Performance Characteristics Of Engine Research Articles

Investigation of engine performance, exhaust emissions, and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with Adansonia digitata methyl ester doped with nanosilica additive extracted from agricultural waste

AbstractRecent studies have used nanoparticle additions to enhance the fuel properties of biodiesel. However, it is unclear how these additives would affect engine operation. The effects of commercial nanoadditives on engines have been the subject of several studies. The current study focuses on nanoparticles derived from agricultural waste – specifically rice husk (RH) – to enhance their value. This study therefore examined silica (SiO2) doped with Adansonia digitata methyl ester (ADME) and tested it in a diesel engine. All nanofuel blends were prepared using an ultrasonication process, incorporating 400 ppm of SiO2 nanoparticles, fuels, and 1% surfactants. The results revealed that the brake thermal efficiencies (BTE) at maximum brake power (BP), for B20, B20 + SiO2, B100, and B100 + SiO2 fuels, were 29.9%, 28.2%, 28.44%, and 27.1%, respectively. Brake‐specific fuel consumption (BSFC) was also reduced when the engine ran from 4 to 16 kW BP. The exhaust gas temperature (EGT) of B100 and B100 + SiO2 increased more than that of B20. The peak heat release rates (HRR) of the B100 + SiO2 and B20 + SiO2 were slightly higher by 2.9% and 2.6%, respectively than the neat B100 at medium BP. However, in‐cylinder gas pressure (CGP) increased in the following order: B20 + SiO2 < B20 < B100 < B100 + SiO2 < B0. Moreover, the exhaust emissions of nanofuel blends showed a greater reduction in CO, total hydrocarbon (THC), CO2, NOX, and particulate matter (PM) in comparison with B20 and B100. Overall, this study recommends that SiO2 nanoadditive is a beneficial substitute fuel additive to use with biodiesel and its blends due to enhanced engine performance efficiency and reduced emissions.

Predicting combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine utilising coconut oil methyl ester and MoO3 nanoparticles

The present study used a blend of biofuel and nanoparticles to examine the effectiveness and emission properties of a four-stroke, single-cylinder, direct-injection diesel engine with an injection pressure of 250 bar. The use of MoO3 in biodiesel enhances its environmental sustainability and dependability, making it a promising substitute for traditional diesel fuel. The study emphasises the ecological advantages of using a combination of coconut oil and MoO3 to accomplish the production of renewable energy. MoO3 nanoparticles ultimately function as an oxidation catalyst, enhancing combustion. A study with MoO3 nanoparticles at 50 and 100 ppm concentrations was carried out. Utilising a photo spectrometer, stability was determined. The CI engine demonstrated improved thermal efficiency and reduced Fuel Consumption compared to diesel, both at full load conditions and at 64.5 bar pressure. The performance, combustion, and emission parameters were precisely forecasted using Design Expert, exhibiting a robust connection with the testing results. The Rb values for Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC), Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE), Peak Cylinder Pressure (P-CA), Net Heat Release Rate (NHRR), Crankcase Heat Release Rate (CHRR), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Unburned Hydrocarbons (UHC), Nitrogen Oxides (NOX), and Smoke Opacity are 0.997, 0.9998, 0.8898, 0.979, 0.9838, 0.9815, 0.9917, 0.9958, and 0.9261 respectively.

Experimental investigation of engine performance and emissions, and characterization, of waste transformer oils and diesel blends with biodiesel produced from olive oil wastes in a CI engine

AbstractIn this study, five different fuel blends were prepared by mixing biodiesel obtained from olive oil wastes using transesterification method, waste transformer oil, and Euro diesel in different ratios. The important physicochemical properties of the prepared fuel blends and produced biodiesel were determined by gas chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry analyses, and their characterizations were carried out. Then, the effects of the prepared fuel blends on engine performance and emission characteristics were investigated in a compression ignition engine. The experiments were performed with five different fuel blends (TD30, TD30B10, TD30B20, TD30B30, and D100) at 1000, 1500, 2000, and 2500 rpm. At all speeds, each fuel blend produced an average torque value that was highest for D100 fuel and lowest for TD30 fuel The average BP value produced by each fuel at all engine speeds was highest in D100 fuel and lowest in TD30 fuel. The results of the experiments showed that there was a 23.98% decrease in the average NOx emissions of TD30 fuel blend compared to the average NOx emissions of D100 fuel at all engine speeds. It was observed that all important fuel properties such as density, kinematic viscosity, and pour and cloud points of all fuel blends met the fuel standards.

Using CRITIC-TOPSIS and python to examine the effect of 1-Hepatnol on the performance and emission characteristics of CRDI CI engine with split injection

Recently, biofuels with higher alcohol content have become a promising alternative to diesel fuel. These fuels are appealing because they are sustainable, renewable, and possess attractive fuel properties. This study uses a split injection strategy to analyze the performance and emissions of a CRDI diesel engine fueled by 1-heptanol. The work involved testing different fuel blends, ranging from 10 % to 30 %, while maintaining a constant engine speed of 1500 rpm and varying the operating load between 0 kg and 12 kg in 4 kg increments. During the second stage, the CRITIC-TOPSIS method determines the objective weights and rankings of various criteria and alternatives. A Python approach based on machine learning was used to ensure the CRITIC-TOPSIS results were accurate. Seven criteria were evaluated to maximize BTE while minimizing BSFC, NOx, smoke opacity, HC, CO, and CO2. The experimental results showed a slight drop of 2.98 % in BTE and an increase of about 13.33 % in BSFC. NOx and smoke opacity were reduced by 7.13%–4.53 %, while there was a 12.12 % increase in HC, 6.45 % higher CO, and a 5.5 % increase in CO2 at full load. Adding 1-heptanol to diesel and using a split injection strategy significantly reduced NOx and smoke opacity. The final ranking and best blend are determined using CRITIC-TOPSIS and Python algorithms to estimate performance and emissions criteria. At a load of 4 kg, D100 ranks first with a relative closeness value of 0.642, while at a pack of 8 kg, the blend HP20D80 ranks first with a relative closeness value of 0.633. According to the rankings, the HP20D80 blend is the best option for achieving optimal performance and reduced emissions in CRDI diesel engines. A research paper has presented a unique approach to multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) validated using a Python algorithm. This method can assist decision-makers in making better-informed choices when faced with MCDM problems that involve various criteria and alternatives.

Оптимизация эксплуатации газобаллонного оборудования технологического транспорта АК «АЛРОСА», использующего компримированный природный газ в качестве моторного топлива в условиях Якутии

The paper justifies the relevance of using compressed natural gas as the motor fuel for utility vehicles in conditions of the high north and the Republic of Yakutia. Natural gas as an alternative energy carrier is stated to have a number of advantages over diesel fuel, however, its use in extremely low temperatures, in particular, in Yakutia, is associated with some challenges. A number of technical solutions are proposed to maintain a constant temperature of compressed natural gas contained in the gas cylinders onboard of the utility vehicles. The paper provides a detailed description of the methods to maintain the required temperature of the compressed natural gas in the gas cylinders using heat from the exhaust gases of the combustion engine, as well as by means of flexible electric strip heaters. One of the possible ways to separate heavy hydrocarbons (C5-C7) that negatively affect the performance characteristics of the combustion engines and the operation efficiency of the gas cylinder equipment is described for production of the compressed natural gas for utility vehicles. Technical requirements are determined for rubber products of the gas cylinder equipment that operate at low ambient temperatures. The article suggests the optimal quality characteristics of the frost-resistant rubbers and sealing materials that are most suitable for application in conditions of Yakutia.

Effect of n‐pentanol with novel water hyacinth biodiesel‐diesel ternary blends on diesel engine performance and emission characteristics

AbstractPresent research deals with crude oil production from water hyacinth biomass and its biodiesel preparation. Alcohol additive n‐pentanol is mixed with biodiesel and diesel blends to identify their effects on diesel engine performance and emission parameters experimentally. Water hyacinth oil (WHO) is produced through Soxhlet extraction technique, and its biodiesel is prepared by transesterification. n‐pentanol is mixed through magnetic stirring in biodiesel‐diesel blends to improve their combustion quality and efficiency. Prepared fuel blends properties are examined as per ASTM standards. Experimental results reveal that, BSFC and BTE are evaluated as 0.26 kg/kW‐h and 29.5%, respectively, with HC emissions as 29 ppm, CO emissions as 0.28 vol%, NOx emissions as 330 ppm and CO2 emissions as 2.21 vol% for WHB20D75P5 fuel at maximum load. The comparison of D100 and WHB20D80 with respect to WHB20D75P5 reveals 3.27% reduction and 7.27% improvement in BTE, respectively. Both HC and CO are reduced by 14.70% and 22.22% for WHB20D75P5 fuel compared to diesel. NOx and CO2 emissions are increased by 6.79% and 12.75% for WHB20D75P5 fuel compared to diesel. Overall, WHB20D75P5 fuel is the best performer.

Enhancement of combustion, performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines fuelled with jatropha-karanja biodiesel using EGM and TGME as additive

The oxygenated additives can improve the physical properties of biodiesel blends to achieve enhanced characteristics of a diesel engine. The present work has investigated ethylene glycol monoacetate (EGM) and tri-ethylene glycol mono-methyl ether (TGME) as potential additives for the jatropha-karanja dual blended biodiesel for improved characteristics of diesel engines. The experiments have been conducted with a single cylinder four stroke diesel engine operating at constant speed of 1500 rpm. The performance, emission and combustion parameters of the engine were investigated with pure diesel, jatropha-karanja dual blended biodiesel having 20 % of methyl ester and the biodiesel added with 2, 4, and 6 % of both the additives respectively. The doping of additives improved the brake thermal efficiency by 4.1 and 4.7 % with brake specific fuel consumption dropped by 0.18 and 0.2 kg/kWh. The additives reduced the hydrocarbon emission by 29.8 % and carbon monoxide by 40 % with a slight increase in NOx emission by 5.2 %. The cylinder pressure attained value near to pure diesel while the heat release rate increased by 12.6 % indicating proper fuel combustion inside the engine cylinder. Thus, the oxygenated additives can suitably be adopted as performance improvers in biodiesel fuels for automotive engines.

Comprehensive Review on Technical Developments of Methanol-Fuel-Based Spark Ignition Engines to Improve the Performance, Combustion, and Emissions

Abstract Methanol (CH3OH) is emerging as a viable alternative to fossil-based fuels, addressing the increasing global energy demand while promoting sustainability. The spark ignition (SI) engines are widely used to run the automobile sector. Methanol as a widely available and cheap source of energy can be strongly replaced with expensive and limited fossil-based fuels to power the SI engines. The prime objective of this study is to evaluate the advancements made in improving the fuel blends, performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of methanol-fueled SI engines. The investigation commences by examining the various technical improvements implemented in methanol-fueled SI engines to optimize their overall performance. These developments include advancements in fuel blends, engine design, combustion strategies, fuel injection systems, ignition systems, engine load, etc. The impacts of these developments on the performance parameters including brake thermal efficiency, power output, torque, fuel efficiency, thermal efficiency, etc., combustion parameters including ignition delay, combustion duration, heat release rate, in-cylinder pressure and temperature, etc., emission parameters including hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, formaldehyde, unburned methanol, etc., is reviewed comprehensively. The effectiveness of emission control techniques and the potential for meeting stringent environmental regulations are explored. The review paper then considers the wider implications of methanol-fueled SI engines by examining their technical, environmental, economic, and renewable applications. The technical aspects cover the compatibility of methanol-fueled SI engines with existing infrastructure and the associated challenges and opportunities. The environmental considerations delve into the potential reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the overall sustainability of methanol as a renewable fuel. Finally, the research direction of methanol SI engines is discussed, highlighting the emerging trends and prospects in this field. The review paper concludes with recommendations for further research and development, addressing the key areas that require attention to unlock the full potential of methanol as an efficient and sustainable fuel for SI engines.

Waste to fuel: A detailed combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of a CI engine fuelled with sustainable fish waste management augmentation with alcohols and nanoparticles

All over the world, 130 million tonnes of fish waste have been generated per annum. Improper disposal of such waste leads to environmental pollution, habitat degradation, oxygen depletion, spread of pathogens, parasites, and diseases. From this point of view, this research motivated to benefit from such fish waste by converting an alternative fuel along with various additives for diesel engines. Fish wastes gathered from the fish market are used as feedstock for producing fish waste biodiesel (FWBD) through the transesterification process. The derived fish waste biodiesel (FWBD) 60 %, 20 % diesel, and 20 % n-butanol (C4H9OH) by volume were blended (60FWBD+20Bu+20D) to form the test fuels. Then the fuel blends were used to convert two nano fuels by separately adding zinc oxide and graphene nanoparticles of 100 ppm along with sodium dodecyl sulphate surfactant, and the nanoparticles-added test fuels were exposed to sound waves of 50 kHz in an ultrasonicator for 1 h. These fuels were characterized to derive and ensure the fuel properties for diesel engines and tested such fuels in a 5.2 kW CI engine to do a comparative study. The experiments were conducted at the constant engine speed of 1500 rpm, and varying engine loads from 25 % to 100 % with intervals of 25 %. When the fish waste biodiesel was added to diesel fuel, the engine performance worsened in a given engine load, but it started to improve with the existence of nanoparticles. Compared to 60FWBD+20Bu+20D, graphene-based nano fuel blend recorded 1.99 % higher BTE, but 15.03 % higher NOx. Similarly, compared to 60FWBD+20Bu+20D, zinc oxide-based nano fuel blends recorded 6.75 % higher BTE and reduced NOx, CO, HC, and smoke emissions by 29.97 %, 15.98 %, 22.0 %, and 16.03 % respectively. In conclusion, the present research reveals that fish wastes can be used in diesel engines without any modification on the vehicular system, and this may contribute to both slowing down the rate of depletion of fossil reserves and the waste management of the fish wastes from nature in a useful way.

Influence of Hydrogen induction on performance and emission characteristics of an agricultural diesel engine fuelled with cultured Scenedesmus obliquus from industrial waste

The use of microalgae in waste water treatment has been recognised as crucial for managing and treating effluent from industrial sources. Present study used Scenedesmus obliquus (SO) strains in industrial waste cultured medium, grown algae were collected and dried, further with dried mass to algae bio fuel by transesterification process. Four fuel blends were created by adjusting the SO concentration from 10% to 40% by volume. Then SO blend was examined with impact of hydrogen induction on compression ignition engine. The addition of H2 to SO biodiesel enhances its net calorific value because of its high calorific content.Adding H2-inducted SO proportion to diesel reduces HC, NOx, and CO levels, with a negligible performance dip. At full loads, SO40 showed a significant improvement in emission levels, with a 19.81% reduction in NOx, a 51ppm drop in HC and 1.146% dropobserved in CO compared to diesel. For the SO10 mix, BTE and BSEC were found to be 2.86% and 2103.77kJ/kW-hr, respectively, superior to other SO blends. Subsequently, it is of crucial significance to acknowledge the significance of the potential those microalgaeprovides for the production of sustainable energy through the reprocessing of industrial effluents.

Prediction of the Performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine using diphenylamine Antioxidant and ceria nanoparticle additives with biodiesel based on machine learning

This study explores the impact of incorporating antioxidants diphenylamine (DPA) and nanoparticle ceria (CeO2) into Jatropha biodiesel (B30) blend on engine performance and exhaust emissions. The fuel blends utilized in this study consists of diesel, B30, B30 with 100 ppm of antioxidant diphenylamine (B30+DPA100), and B30 with 50 ppm of antioxidant diphenylamine and 50 ppm of nanoparticle ceria (B30+DPA50+CeO250). The experiments were designed using the design of experiment methodology, and they were conducted using various fuels to assess both engine performance and exhaust emissions characteristics. Further, machine learning algorithms (multilayer perceptron, random forest regression, and K-nearest neighbors) has been employed to develop a model for accurately predicting experimental outcomes. The K-nearest neighbors model surpassed the multilayer perceptron and random forest regression models, demonstrating a higher coefficient of determination value and precise outcome predictions. The experimental results reveal that adding antioxidants diphenylamine and nanoparticles ceria at 50 ppm to B30 significantly reduced nitrogen oxides emissions. Compared to B30, B30+DPA50+CeO250 showed a 6.35 % decrease in brake specific fuel consumption and an 8.68 % reduction in nitrogen oxides emissions. However, there was a slight increase of 5.74 % in brake thermal efficiency. Additionally, B30+DPA50+CeO250 exhibited a 2.54 % reduction in maximum cylinder pressure compared to B30.

Extraction and characterization of Cucumis melon seeds (Muskmelon seed oil) biodiesel and studying its blends impact on performance, combustion, and emission characteristics in an internal combustion engine

This study examines the performance, combustion, and emissions characteristics of a single-cylinder internal combustion diesel engine when fueled with a blend of diesel and biodiesel derived from muskmelon seeds. The kinematic viscosity of the extracted muskmelon seed oil was 6.1 cSt at 40 °C, which is higher than the kinematic viscosity of petroleum diesel of 2.6 cSt. Muskmelon biodiesel was further analyzed using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-voltage separator tests. A comparison of the fuel properties of muskmelon biodiesel with conventional diesel fuel revealed that muskmelon biodiesel could be used alone or in a diesel–biodiesel blend to fuel compression diesel engines. In this study, muskmelon seed biodiesel was blended with diesel fuel at proportions of 10 %, 20 %, and 50 % (BD10, BD20, and BD50, respectively). At a relatively low rotational speed of 1200 rpm, the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of the engine operated with BD10 and BD20 blends were 36.1 % and 36.0 %, respectively, while the brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of the two blends were 0.260 kg/kWh, and 0.262 kg/kWh, respectively. These values closely resemble those typically observed in diesel fuel engines. Indeed, the average BTE of the BD20 blend was only 3.24 % less than the average BTE of diesel fuel. Diesel fuel generates less NOx and SO2 emissions compared to biodiesel blends: BD100 emitted the most NOx pollution of all fuels tested. In addition, BD10 released significantly more SO2 emissions compared to the other fuels tested. However, the BD20 blend outperformed all other blends in terms of CO, NOx, and SO2 emissions at high engine speeds. The only exception was H2S emissions, which were higher than BD50 and BD100. BD20 also exhibited significantly reduced CO emissions compared to diesel fuel, while BD10 emitted significantly more CO emissions than the other biodiesel blends. Our findings revealed that BD20 exhibited the best engine performance and lower emissions among all fuels tested. In other words, BD20 is the ideal fuel blend for use in diesel engines and does not require any alterations to the engine. Muskmelon waste seeds represent a non-edible waste stream that can be exploited in the production of biodiesel fuel, allowing for the upcycling of a potentially problematic thermochemical conversion feedstock. This potentially valuable use for waste muskmelon seeds in the energy sector could address the wastefulness associated with this particular waste stream.

Effect of exhaust gas recirculation on the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine with hydrogen fuel and nano additives

One of the most popular techniques for reducing emissions, in particular nitrogen oxide (NOX), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and particulate matter (PM), is exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). In an EGR system, the intake manifold is used to re-introduce some of the exhaust gases into the combustion chamber. Diesel engine performance could be enhanced by employing the right number of nano additives. Nano additions aid in increasing efficiency when using hydro fuel. The following systems are impacted by the use of EGR: brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), diesel engine combustion characteristics, brake thermal efficiency (BTE), engine speed, CO2 and HC emissions, turbocharged diesel engine performance characteristics, fuels, temperature, and on EGR.

Role of hydrogen-enrichment for in-direct diesel engine behaviours fuelled with the diesel-waste biodiesel blends

Carbon footprint indicates the total amount of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere by individuals, institutions and countries. The widespread use of fossil fuels is a big player which increases the carbon footprint. Therefore, switching to sustainable alternatives in energy production and consumption is an effective step in combating climate change, as well as efforts to prevent the depletion of fossil fuels. In this regard, although biodiesels offer a solution to the depletion of fossil fuels, with this advantage, the effects of production processes and use on environmental sustainability should be taken into consideration. Many scientific studies have shown that engine performance remains below standards with biodiesel. The availability of hydrogen as an energy carrier in cylinder to overcome the above-mentioned negative situations has recently become a popular topic for fuel researchers. In this work, the diesel-biodiesel fuels were blended proportionally and tested on a three-cylinder water-cooled in-direct diesel engine at varying loads (15, 30, 45, and 60 Nm) and a constant engine speed of 2200 rpm for observing the effects of test fuels on combustion, performance, and emissions characteristics of diesel engine. First of all, conventional diesel fuel (D) was used to obtain reference data, and then B20 fuel obtained by mixing waste cooking oil with 20% by volume of diesel fuel was used. The remaining 4 fuels are test fuels obtained by giving hydrogen from the intake manifold at different flow rates (10, 20, 30, and 40 L/min) in addition to B20 fuel. These fuels are called B20+10 Lpm H2, B20+20 Lpm H2, B20+30 Lpm H2 and B20+40 Lpm H2, respectively. As a result, the BSFC of B20 fuel increased by 8.78% compared to diesel fuel, and then the addition of hydrogen dropped the BSFC value by 8.8%, 13.02%, 17.16%, and 22.12% for B20+10 Lpm H2, B20+20 Lpm H2, B20+30 Lpm H2, and B20+40 Lpm, respectively. Hydrogen enrichment also had a positive impact on BTE. Although the BTE dropped by 6.14% in B20 fuel compared to diesel, it increased by 4.51%, 5.05%, 5.62%, and 7.12% in B20+10 Lpm H2, B20+20 Lpm H2, B20+30 Lpm H2 and B20+40 Lpm H2 fuels, respectively. The addition of 10, 20, 30, and 40 Lpm H2 to B20 fuel reduced NOx emissions by 31.25%, 33.08%, 38.87%, and 41.46%, respectively, and also reduced CO emissions by 17.47%, 30.73%, 51.8% and 59.04% respectively.

A comparative investigation of the operating performance and emission characteristics of various diesel engines driving the firefighting pump

The investigation of engines with different performances driving the same load-consuming device is necessary for practical applications. In this paper, three diesel engines with varying capacities for driving the same firefighting pump for high-rise residential buildings were studied and compared for their performance, combustion parameters, and emissions by the simulation method. The AVL BOOST software is utilized to establish theoretical combustion models for these engines. The operating balance point of each engine is determined, and the appropriate transmission ratio of the drive train system is proposed to be applied. The results show that the working partial load modes of Model 1 at 91 % engine load and 2970 rpm, Model 2 at 74 % engine load and 2960 rpm, and Model 3 at 57 % engine load and 2490 rpm. The engine works in its higher load mode, producing higher brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), higher NOx and CO emissions, lower soot formation, and vice versa. The engine operates at its lower load, resulting in decreased BSFC, less NOx and CO emissions, and more soot generation. The results suggest that Model 2 in the present work is the option that can balance the factors of engine power, initial investment cost, fuel consumption economics, and emissions. The findings obtained from this work are the scientific foundations to support the design of the firefighting pump systems when considering comprehensive factors of technical technology, investment cost, and environmental consideration.

Parameter optimization for two-stroke direct-injection spark-ignition aviation kerosene engine

The type of two-stroke spark-ignition(SI) engine is still the main power sources of small and medium unmanned aerial vehicles. A transition from gasoline to aviation kerosene or light diesel fuel and from carburetor or port-injection equipment to direct-injection(DI) equipment is prevailing. However, the performance of two-stroke DI-SI engine fueled with aviation kerosene is not very good under medium and high loads. Therefore, using the two-stroke DI-SI kerosene engine modified from port-injection SI gasoline engine as the research subject, the effects of different parameters on engine combustion and performance were studied and parameter optimization was also carried out at high loads. Based on the optimal fuel injection parameters, the influences of ignition time, compression ratio, scavenging/exhaust port area and scavenging/exhaust phase on the operating characteristics of two-stroke engine were analyzed. It was indicated that ignition timing, compression ratio and scavenging/exhaust phase have obvious impacts on engine performance, while the scavenging port area shows little impact on engine performance. An optimization calculation with genetic algorithm was made by determining the optimal values of six parameters such as compression ratio, ignition time, scavenging port area, exhaust port area, scavenging phase and exhaust phase. After optimization, the power(P) of the engine was increased by 7.6 % and the thermal efficiency(η) was enhanced by 3.2 % without knock. The results will lay a foundation for further design and research of two-stroke aviation RP-3 SI-DI engine.

Ammonia-enriched biogas as an alternative fuel in diesel engines: Combustion, performance and emission analysis

This study investigates the potential of ammonia as a secondary fuel in diesel engines, amidst the rising interest in alternative fuels and the growth of electric vehicles. Unlike hydrogen, with its higher flammability and safety concerns, ammonia offers a viable, sustainable fuel source. A single-cylinder diesel engine was utilized to assess engine performance and combustion characteristics using ammonia gaseous blends. Ammonia was combined with biogas to mitigate its corrosive effects and compensate for its lower heating value. Th entire best conducted with constant ammonia flow rate of 30 LPM. Diesel was mixed with biogas in compositions of 10 LPM, 20 LPM and 30 LPM, and tested under engine loads of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The blend with the highest ammonia concentration (B30B3) exhibited the largest heat release rate, highlighting a strong correlation between ammonia content and heat release levels. This is attributed to the premixed combustion phase and the accelerated flame speed associated with ammonia. An increase in ammonia content resulted in higher brake thermal efficiency and reduced brake specific fuel consumption. All ammonia-inclusive blends showed a decrease in hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions, with the lowest emissions observed in the B30B3 blend. However, the high flammability of biogas in the B30B3 blend, compared to diesel, and enhanced fuel atomization, led to increased nitrogen Oxides formation. The results clearly indicate that combination of ammonia along with the biogas enhances the combustion and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. Findings of this study provides valuable insights into the use of ammonia as a sustainable alternative in diesel engines, offering a improved balance between combustion efficiency and environmental impact.

A REVIEW ON THE EFFECTS OF DIETHYL ETHER ON THE CYCLIC VARIATIONS IN DIESEL ENGINES

This review study was compiled from the results of various researches regarding the use of diethyl ether as a fuel or fuel additive in diesel engines. Three techniques are employed for decreasing the hazardous exhaust emissions of diesel engines. The first technique for reducing harmful emissions involves improving combustion by modifying the engine design and fuel injection system; however, this process is both costly and time consuming. The second technique entails using various exhaust gas devices, such as a catalytic converter and diesel particulate filter. However, these devices can have a negative impact on the performance of diesel engines. The last way of reducing emissions and improving diesel engine performance is to use different alternative fuels or fuel additives. Diesel engines primarily release two major pollutants into the atmosphere: oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM). It is very difficult to reduce both NOx and PM at the same time in practice. The most research indicates that the most effective way to reduce emissions is to use alternative fuels such as natural gas, biogas, biodiesel, or adding additives to either alternative fuels or conventional diesel fuel. On the other hand, the fuel used has a significant influence on the cycle variations, which in turn has a major effect on the engine performance characteristics, fuel consumption, and exhaust emissions. It is thus essential to comprehensively assess the results of various investigations of alternative fuels or fuel additives before implementation. This study particularly focuses on the use of diethyl ether in diesel engines as fuel or fuel additive in different diesel engine fuels. This review study investigates the effects of the addition of diethyl ether on the cyclic variations, according to the literature.

Assessment of performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of single cylinder diesel engine fuelled by pyrolysis oil + CeO2 nanoparticles and 1-butanol blends

This experimental work focused on trials on diesel engines using Pyrolysis blends. The novelty in this work is the addition of cerium oxide additives with 1-butanol as an ignitor. The blends used were D100, 90D7WPO3B + 25 ppm CeO2, 85D10WPO5B + 50 ppm CeO2, 80D13WPO7 + 75 ppm CeO2 and 100WPO + 100 ppm CeO2. The results were outstanding as BTE is good for the fuel 90D7WPO3B + 25 ppm CeO2 by 36.2%, which is 12.25% greater than diesel, BSFC is better for the blend 90D7WPO3B + 25 ppm CeO2 by 0.22 kg/kWh, and maximum in-cylinder pressure obtained for 90D7WPO3B + 25 ppm CeO2 blend rated as 66.45bar; and maximum HRR is obtained for 85D10WPO5B + 50 ppm CeO2 blends by 84 J/ deg CA, BSEC of 85D10WPO5B + 50 ppm CeO2 blend is lower next only to diesel by 12.5 KJ/kWh, NOX emission minimum for 100WPO + 100 ppm CeO2 blends rate of 12 g/kWh, 14.2% lower than diesel, and lowest CO is attained for blend 80D13WPO7 + 75 ppm CeO2 blends at a rate of 0.8 g/kWh, 27.7% less than diesel, CO2 is minimum for blend 80D13WPO7 + 75 ppm CeO2 rate of 5 g/kWh; 18.03% less than diesel and HC is minimum for blend 100WPO + 100 ppm CeO2 blend rate of 0.18 kg/kWh; Which is 40% lower than diesel.

Performance enhancement of diesel engine using Karanja oil methyl ester as a fuel blend with diesel by variable injector nozzle hole

Diesel engines may run on biodiesel, a sustainable fuel that can be made from a variety of feedstocks using various alcohols and catalysts. The type of alcohol has a direct impact on the biodiesel’s fuel qualities. Variations in fuel qualities can lead to variations in diesel engine performance, combustion, and injection characteristics. Using blends of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% with Karanja oil and regular diesel fuel separately, experimental tests were conducted to assess the performance and emissions of a direct injection, water-cooled Kirloskar diesel engine at 1500 rpm with variable load. The 3-hole and 5-hole fuel injectors are the subjects of this investigation. Because Karanja methyl esters (KME) have a lower calorific value than diesel, their value increases with the proportion of KME in the mix. For a 20% blend, this means that brake-specific fuel consumption increases. As the amount of KME in the gasoline increases, the brake thermal efficiency falls. At a 20% mix, Brake thermal efficiency is almost identical to diesel fuel. For all blends, CO and HC emissions rise with load and fall with the fraction of KME in the mix. For every combination of KME, the density of smoke rises as the load increases. Smoke density falls as the fraction of mixes containing KME rises. It has been observed that when nozzle holes are increased from three to five, brake thermal efficiency rises with load. When comparing a 5-hole to a 3-hole with load, the Brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) will fall. Nozzles have an influence on emissions in that as nozzle holes grow, so do CO, HC, and smoke opacity. According to the findings, a 20% KME blend for a 5-hole fuel injector nozzle is a good substitute for diesel.