Training Of Engineers Research Articles

Social engineering as a component of professional competence in information security of future computer science teachers

The article considers the actual problem of information security - social engineering. The authors investigate what social engineering is and its main methods, including phishing, vishing, baiting, and pretexting, and analyze the educational programs of the speciality "014.09 Secondary Education (Informatics)" regarding the availability of relevant competencies. The article analyzes data on the components of professional competencies in information security and social engineering of the leading educational institutions of the USA, the EU, and Ukrainian higher education institutions; based on the analyzed data provided in general, the relationship between training in cyber security and social engineering. The authors also explore the role of future computer science teachers in protecting students from the threats of social engineering. They note that a critical factor in this protection is teaching students to recognize and eliminate social engineering threats and how to protect their sensitive information.

Credit Risk Modelling for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Using Machine Learning

This study focuses on developing a credit risk model specifically designed for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) using advanced machine learning techniques. The purpose is to enhance the precision of credit risk assessments, providing financial institutions with reliable tools to gauge the likelihood of default among SMEs. The methodology includes data collection from traditional and alternative sources, followed by feature engineering and model training using algorithms such as logistic regression, decision trees, and neural networks. Results demonstrate significant improvements in predictive accuracy, enabling financial institutions to make data-driven lending decisions and manage risks more effectively. This model not only contributes to financial stability but also promotes increased access to credit for SMEs.

Engineering Training in the Structure of Higher Education and Professional Choice of Youth

The structural elements of the university network of engineers’ training and its demand in different social groups of young people are analyzed using statistical data, monitoring and sociological research results. Recent shift in the choice by school graduates towards engineering specialties is associated, first of all, with the expansion of employment and career opportunities, as well as the growing attractiveness of advanced technical qualifications. The concentration of personnel training for the development of breakthrough technologies in top, selective universities is effected by combining investments from the state budget, large corporations, the development of innovative forms of education, in particular within the framework of the Advanced Engineering Schools project, as well as investments of families with high cultural and economic capital to ensure competitiveness of future students. Successful training in mass engineering education programs in regional universities, where numbers of budgetary admission places have been increased since 2022, is hampered by a keen shortage of well-prepared school students-applicants. The best results are shown under the practice of attracting target social groups of young people while maintaining value of technical labor, for example, in various forms of mobilization via the track “School-SPO-engineering training in higher education institutions”.

Ion‐Beam‐Induced Biaxial Tensile Strain Engineering in Nanoscale Zinc Oxide Films on Silicon Dioxide

AbstractStrain engineering is a powerful tool for adjusting the electrical and optical properties of materials, particularly in 2D materials on flexible polymer substrates. However, current strain‐engineering techniques are primarily utilized for thin 2D materials on flexible substrates, with limited research on thicker materials on traditional substrates. In this study, the enhancement in electrical properties resulting from strain effects in 30‐nm‐thick ZnO films deposited on SiO2 wafers through N2 ion beam irradiation is proposed. The N2 ion beam, at an optimal energy level, induces strain in the underlying SiO2 layer, leading to a 2.5‐fold increase in the saturation mobility and charge‐carrier density of the overlying ZnO film. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the introduction of N2 molecules into the SiO2 crystal induces biaxial lattice expansion, which, in turn, strains the overlying ZnO film. These findings demonstrate the effective application of strain engineering in films of relatively large thickness, even on traditional substrates. It is anticipated that this strain engineering approach using ion‐beam irradiation will significantly broaden the range of applications for strain engineering technology.

Modern approach to computer modeling of functional 3d objects in the professional training of future engineers and vocational education teachers

This article examines the features of computer modeling of functional 3D objects using the SolidWorks software suite, which is an integral component in the training of future engineers and vocational education teachers. The SolidWorks software suite provides tools not only for creating three-dimensional models but also for analyzing the mechanical properties of parts and visualizing the technical condition of objects. This enables future engineers and vocational education teachers to better understand the principles of designing and analyzing complex part structures. A step-by-step algorithm for computer modeling has been developed, from creating a basic sketch to completing a three-dimensional model of a functional object. It has been established that the computer modeling process allows for the selection of appropriate tools and commands for creating geometric transformations of objects and setting parameters. This ensures high accuracy in constructing a computer model according to its geometric parameters. It has been established that the modern approach to computer modeling in the educational process demonstrates the implementation of innovative technological solutions to improve the quality of training in higher education institutions. It has been determined that the proposed approach will not only help future engineers and vocational education teachers develop practical skills but also contribute to a deeper understanding of engineering concepts.

Developing a Curriculum for Practical Skills-Based Pedagogy in Engineering Education: A Skills-Driven Teaching and Learning Approach for Job Transition Pathways Applicable in Engineering Training and Development for a University of Technology

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated a shift in focus for graduate engineering students, demanding their swift integration into the workforce. The Engineering Council of South Africa now stipulates that institutions must cultivate specific graduate attributes, particularly in the face of rapid economic and social transformations. This mandate prompts universities to equip engineers with the skills needed to seamlessly adapt to scarce skill positions and emerging roles within diverse disciplines dictated by industry demands. The evolving landscape is shaped by emerging technologies impacting production, manufacturing, and service sectors. Consequently, engineering graduates must acquire skills that facilitate a smooth transition into roles that align with their expertise. The imperative for universities is to fulfill the core mission of engineering education: fostering professionals capable of developing future technology to address upcoming challenges and produce technologists adept at solving present issues using current technology. This study employs a qualitative research method to explain and explore the training of engineers, ensuring that graduates possess the requisite attributes for a successful transition into new occupational roles aligned with industry needs. The focus of the research centers on analyzing the teaching interventions implemented in Industrial Engineering undergraduate programs at a university of technology.

Exploration and Practice on the Construction of Engineering Training Centers in Applied Undergraduate Universities

Based on the exploration of the reform and development practice of the Engineering Training Center, with the reform of talent cultivation concept as the core, the upgrading of teaching system and the drive of entrepreneurship education as the path, and the innovation and entrepreneurship education platform and entrepreneurship competition as the starting point, the focus is on cultivating students' self-learning ability, practical hands-on ability, innovative development ability, and ability to solve complex engineering problems, achieving the transformation of knowledge into ability. The practical results have shown that the Engineering Training Center has achieved significant results in cultivating students' innovation, practical skills, abilities, and engineering qualities.

Analyzing the Role and Impact of International Service-Learning Programs in Engineering Education: A Case Study from École Polytechnique de Bruxelles

This study examines the role and impact of international service learning (ISL) programs in engineering education, focusing on the Codepo initiative at the École polytechnique de Bruxelles. Our primary objective is to analyze how ISL programs contribute to the development of students’ technical skills and civic engagement. We describe the structure and implementation of the Codepo teaching unit, present findings from a survey conducted with 150 former students (123 answers), and analyze the results in terms of skills acquisition, added value, and lessons learned. Our findings highlight the significant benefits of ISL programs for engineering students and provide actionable insights for other institutions aiming to implement similar initiatives. Notably, our results show that international service learning, generating large commitment from the students, can contribute to an engineering school in several ways. This type of initiative aims not only to train engineers in the field of cooperation (or in other technical professions) but also to educate them as world citizens. The results also highlight that it is not enough to propose projects linked to cooperation to make it a service learning scheme: working on reflexivity, encouraging autonomy, and finding the right partners remain challenges.

Model of Bilingual Mathematics Teaching at a Technical University

The article highlights issues related to the implementation of bilingual education in Ukrainian technical universities. The study of this problem contributes to the training of engineering specialists who are able to carry out professional activities in the conditions of a foreign-language multicultural environment. The model and levels of implementation of bilingual higher mathematics teaching/learning for students of engineering and technical specialties is considered. It is noted that the system of bilingual education should be integrated into the general model of the organization of training engineering personnel in a specific specialty. The formation of a certain level of students' foreign language communicative competence is considered as a criterion for the allocation of training stages. The following stages of bilingual mathematics teaching/learning in technical university are distinguished: preparatory, transitional, actual bilingual. Each stage of bilingual teaching/learning is analyzed in detail from the following points: 1) direction of content (socio-cultural, mathematical, scientific), main unit of content (bilingual didactic element, bilingual subject-thematic module, discipline in a foreign language); 2) organizational forms and methods of training (integrated lectures and practical classes; conversation; project activity; information technologies; traditional, developing learning methods; elective course, special course or optional classes; text information activity; solving language tasks; methods of active learning; soft immersion; problem-based learning, independent work with educational and scientific literature); 3) the ratio of native and foreign languages (duplicative model, additive model, parity model and displacing model). The designed model of bilingual mathematics teaching/learning ensures the formation of bilingual subject competence in mathematics and provides an interdisciplinary synthesis of subject, linguistic, general technical (engineering) and cultural components.

Reshaping maintenance and asset management skills towards digital transformation in Portugal

The reshaping of civil engineering education and training has been found to enhance student performance and improve their skills when facing the challenges of the real world. The industry is asking for engineers with better communication and teamwork skills, and most importantly, a broader understanding of how to solve real working market problems and create value in the marketplace. Moreover, the professional research institutions throughout the world and particularly in Portugal, such as engineering schools, are beginning to integrate entrepreneurship and business concepts into their training options. The present paper intends to present an overview about the challenges for maintenance and asset management, education and training of future generations and reshaping of research institutions. Moreover, a proposal is presented for the reshaping of maintenance and asset management education and training considering Portugal´s needs. Additionally, the development of new approaches is presented, as well as a proposal for reshaping maintenance and asset management education and training: roadmap for Portugal needs. The main conclusions of the paper are also stated.

Using generative neural networks when training digital engineers to improve the quality of their training

The problem and the aim of the study. Modernized higher education provides great prospects for artificial intelligence technologies to be introduced when training engineers for knowledge-intensive and high-tech industries. Applying generative neural networks makes it possible to meet the requirements both for programs to train relevant specialists and for the level of developed skills key to Industry 4.0 and for further Industry 5.0. The purpose of the study is to identify the possibilities of using generative neural networks when training digital engineers to improve the quality of their professional training. Research methods. The authors consider the generative neural network as an open resource with which it is possible to design, individualize and fill educational content in accordance with the professional interests of the participants in the interaction. The choice of service is justified by the type of information being processed and the engineer's work function being implemented. 68 bachelors of Vyatka State University are involved (Russian Federation). Training program: 08.03.01 – Construction. Focus: hydraulic engineering, industrial and civil engineering, Digital technologies for the examination of construction sites and real estate management. The assessment of the quality (level) of training is carried out with the help of materials from the fund of complex qualification tasks. For statistical processing of data, Pearson's chi-squared test is used. Results. The directions of work of students of the experimental group studying the discipline "Information Technology", including interactive communication supported by neural networks: generation of images and 3D-models, search for original titles, selection of a list of references, construction of diagrams and algorithms, etc. Statistically significant differences were revealed in the changes that occurred in the pedagogical system (χ2 = 9.095; p < 0.05). Conclusion. The summary are formulated that neural network services contribute to improving the quality of training due to the following didactic capabilities: presentation of information in various forms, automation of calculations, analysis of large amounts of data, decision support, etc. Difficulties are also highlighted: constantly updated features of services, the English-language interface, compliance with copyright and ethics of interaction on the network

АНАЛІЗ ЯКОСТІ ЗЕРНОВОЇ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКОЇ ПРОДУКЦІЇ ХМЕЛЬНИЧЧИНИ

The demand for specialists in the field of chemistry and chemical engineering capable of solving applied management tasks at industry enterprises with the aim of developing environmental protection chemical technologies became the reason for starting the training of such specialists within the walls of the Khmelnytskyi National University (KhNU). Educational program (ЕP) Chemical technologies and engineering is the only one for this specialty in Khmelnytskyi region, therefore the industry and regional contexts are the basis of the goal and objectives of training specialists in chemical technologies. One of the mandatory components of the master's training in chemical technologies and engineering is "Quality of raw materials and products of chemical technologies". As you know, the lion's share of industrial production in our country is the production and processing of agricultural products, and Khmelnytskyi region is traditionally one of the leaders in the production of grain crops throughout Ukraine. The following factors affect the quality of grain in the Khmelnytskyi region. A wide range of varieties of grain crops adapted to local conditions are grown in the region. Modern growing technologies, use of fertilizers and plant protection products contribute to obtaining high-quality grain. A favorable climate contributes to the accumulation of nutrients in grain. Fertile soils of the region ensure high yield and quality of grain. Regular control of grain quality in the Khmelnytsky region is subject to constant control with the help of laboratory tests. Grain produced in the region, as a rule, meets the requirements of state standards of Ukraine and international standards. Thus, іn order to ensure the high quality of grain indicators, it is necessary to introduce a system of ensuring and controlling the quality of raw materials and products of the agricultural industry at a sufficiently high level. For these reasons, it is expedient at the department of chemistry and chemical engineering within the educational component "Quality of raw materials and products of chemical technologies" ЕР of the master's level to participate, among other tasks, in the examination and quality control of cereals. This applies both to the study of the regulatory framework for grain quality assurance and control, and to laboratory research methods, most of which are possible with the available material and technical support of the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering.

Using Peer Assessment Leveraging Large Language Models in Software Engineering Education

This paper explores the integration of generative AI and large language models into the realm of software engineering education and training, with a specific focus on the transformation of traditional peer assessment methodologies. The motivation stems from the growing demand for innovative educational techniques that can effectively engage and empower learners in mastering Software Engineering principles. The proposed approach involves presenting students with modeling exercises solved by ChatGPT, prompting them to critically evaluate and provide constructive feedback on the generated solutions. By engaging students in a dialogue with the AI model, we aim to foster a dynamic learning environment where learners can articulate their considerations and insights, thereby enhancing their comprehension of software engineering principles, critical thinking and self evaluation skills. Preliminary results from pilot implementations indicate promising outcomes, suggesting that this approach not only enhances the quality of peer feedback but also contributes to a more interactive and engaging educational experience.

Self-Assessment of Skills Gap by University Graduates, or What Is Not Taught in Higher Education

The purpose of the paper is to analyse the perceptions of recent university graduates about skills gap; to identify the factors that determine the evaluation of the skill as insufficient. The empirical basis of the study is the microdata of the All-Russian survey of graduates who received secondary professional and higher education, conducted by Rosstat in April-September 2021. In order to solve the tasks, a subsample was formed, including employed respondents with higher education (9684 people). Methods of data analysis are descriptive, cluster and regression analysis. It has been established that at the beginning of careers graduates almost equally experience a lack of hard and soft skills. Among the leaders in scarcity there were both hard (professional (technical) skills and the ability to use professional documentation) and soft skills (stress resistance, the ability to take responsibility and multitasking). It is shown that the lack of professional (hard) skills and knowledge is more likely to be reported by graduates working in “technological” sectors (industry, construction, transport), as well as educated in mass areas of training (engineering and technology, economics and management, pedagogy). Working in a specialty increases the likelihood of assessing the majority of hard skills as scarce. The perception of many soft skills (communication, the ability to teamwork, take responsibility, self-management) as insufficient decreases with age. A universal factor that is significant for assessing hard and soft skills as scarce is recognition of knowledge and skills as important for the satisfactory performance of job duties. The obtained results can be used to improve the subject content of training programs in universities, in the development of areas of work with young professionals in companies.

HARNESSING GROUP THEORY FOR SIMPLIFIED ELECTRIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

Electric circuit analysis is fundamental to advancing modern technology, yet traditional methods often become complex and inefficient when applied to large-scale or intricate networks. Group theory, a branch of abstract algebra renowned for its capacity to exploit symmetry, has shown promise as a solution to this challenge. By applying group theoretical principles to circuit analysis, particularly through symmetry operations and transformation groups, engineers can simplify complex systems, reducing computational demands and revealing deeper insights into circuit behavior. Through systematic symmetry-based simplifications, group theory can decrease the number of equations required by up to 40% in certain configurations, enhancing both analytical efficiency and practical implementation. However, challenges include the mathematical complexity inherent to group theory, the limitations in analyzing highly irregular or nonlinear circuits, and the need for compatible computational tools. Recommendations include the integration of group theoretical approaches into standard circuit analysis software, focused training for electrical engineers, and further research to address the application of these methods in emerging technologies such as quantum and neuromorphic computing. Therefore, this review aims to elucidate the practical potential of group theory in transforming electric circuit analysis, presenting a streamlined approach that balances theoretical rigor with engineering feasibility.

Cloud-Based Automatic Configuration and Disaster Recovery of Communication Systems Applied in Engineering Training

Network management and troubleshooting require not only a grasp of advanced concepts but also the development of analytical and problem-solving skills. To bridge this gap, this paper introduces a novel network administration system, DRACSC (Spanish acronym for device for automatic recovery and configuration of communication systems), designed for the automatic configuration and disaster recovery of communication equipment. This system transcends the limitations of current hardware and software solutions by combining their advantages, boasting portability, automated functions, and a cloud-based repository as its main features. The DRACSC system, undergoing a comprehensive large-scale evaluation involving diverse user groups across multiple institutions, was tested with 89 users, including students and teachers at educational centers and ICT (Information and Communication Technology) professionals. The benefits of the system were evaluated through a training program based on simulated real-world ICT environments, focusing on both quantitative results on the reduction in time to complete user tasks, as well as qualitative results on the interface and usability of the system. Statistical analysis, including Welch’s t-test on opinion surveys, indicated a significant increase in knowledge and understanding, demonstrating the system’s potential to enhance education and practice. Moreover, the evaluation shed light on the user experience, with positive impacts observed for learning and teaching implications. As a result, the study has verified that the system has the potential to significantly influence network management practices, enhancing both learning and professional application through improved efficiency and usability.

Assessing the Impact of Traditional and Modular Learning Models in Software Engineering Professional Education

The traditional approach to modern software engineering training often emphasizes theoretical knowledge and practical skills within the context of long-term courses, some lasting up to 2 academic terms. However, in recent years, the modular approach has been gaining popularity. This approach offers a more flexible and focused structure, typically lasting only about 2 months, allowing learners to concentrate on specific topics and skills. Тhis paper presented а pedagogical experiment, the analysis of which confirms that the study subjects taught using the modular approach statistically achieved significantly higher scores in the areas of programming, software architecture and software testing compared to students taught using the traditional approach.

Cybersecurity in Prognostics and Health Management

PHM continues to show its value by improving operational efficiencies, increasing safety, reducing downtime, and decreasing cost of operations. PHM technologies are therefore not only being deployed as retrofit solutions but are being integrated into new systems as standard practice. Deployment covers areas such as medical equipment, nuclear power plants, aeronautics applications, oil and gas, mining, and many others. As the impact of PHM increases, it is imperative to also consider the potential vulnerabilities that are being exposed. Hackers have famously used Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) systems to sabotage industrial facilities. As such, it is important to understand the exposure to malfeasance to ensure that PHM does not end up being the enabling mechanism for unauthorized access to the system it is meant to keep in running order. It is also important to understand the measures that need to be taken to avoid or respond to an attack. These range from extensive penetration testing to conducting extensive counter-social engineering training, setting up a PHM-specific CERT plan and team in place. This paper discusses various threats that are emerging and that may have to be considered when designing a PHM solution. Additionally, the NIST cybersecurity framework is discussed in the context of PHM. Finally, this paper looks at the diagnostic capabilities of PHM systems to detect cyber security attacks and to contain these threats.

Evaluation of the Implementation of Project-Based-Learning in Engineering Programs: A Review of the Literature

Project-Based Learning (PBL), as an experiential methodology, improves learning outcomes and competencies (technical and non-technical) in engineering students. The Conceive–Design–Implement–Operate (CDIO) approach, adopted globally in engineering education, is based on PBL but expands the curriculum framework. Developed by MIT and the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Sweden, CDIO focuses on the entire life cycle of engineering projects to train engineers so that they are capable of applying knowledge in real-life situations. Integrating CDIO and PBL into engineering curricula requires changes in teaching methodologies, teacher training and workspaces. The literature has explored their combination, highlighting shared values and mutual reinforcements. An assessment model is crucial for implementing PBL and evidencing improvement in student and course skills. Only through assessment and the cycle of continuous improvement will the adoption of PBL in engineering programs be advanced. A systematic review of the literature is proposed to identify effective methods in the evaluation of educational programs based on PBL, analyzing related research areas and evaluations according to the CDIO approach.

Analysis of the use of intelligent education technologies

The article presents an analysis and prospects for the application of intelligent technologies in the field of education. In the study, the author made an attempt to experimentally test the effectiveness of pedagogical conditions for the use of intelligent educational technologies in the training of marine engineers and transport logistics specialists. The experimental search work on the use of intelligent educational technologies (IOT) in the context of educational platforms Google Meet, Discord, EIOS in the course of training in the discipline "Freight forwarding services" is summarized.