Mechanical Engineers Research Articles

Exploring Emergent Nanotechnology Applications in Mechanical and Health Engineering

Abstract: Nanotechnology is a promising area of research in science and technology with potential benefits in automotive, aircraft, construction, energy, healthcare, agriculture, food processing, although it has its own risks in environmental sustainability. Recent advances in this area have stimulated research and their applications in different fields, with important results in mechanical engineering and health engineering. The aim of this article is to give an overview of some recent advances of nanotechnology, exploring emerging applications of these typical technologies. Examples of some successful practical applications in mechanical and healthcare engineering based on this technology are given, and an analysis of the prospects and main problems of this area is also conducted. Furthermore, mechanical engineers and health professionals would find this review valuable in updating their knowledge on the latest developments in nanotechnology applications.

Ecological Consequences of Changes in the Territorial and Branch Structure of Moscow Manufacturing Industry in 1990–2023

The peculiarities of the dynamics of the volume and structure of emissions from manufacturing enterprises in Moscow in 1990–2023 have been revealed. It is noted that the economic process of deindustrialization in the 1990s–2000s has been replaced in recent years by a small reverse process of reindustrialization, with an increase in the diversity of sectoral structure, and a change in the role and internal structure of machine building and chemical industry. The decrease of manufacturing industry output was noticed, while pollution from large enterprises producing products necessary for the city was preserved; at the same time, the rates of decrease in specific pollution for these enterprises have slowed down in recent years. It is concluded that during periods of crisis and recession there is a faster change in industrial structure compared to the change in pollution structure, and that during the recovery phase the pollution structure changes faster, largely due to the fact that industries are expanded initially without adequate expansion of treatment systems.

Correction to: A Simple Model of Stirling Machine (Engine) with Free Working Piston

Correction to: A Simple Model of Stirling Machine (Engine) with Free Working Piston

CEST conversation with Prof. Marc A. Rosen: Evolving responsibilities and contributions in science and engineering for global carbon neutrality transitions

Prof. Marc A. Rosen is a Professor of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering at Ontario Tech University (formally University of Ontario Institute of Technology) in Oshawa, Canada, where he served as founding Dean of the Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science. Prof. Rosen has served as President of the Engineering Institute of Canada and of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering. He has received numerous awards and honors, including an Award of Excellence in Research and Technology Development from the Ontario Ministry of Environment and Energy, the Engineering Institute of Canada Smith Medal for achievement in the development of Canada, and the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering Angus Medal for outstanding contributions to the management and practice of mechanical engineering. Prof. Rosen received a distinguished scholar award from Toronto Metropolitan University (formerly Ryerson University) and a Mid-Career Award from University of Toronto. He is a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, the Engineering Institute of Canada, the Canadian Academy of Engineering, the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and the International Energy Foundation.

Особенности тонкой структуры Ni-Al покрытий, полученных методом HV-APS

Introduction. Development of Ni-Al intermetallic compounds is one of the priority directions of modern machine building. Due to such characteristics as high heat resistance, high temperature strength, and low density, nickel aluminides are used as functional coatings in the aerospace industry. The main methods of Ni-Al coating surfacing are High-Velocity Oxygen-Fuel and High-Velocity Air-Fuel spraying (HVOF and HVAF), atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) and its modification such as High-Velocity Atmospheric Plasma spraying (HV-APS) which provides non-equilibrium cooling conditions. Since there are eight different intermetallic compounds, as well as martensite transformation, Ni-Al coatings is quite interesting to study. The work purpose is to study the features of the martensitic structure in HV-APS coatings, and also to establish the effect of heating temperature on its decomposition. Materials and methods. Ni-Al coatings were surfaced onto a low-carbon steel substrate using the HV-APS method. Studies of the fine structure of the coatings were carried out using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, the influence heating temperature on structural transformations of the coatings was analyzed. Results and discussion. Two types of particles are formed in HV-APS coatings: with a dendritic and granular structure. The most part of HV-APS coatings consists of particles with a two-phase grain structure (NiхAl1-х and γ'-Ni3Al grains). Only NiхAl1-x grains undergo martensitic transformation at cooling. Martensite in large grains (sizes greater than 500 nm) has a lamellar structure, while small grains are completely transformed into one martensite plate. In addition, the coatings contain grains in which martensite plates (NiхAl1-х) and β-phases alternated. It is shown the behavior of martensitic plates at colliding with each other, as well as with the γ′-Ni3Al grain. Heating up to 400 °C contribute the begins of martensite decomposition in individual grains with the release of a secondary phase; after heating up to 600 °C all martensite dissolves.

Import substitution of elevator equipment in public procurements: problems and directions of stimulation

The problem of import substitution is relevant for any country, taken into account the requirements of its economic self-sufficiency, independence on the situation at the international markets and on geopolitical changes. For Ukraine in the state of full-scale war, this task is important from the viewpoints of economic resilience and security. For this reason, the Government determined the substitution of import components in public procurements as one of the priorities of its activity. Solving this problem will be important for the projects associated with the procurement for the recovery of infrastructure in post-war period. The sector of elevator equipment production has a significant industrial potential for the post-war recovery of infrastructure in Ukraine. Extension of industrial capacity of this segment of machine building in order to cover the domestic market requirements in post-war recovery period will enable new job creation and will provide a multiplicative effect based on the development of complementary suppliers of production components. However, a number of problems prevents Ukrainian elevator equipment producers from winning in public procurements. The goal of the article is to substantiate the reasonability and to determine the directions and stimulating measures for elevator equipment import substitution in public procurements in Ukraine. The market of elevator equipment of Ukraine has been analyzed. The capacity of Ukrainian elevator equipment producers to compete at the domestic market has been assessed based on price, warranty terms, cost of warranty service, and quality of equipment. Public procurement of elevator equipment and maintenance services in “Prozorro” system has been studied. It was found that about 70 % of public procurements of elevator equipment account for the purchases of imported equipment from Turkey and China. The problems of domestic producers of elevator equipment preventing them from winning the public procurement have been explained. The multiplicative effect from the increase of public procurements of elevator equipment from national producers has been assessed. This proves the reasonability to stimulate import substitution of elevator equipment in public procurements. The directions and measures of elevator equipment import substitution stimulation in public procurements in Ukraine have been suggested.

Evaluating the implementation of the mechanical engineering student skills competency

This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the Expertise Competency Test (UKK) for students of Vocational High Schools (SMK) in the Machining Engineering Expertise Program implemented by the First Party Professional Certification Agency (LSP P1) in Banten Province. The evaluation was conducted using the CIPP model (Context, Input, Process, Product, and Outcome). This study is useful for assessing the performance of LSP P1 in implementing the UKK and evaluating the impact of UKK graduates on their acceptance in the industrial world. The research was conducted in three vocational schools in Banten Province with the research subjects including the head of LSP P1, the head of the machining engineering expertise programme, and competency assessors. The research instruments used were questionnaires, observations, documents and interviews, which had been validated by expert judgement. The data analysis technique used was descriptive quantitative. The results showed that the implementation of UKK by LSP P1 in Banten vocational schools received the following evaluations: 1) Context aspect scored 3.36 (very good category), 2) Input aspect scored 3.47 (very good category), 3) Process aspect scored 3.36 (very good category), 4) Product aspect scored 3.26 (very good category), and 5) Outcome aspect scored 2.94 (good category). In conclusion, the implementation of the UKK by LSP P1 in the Machining Engineering Expertise Programme at SMK Banten Province has been running very well in most aspects, although there is room for improvement in the Outcome aspect related to the impact of graduates in the industrial world. The contribution of this research is to provide an overview of the effectiveness of expertise competency certification in SMKs as well as input to improve the quality of graduates who are better prepared to compete in the world of work.

Hybrid of non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II and invasive weed optimization for fan duct surface heat exchanger configuration optimization design

In this research, configuration optimization was conducted for FDSHX (fan duct surface heat exchanger) that is a new type of heat exchanger adopted in aero-engine heat management in recent years. Firstly, a method of Taguchi-ANFIS (Taguchi-Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System), which can reduce training data volume utilizing orthogonal experimental matrix, was proposed to construct a rapid response mathematical model between three configuration parameters, including fin pitch, fin thickness, and oil passages number, and two design indicators, including heat transfer capacity and operating weight, based on the data prepared by an experimental validated FDSHX heat transfer capacity calculation method using heat transfer unit simulation. Secondly, a hybrid method of NSGA II-IWO (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II-Invasive Weed Optimization), which can simultaneously obtain the strong abilities of exploration and escaping from trap into local optima, was proposed to drive the constructed response mathematical model to enhance heat transfer through adjusting the three configuration parameters. Optimization comparison was performed between NSGA II-IWO and four classic optimization algorithms including GA (Genetic Algorithm), IWO (Invasive Weed Optimization), CA (Cultural Algorithm), and HS (Harmony Search). This research provides an integrated solution to help mechanical engineers improve the applicability and reasonableness of FDSHX design.

Verification and Validation of CFD analysis for 1/7th scale model of APR1400 for CVAP

This paper presents a methodology for analyzing the internal flow of the APR1400 Reactor Vessel Internals (RVI) using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The Comprehensive Vibration Assessment Program (CVAP) is performed to verify the structural integrity of reactor internals for flow-induced vibrations prior to the commercial operation of nuclear power plants. To classify the APR1400 as a valid prototype, it is necessary to demonstrate through successful CVAP that there are no adverse effects. In this study, CFD is used to calculate the local velocity and flow distribution to generate the forcing functions caused by turbulent flow for analysis programs in the CVAP. The Verification &Validation (V&V) procedure recommended by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) is performed to verify the accuracy of CFD based on reliability, and it is compared with tests on a scale model. This paper provides valuable insights into the analysis and V&V process for CVAP using CFD, which can help ensure the safe and reliable operation of nuclear power plants.

Overview of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessels, U stamps Certification for Pressure Vessels

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Code and Sections are important for the design, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems and components. This paper will present importance of ASME U stamp certification which is crucial for ensuring Boiler and Pressure Vessels quality, safety, and compliance with industry standards. ASME U stamp certification which is accepted across the more than 100 nations. This paper also covers ASME U stamp requirements, Certificate duration, Certification processes, and application of U stamp and importance of Single Certification Mark for U stamp

Программный комплекс обработки данных спутниковой альтиметрии космической геодезической системы «ГЕО-ИК-2»

The Central Research Institute for Machine Building JSC has created a software package for processing primary satellite altimetry data of the “GEO-IK-2” space geodetic system, adapted for high-performance computing systems. The software package performs step-by-step multi-level processing of measuring and auxiliary information with sequential recording of intermediate and final results in a database. The technology of processing level 0 data received from the spacecraft up to and including level 2 has been implemented. The article provides information about the input data used at different levels of processing, about the algorithms and functionality of the software package. In the process of debugging the software package on high-performance computing systems all the valid data of the “GEO-IK-2” space geodetic system from 2018 to 2022 were processed for the first time. The developed software package should serve as a prototype of the satellite altimetry data processing subsystem of the ground-based special complex of the promising new generation space geodetic system

Ensuring of technological sovereignty of Russia in metallurgy and machine building

Ensuring of technological sovereignty of Russia in metallurgy and machine building

ПРЕИМУЩЕСТВА КИНЕМАТИЧЕСКОЙ АВТОНОМНОСТИ ТРАНСПОРТНО-ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ МАШИН

The efficiency of transport and technological machines is largely determined by the magnitude of the translational speed of the executive working units. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the efficiency of transport and technological machines, mobile units with kinematic autonomy of their components. Machine units, in which mobile power means, the implement frame and the executive working units have kinematic autonomy, differ in the directions of movement, their shift in time and space, and the magnitude of speed. The multi-channel power take-off of the power plant, the time-shifted process of entry into operation of the components of the mobile unit, executive working units, and the use of a wheeled propulsion device with a built-in differential contribute to achieving the goal. In a wheel differential, the points of application of vertical load, longitudinal pushing force and driving torque are separated from the axis of rotation of the propulsion unit. A combined soil-cultivating working unit - a mechanism with a spring mole handler, self-adapting to changes in the longitudinal hardness of the soil by automatically changing the geometric dimensions, a wheel differential contributes to the smooth acceleration of the mobile unit, preventing its engine from reaching overload mode, allowing you to control the pressure in the contact patch of the wheel with the supporting surface. The process of interaction of the modernized wheel with the supporting surface is influenced by the gear ratio of the built-in gearbox and the automatic switching of its operating mode. The research methodology is based on a systematic analysis of factors that have a cause-and-effect relationship with the quality and energy performance of mobile units and their wheeled propulsors. The advantages of a transport-technological unit with kinematic autonomy of its components are the formation of additional tangential force and torque on the propulsion unit, automatic change of the gear ratio of the built-in wheel gearbox, smooth starting of the unit, prevention of slipping of the propulsion units and the engine entering overload mode. In connection with the above, all other things being equal, the required power of the internal combustion engines of transport and technological machines with kinematic autonomy of the components can be reduced by 8-10%.

Comparative analysis of production function models of the machine building and metalworking industry in the Samara region

The published article is devoted to the development and identification of mathematical models of the functioning of the mechanical engineering and metalworking industry in the Samara region. The initial data of official statistics on the results of the functioning of the mechanical engineering and metalworking industry of the Samara region in the period from 1965 to 2021 have been collected and systematized. The parameters of Cobb-Douglas production functions have been identified at various study intervals in versions of the original and smoothed actual statistical data. Both the entire time period of the study and individual local intervals of stable and crisis functioning of the analyzed production system were considered as parameter identification intervals. The values of the parameters of production functions were calculated for different periods of the study and the qualitative characteristics of the obtained model solutions were calculated. A comparative analysis of the parameters and characteristics of the resulting models was carried out. Identification of unknown parameters considered in the work of production functions was carried out using the least squares method. The study used official statistical data from the Samara Regional Committee of State Statistics as empirical material.

Actual Problems of Creating Digital Twins of Machine Engineering Products in Terms of Durability Assessment

Actual Problems of Creating Digital Twins of Machine Engineering Products in Terms of Durability Assessment

What is Mechanical Engineering?

Abstract In a World of Diverse Challenges, Mechanical Engineers are Developing the Solutions. Their Contributions Have Never Been as Valuable As They are Today. “Almost everyone comes into contact with the products of mechanical engineering on a daily basis, but very few people—including some engineers themselves—can provide a succinct explanation of what mechanical engineering is. ”

Implementing active learning in a teaching–learning sequence on rolling motion for mechanical engineers

In this work, we describe a teaching–learning sequence (TLS) on rolling motion, designed and implemented within a Physics 1 course for Mechanical Engineers. The TLS was grounded in Physics Education Research findings and employed active learning strategies, particularly simulation-based exercises that included both conceptual questions and quantitative tasks. We detail and reflect on the development process of the TLS, focussing in particular on the alignment between the identified learning goals and the proposed instructional activities. We present data on students’ attainment of these learning goals, utilizing a post-instruction conceptual survey and an analysis of students’ performance in the final exam. Our research aims to contribute to the implementation of research-based, active learning sequences in large-enrollment contexts, specifically in those courses where both conceptual understanding and formal problem solving are valued.

Implementasi Model Project Based Learning terhadap Hasil Belajar pada Mata Pelajaran Produk Kreatif dan Kewirausahaan (PKK) pada Kelas XI Jurusan Teknik Pemesinan di SMK Negeri 2 Dumai

Vocational education is designed to develop skills, abilities, understanding, teamwork attitudes and an appreciation that includes the knowledge and information needed by a worker to enter and make progress in a useful and productive job. Factors that support the creation of quality graduates are found in the subjects of Creative Products and Entrepreneurship. This study aims to analyze the Implementation of the Project Based Learning Model on Learning Outcomes in Creative Products and Entrepreneurship (PKK) Subjects in Class XI of the Machining Engineering Department at SMK Negeri 2 Dumai. This research is a class action research (PTK) or often also called classroom action research. This Jhon Elliot model classroom action research consists of pre-cycle, first cycle and second cycle to achieve the desired results. This study uses an instrument in the form of an assessment rubric that is used to see student learning outcomes in creative product and entrepreneurship subjects with the application of project-based learning models referring to the results of projects made by students. Based on the results of research and discussion, class action research on the subject of Creative Products and Entrepreneurship in class XI Machining Engineering SMK N 2 Dumai can be concluded as follows. 1) Efforts to improve learning outcomes using project-based learning models in class XI TP in the subject of Creative Products and Entrepreneurship have been successfully implemented and are able to improve student learning outcomes at SMK Negeri 2 Dumai. 2) With the project-based learning model, teachers have other choices in determining learning models so that it can be a solution in improving student learning outcomes.

Moisture‐modulated thermo‐physical analysis of sweetsop seed (Annona squamosa L.): A potential biofuel feedstock plant

AbstractSweetsop seed holds significant economic value as an oil seed, with ca. 25% oil content that finds applications as a feedstock for energy generation. The moisture‐modulated thermophysical properties of the seed were determined at varying moisture contents (8.0%–32.5%). Physical properties (length [L], width [W], thickness [T], arithmetic [Amd], and geometric mean diameters [Gmd], sphericity [Sty], surface area [SA], and bulk density [ρd]) were determined using standard methods while the thermal properties (specific heat capacity [SHC], thermal conductivity [Tcd], and thermal diffusivity [Tdf]) were analyzed using a TEMPOS thermal analyzer. The results showed that the seed L, W, T, Amd, and Gmd, Sty, SA, and ρd ranged from 13.22–14.95 mm, 7.32–7.95 mm, 5.25–5.35 mm, 8.60–8.75 mm, and 7.96–8.11 mm, 0.61–0.60, 196.72–205.28 mm2, and 210.00–270.00 kg m−3, respectively. The SHC, Tcd, and Tdf ranged from 0.14–0.52 J kg−1 K−1, 0.17–0.35 W m−1 K−1, and 0.10–0.20 m2 s−1, respectively. The ANOVA results indicated that the thermo‐physical properties studied were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affected by moisture content. By utilizing the determined properties, engineers can develop efficient machines to harness the economic potential of sweetsop seed oil in various industries, including biofuel generation.Practical applicationsThe thermal and physical properties of sweetsop seed are needed by agricultural and mechanical engineers and food scientists to explore the potential application of the seed and the seed product, like oil for industrial and commercial purposes. Data obtained on the specific heat capacity of the seed would be valuable in designing of heating compartment of an oil expeller, thermal conductivity and diffusivity would be needed to design drying systems that balance efficiency and quality preservation, facilitate efficient removal of moisture from the seed while minimizing the risk of over‐drying or under‐drying. Thus, affects the design of the seed storage systems. Data on the seed axial dimensions, sphericity, mean diameters, surface area, and bulk density would be useful in the design and fabrication of agricultural equipment like sheller, grinder, packaging machines, discharge chute, aperture, and planter, to ensure proper seed placement, flow and to determine machine throughput capacity.

Mechanical vibration's effect on thermal management module of Li-ion battery module based on phase change material (PCM) in a high-temperature environment

PCM-based systems play a crucial role in managing the thermal conditions of electric vehicle (EV) battery modules, a critical aspect in ensuring their optimal performance. However, an often overlooked facet in current research is the impact of mechanical vibration on EV battery modules during real-world driving scenarios. Addressing this gap, the current article takes a pioneering approach, drawing inspiration from the groundbreaking study by Du and Chen in 2023. This study delves into the effects of mechanical vibration on a PCM-based Battery Thermal Management System (BTMS) specifically adapted for battery modules operating in high-temperature environments. The results, shedding light on a previously underestimated factor, unveil the remarkable ability of mechanical vibration to ameliorate the surge in temperature within the battery module, particularly under high discharge rates. An unprecedented revelation surfaces as mechanical vibration emerges as a factor influencing the thickness of the encapsulated PCM, offering a unique avenue for augmenting the energy density of the powertrain. In this challenging thermal environment, mechanical vibration fosters temperature uniformity among batteries and curtails heat accumulation within the battery module. Remarkably, when the vibration amplitude surpasses a critical threshold, the impact of amplitude variations becomes negligible. Moreover, the intricate relationship between vibration frequency and temperature change complicates the scenario, with medium to high frequencies demonstrating a propensity to enhance the management system's overall thermal performance. These groundbreaking findings transcend the theoretical realm, offering tangible insights with immense implications for practical design and application. By recognizing and harnessing the potential benefits of mechanical vibration, engineers and designers can optimize BTMS, paving the way for more efficient and resilient EV battery modules.