey H. Michaels. Political economy, economics and development The dollar trap. By Eswar Prasad. Austerity: the history of a dangerous idea. By Mark Blyth. Development aid confronts politics: the almost revolution. By Thomas Carothers and Diane de Gramont. Energy, environment and global health The future is not what it used to be: climate change and energy security. By Jörg Friedrichs. The politics and institutions of global energy governance. Thijs van de Graaf. International history The new Cambridge history of American foreign relations, vol. 4: challenges to American primacy, 1945 to the present. By Warren I. Cohen. The Holocaust, fascism, and memory: essays in the history of ideas. By Dan Stone. Europe Britain in global politics, volume 1: from Gladstone to Churchill. Edited by Christopher Baxter, Michael L. Dockrill and Keith Hamilton. Britain in global politics, volume 2: from Churchill to Blair. Edited by John W. Young, Effie G. H. Pedaliu and Michael D. Kandiah. Transitional justice in post-communist Romania: the politics of memory. By Lavinia Stan. Europe's deadlock: how the euro crisis could be solved—and why it won’t happen. By David Marsh. The struggle for EU legitimacy. Public contestation, 1950–2005. Claudia Schrag Sternberg. Russia and Eurasia Russia 2025. Scenarios for the Russian future. Edited by Maria Lipman and Nikolay Petrov. Middle East and North Africa Toppling Qaddafi: Libya and the limits of liberal intervention. Christopher Chivvis. The Syria dilemma. Edited by Nader Hashemi and Danny Postel. Party politics and the prospects for democracy in North Africa. By Lise Storm. Sub-Saharan Africa A poisonous thorn in our hearts: Sudan and South Sudan's bitter and incomplete divorce. By James Copnall. Liberation movements in power: party and state in southern Africa. By Roger Southall. South Asia Magnificent delusions: Pakistan, the United States, and an epic history of misunderstanding. By Hussain Haqqani. No exit from Pakistan: America's tortured relationship with Islamabad. By Daniel Markey. The warrior state: Pakistan in the contemporary world. By T. V. Paul. East Asia and Pacific Contestation and adaptation: the politics of national identity in China. By Enze Han. North Korea in transition: politics, economy, and society. Edited by Kyung-ae Park and Scott Snyder. North America The Kennan diaries. Edited by Frank Costigliola. The empire trap: the rise and fall of U.S. intervention to protect American property overseas, 1893–2013. By Noel Maurer. What changed when everything changed: 9/11 and the making of national identity. By Joseph Margulies. Latin America and Caribbean Democratic Chile: the politics and policies of a historic coalition, 1990–2010. Edited by Kirsten Sehnbruch and Peter M. Siavelis. Política externa e democracia no Brasil: ensaio de interpretação histórica. By Dawisson Belém Lopes. In search of the Amazon: Brazil, the United States and the nature of a region. By Seth Garfield.

Facing Up to Britain's Europe Problems

The European Union is no longer a problem just to British government; it is now a problem to Europe's governors as well. This paper reviews distinctive ways in which the British government has attempted to address these interdependent problems. It also makes recommendations about what it might realistically do, because much of its content is drawn from the author's written submissions to British parliamentary committees on the 2011 EU referendum lock; the need for the British government to develop an EU policy that can be acceptable to other EU member states as well as to Conservative backbenchers; the challenge to foreign policy if Scotland became independent; and the challenge to the EU's capacity of applying rigorous standards when evaluating countries for further enlargement.

Europe and the making of England, 1660-1760

Introduction 1. Space: English confessional geography 2. Time: English confessional chronology 3. England in Europe: the rise of a great power 4. Europe in England: the opening of politics Conclusion: the paradox of peculiarity.

England in Europe

England in Europe

Musolff, Andreas: Mirror Images of Europe. Metaphors in the Public Debate about Europe in Britain and Germany

Musolff, Andreas: Mirror Images of Europe. Metaphors in the Public Debate about Europe in Britain and Germany

Reviews and Short Notices

Reviews and Short Notices

The medieval masses in honour of St Apollinaris of Ravenna

St Apollinaris is justly famous as patron of two splendid Early Christian churches in Ravenna, where he was first bishop : Sant' Apollinare in Classe, consecrated by Archbishop Maximian in 549 ; and Sant' Apollinare Nuovo, of the early sixth century. However, it will probably not be so well known that from the eleventh century almost every sacramentary and missal included a mass for his feast-day (23 july) as a matter of course, and that in northern Europe England alone used certain italian prayers. The aim of this paper is to provide a survey of the (numerous) masses that were assigned to the saint throughout the middle ages

England in Europe: Reflections on national identity and cultural theory

England in Europe: Reflections on national identity and cultural theory