Engagement In Moderate Physical Activity Research Articles

Examining the association between delay discounting, delay aversion and physical activity in Chinese adults with type-2 diabetes mellitus.

The role of physical activity in diabetes is critical, influencing this disease's development, man-agement, and overall outcomes. In China, 22.3% of adults do not meet the minimum level of physical activity recommended by the World Health Organization. Therefore, it is imperative to identify the factors that contributing to lack of physical activity must be identified. To investigate the relationship among delay discounting, delay aversion, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and various levels of physical activity in Chinese adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In 2023, 400 adults with T2DM were recruited from the People's Hospital of Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province. A face-to-face questionnaire was used to gather demographic data and details on physical activity, delay discounting, and delay aversion. In addition, HbA1c levels were measured in all 400 participants. The primary independent variables considered were delay discounting and delay aversion. The outcome variables included HbA1c levels and different intensity levels of physical activity, including walking, moderate physical activity, and vigorous physical activity. Multiple linear regression models were utilized to assess the relationship between delay discounting, delay aversion, and HbA1c levels, along with the intensity of different physical activity measured in met-hours per week. After controlling for the sample characteristics, delay discounting was negatively associated with moderate physical activity (β = -2.386, 95%CI: -4.370 to -0.401). Meanwhile, delay aversion was negatively associated with the level of moderate physical activity (β = -3.527, 95% CI: -5.578 to -1.476) in the multiple linear regression model, with statistically significant differences. Elevated delay discounting and increased delay aversion correlated with reduced levels of moderate physical activity. Result suggests that delay discounting and aversion may influence engagement in moderate physical activity. This study recommends that health administration and government consider delay discounting and delay aversion when formulating behavioral intervention strategies and treatment guidelines involving physical activity for patients with T2DM, which may increase participation in physical activity. This study contributes a novel perspective to the research on physical activity in adults with T2DM by examining the significance of future health considerations and the role of emotional responses to delays.

Single-Arm Trial of a Flexible Multicomponent Commercial Digital Weight Management Program

Background Hunger and food cravings predict poor outcomes in lifestyle interventions for weight management. For this reason, flexible weight management programs, as opposed to restrictive weight management programs, are needed. WW (formerly Weight Watchers)—a widely available, commercial weight management and wellness program—includes an approach that allows participants to obtain a personalized zero-point food (ZPF) list, which includes foods that do not need to be weighed, measured, or tracked. With over 300 potential options, ZPFs can include fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, nonfat dairy, and lean sources of protein. Participants are assigned an individualized daily and weekly point target and can use ZPFs to help budget their points throughout the day, which can nudge participants toward a healthier overall dietary pattern. Objective In a 6-month, single-arm trial, we examined the efficacy of WW when delivered via multimodal digital tools, including a mobile app for assisting with point tracking, weekly virtual workshops, weekly 5-minute wellness check-ins, and a Facebook group in which participants could socialize and support each other. Methods The outcomes included weight change from baseline, as measured by the Bluetooth scales provided to each participant; hunger (visual analogue scale); food cravings (Food Craving Inventory); the intake of fruits and vegetables (The Five Factor Screener); physical activity (Global Physical Activity Questionnaire); and overall well-being (WHO-5 Well-Being Index). Results Of the 153 participants, 70% were female, and 66% were White. Participants’ mean age was 41.09 (SD 13.78) years, and they had a mean BMI of 31.8 (SD 5.0) kg/m2. Retention was high, as 91.5% provided 6-month follow-up data. Participants lost an average of 5.1% of body weight from baseline to 6 months (mean −4.4, SD 4.87 kg; P<.01), with 51% losing clinically significant weight (≥5%). Hunger significantly declined over 6 months (mean percent change −14.74%, SD 64.28%; P<.01), as did food cravings (mean percent change −16.99%, SD 19.98%). The intake of fruits (mean percent change 65.95%, SD 188.78%; P<.01), vegetables (mean percent change 68.29%, SD 172.61%; P<.05), and salad (mean percent change 127.43%, SD 250.82%; P<.001) significantly increased. Engagement in moderate physical activity increased by an average of 32 (SD 133) minutes per day (P<.01), and sedentary time decreased by 90 (SD 24.5) minutes per day (P<.001). Finally, well-being significantly increased (mean change 17.77%, SD 46.21%; P<.01). Conclusions This program, which used a less restrictive method of food tracking and provided personalized ZPFs, resulted in significant weight loss and an increase in fruits, vegetables, and exercise, while also reducing hunger and food cravings. Future research should compare the effectiveness of these approaches to traditional programs that require the self-monitoring of all foods and beverages. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04302389; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04302389 Conflicts of Interest None declared.

Socio-demographic and lifestyle factors associated with intrinsic capacity among older adults: evidence from India

BackgroundSince the traditional models missed the possibility of formulating personalised programs centred on a person’s priorities and values, it was a pressing priority to shift from traditional disease-centred to a function-based approach of healthy ageing, which is defined as ‘the process of developing and maintaining the functional ability that enables well-being in older age’. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of high intrinsic capacity (IC) of older adults and to examine the socio-demographic and lifestyle factors associated with IC among older adults in India.MethodsThe study utilises the individual-level data from the first wave of the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) conducted during 2017–18. The total sample size for the present study was 24,136 older adults (11,871 males and 12,265 females) aged 60 years and above. Descriptive statistics, along with bivariate analysis, was employed to present the preliminary results. Additionally, multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted to find out the association of socio-demographic and lifestyle factors with IC and its components.ResultsThe mean IC score was found to be 7.37 (SD = 1.6) in this study. A proportion of 24.56% of older adults was observed to be in the higher IC category. Increasing age was negatively associated with high IC for older men and women. Older people who smoke tobacco (β = -0.23; CI: -0.32—-0.13) and chew tobacco (β = -0.11; CI: -0.18—-0.03) were less likely to experience high IC compared to their respective counterparts. Older adults who reported episodic alcohol drinking were less likely to have high IC (β = -0.20; CI:-0.32—-0.07). The engagement in moderate physical activity (β = 0.12; CI:0.01–0.23), vigorous physical activity (β = 0.12; CI:0.05–0.20) and yoga-related activity (β = 0.18; CI:0.09–0.26) were significantly positively associated with high IC. Among the five domains of IC, education was significantly associated with higher capacity in each domain, and increasing age was found to be a significant predictor of lower capacity in each IC domain except locomotion. Older men and women engaged in vigorous physical activity had 35 and 19% significantly higher odds of high capacity in sensory (aOR = 1.35; CI: 1.12—1.62) and psychological (aOR = 1.19; CI: 1.06—1.34) domains, respectively.ConclusionsThe study revealed that lifestyle behaviours including tobacco use, episodic alcohol drinking and physical activity are strongly associated with IC among older adults in India. The findings suggest that healthy lifestyle behaviours should be encouraged among older adults as an effort to improve their IC, which is the key determinant of functional ability and quality of life in later years of life.

Physical activity, memory function, and hippocampal volume in adults with Down syndrome.

Higher engagement in moderate-intensity physical activity (PA) is related to better cognitive functioning in neurotypical adults; however, little is known about the effect of PA on cognitive aging in adults with Down syndrome (DS). Individuals with DS have three copies of chromosome 21, which includes the gene involved in the production of the amyloid precursor protein, resulting in an increased risk for an earlier onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The goal of this study was to understand the relationship between engagement in moderate PA, memory, and hippocampal volume in adults with DS. Adults with DS participated in an ancillary Lifestyle study linked to the Alzheimer’s Biomarkers Consortium for DS (ABC- DS; N = 71). A within-sample z-score memory composite was created from performance on the Cued Recall Test (CRT) and the Rivermead Picture Recognition Test. Participants wore a wrist-worn accelerometer (GT9X) to measure PA. Variables of interest included the average percentage of time spent in moderate PA and average daily steps. Structural MRI data were acquired within 18 months of actigraphy/cognitive data collection for a subset of participants (n = 54). Hippocampal volume was extracted using Freesurfer v5.3. Associations between moderate PA engagement, memory, and hippocampal volume were evaluated with hierarchical linear regressions controlling for relevant covariates [age, body mass index, intellectual disability level, sex, and intracranial volume]. Participants were 37.77 years old (SD = 8.21) and were 55.6% female. They spent 11.1% of their time engaged in moderate PA (SD = 7.5%) and took an average of 12,096.51 daily steps (SD = 4,315.66). After controlling for relevant covariates, higher memory composite score was associated with greater moderate PA engagement (β = 0.232, p = 0.027) and more daily steps (β = 0.209, p = 0.037). In a subset of participants, after controlling for relevant covariates, PA variables were not significantly associated with the hippocampal volume (all p-values ≥ 0.42). Greater hippocampal volume was associated with higher memory composite score after controlling for relevant covariates (β = 0.316, p = 0.017). More PA engagement was related to better memory function in adults with DS. While greater hippocampal volume was related to better memory performance, it was not associated with PA. Greater PA engagement may be a promising lifestyle behavior to preserve memory in adults with DS.

Physical Activity in Hospitalized Persons With Dementia: Feasibility and Validity of the MotionWatch 8.

Persons with dementia are at high risk for hospital-acquired disability, associated with low physical activity during hospitalizations. To determine the effectiveness of efforts to increase physical activity, a valid and reliable measurement approach is required. Data from an ongoing cluster randomized clinical trial examined the feasibility and validity of the MotionWatch 8 (MW8) triaxial actigraphy device. The sample included 321 participants of which 259 (81%) were willing to wear the MW8 for 24hr. Regression analysis revealed that time in low activity, β = 0.17, t(255) = 2.9, p = .004, and time in moderate activity, β = 0.14, t(255) = 2.4, p = .017, measured by the MW8, were associated with participants' physical function. Engagement in moderate physical activity was associated with return to baseline function at discharge (Wald χ2 = 4.10, df = 1, p = .043). The study provides preliminary support for the feasibility and validity of the MW8 in hospitalized persons with dementia.

Factors Associated with Moderate Physical Activity Among Older Adults with Atrial Fibrillation.

Engaging patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) in moderate-intensity physical activity has been encouraged by published guidelines. We examined factors associated with engagement in moderate physical activity among older adults with AF. This was a retrospective study involving ninety patients with episodes of Afib with RVR duData are from the SAGE (Systematic Assessment of Geriatric Elements)-AF study. Older adults (≥ 65 years) with AF and a CHA2DS2-VASc ≥ 2 were recruited from several clinics in Massachusetts and Georgia between 2015 and 2018. The Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity questionnaire was used to assess whether participants engaged in moderate-intensity physical activity (i.e. at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise). Logistic regression was utilized to examine the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and geriatric elements associated with engaging in moderate-intensity physical activity. Participants were on average 76 years old and 48% were women. Approximately one-half (52%) of study participants engaged in moderate-intensity physical activity. Morbid obesity (adjusted OR [aOR]=0.41, 90%CI=0.23-0.73), medical history of renal disease (aOR= aOR=0.68,90%CI= 0.48-0.96), slow gait speed (aOR=0.44, 90%CI=0.32-0.60), cognitive impairment (aOR=0.74, 90%CI=0.56-0.97), and social isolation (aOR=0.58, 90%CI= 0.40-0.84) were independently associated with a lower likelihood, while higher AF related quality of life score (aOR=1.64, 90%CI=1.25-2.16) a greater likelihood, of meeting recommended levels of moderate physical activity. Nearly one-half of older adults with NVAF did not engage in moderate-intensity exercise. Clinicians should identify older patients with NVAF who are less likely to engage in physical activity and develop tailored interventions to promote regular physical activity.

Prevalence of lifestyle behaviors and associations with health-related quality of life among older female cancer survivors.

Healthy lifestyles including maintaining a normal weight, consuming a healthy diet, and being physically active can improve prognosis and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among cancer survivors. The largest proportion of cancer survivors are older adults (≥ 65years), yet their lifestyle behaviors are understudied. This study sought to examine the lifestyle behaviors (maintaining healthy weight, diet quality, physical activity) of older female cancer survivors and identify associations with HRQoL. Older female cancer survivors (n = 171) completed surveys to assess HRQoL (RAND-36), unintentional weight loss, body mass index (BMI), diet quality (HEI-2015), and physical activity. Demographic information and medical record data were also collected. Descriptive analyses, correlations, and stepwise linear regressions were utilized. Physical and mental HRQoL of the sample (mean age = 74.50years) were low: 41.94 ± 10.50 and 48.47 ± 7.18, respectively, out of 100. Physical activity was low: 75.3%, 54.2%, and 68.1% reported no strenuous, moderate, and mild physical activity, respectively. Mean BMI was 27.71 ± 6.24 (overweight) with 64% of the participants being overweight or obese. Mean HEI-2015 scores were 66.54 ± 10.0. Engagement in moderate physical activity was associated with higher physical HRQoL (β = 0.42, p = 0.004). Being white (β = 0.53, p < 0.001), older (β = 0.27, p = 0.025), and having higher HEI scores (β = 0.30, p = 0.011) were associated with higher mental HRQoL. Older cancer survivors report poor diet quality, high rates of being overweight or obese, and low levels of physical activity that impact their HRQoL. Results indicate the need for tailored health coaching for older cancer survivors regarding their lifestyle behaviors to improve prognosis and HRQoL.

Relationship between decline in cognitive resources and physical activity.

This study aimed to test whether the level of cognitive resources explains engagement in physical activity across aging and whether the age-related decline of cognitive resources precede the decline in physical activity. Data from 105,206 adults aged 50 to 90 years from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) were used in adjusted linear mixed models to examine whether the engagement in moderate physical activity and its evolution across aging were dependent on cognitive resources. Cognitive resources and physical activity were measured 5 times over a 12-year period. Delayed recall, verbal fluency, and the level of education were used as indicators of cognitive resources. The frequency of engagement in moderate physical activity was self-reported. Dynamic structural equation models (SEM) were used to assess the temporal precedence of changes in cognitive resources and physical activity. Lower cognitive resources were associated with lower levels and steeper decreases in moderate physical activity across aging. Results further revealed a time-ordered effect with a stronger influence of cognitive resources (delayed recall and verbal fluency) on subsequent changes in moderate physical activity than the opposite. These findings suggest that, after age 50, the level of engagement in moderate physical activity and its trajectory depend on the availability of cognitive resources. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Patterns of Physical Activity and Self-rated Health Among Adult Populations in South Asia.

Introduction:Although South Asians are considered to be at high risk for cardiovascular diseases, research evidence on the health impacts of physical activity (PA) remains very limited. In this study we aimed to explore the patterns of PA and to investigate whether engaging in regular PA is associated with better Self-Rated Health (SRH) among South Asians.Methods:Cross-sectional data on population health were drawn from the World Health Survey of WHO. Subjects were 28,020 male and female South Asians (from Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka) aged 18 years and above. Data were analysed using descriptive and multivariable logistic regression analyses.Results:The proportion of the sample population reported good SRH was 44.3%, 58.7%, 37.7%, and 73.7% in Bangladeshis, Indians, Nepalese, and Sri Lankans, respectively. Regular engagement in moderate PA was highest in Nepal (69.7%) and lowest in Bangladesh (37.4%). Vigorous PA was highest in India (29.9%) and lowest in Bangladesh (17.9%). In Bangladesh, compared to those never engaged in MPA, those who engaged for 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, or 7 days a week were 30% [AOR=1.306; 95%CI 1.085-1.572], 33% [AOR=1.326; 95%CI 1.093-1.609], 39% [AOR=1.389; 95%CI 1.125-1.716], and 46% [AOR=1.459; 95%CI 1.249-1.705] more likely to report being in good health, respectively.Conclusions:We found that self-reported engagement in physical activities varies in South Asian countries. Since engaging in PA may help improve subjective and objective health status, health policy makers need to focus on designing exercise-friendly neighbourhoods in an attempt to promote population health.

幼稚園および保育所に通う日本人幼児における日常の身体活動量の比較

Most Japanese preschool children attend either kindergartens or nursery schools, each providing a distinct environment for children, and the difference between these may be associated with varying patterns of physical activity (PA). The purpose of the present study is to compare the levels of PA in Japanese preschool children enrolled in kindergartens to those enrolled in nursery schools by using triaxial accelerometry (ActivTracer, GMS). PA was assessed using a triaxial accelerometer and daily steps were captured using a uniaxial accelerometer for 6 consecutive days, including weekdays and weekends. Subjects were 157 four- to six-year-old Japanese children attending kindergartens or nursery schools. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and step counts were 107 (±34) min/day and 13,567 (±2,725) steps/day respectively for kindergartens, and 97 (±30) min/day and 12,526 (±2,884) steps/day respectively for nursery schools. MVPA and step counts were significantly higher for children enrolled in kindergartens than those enrolled in nursery schools. Although PA on weekdays did not differ significantly, physical activity level, MVPA, and step counts on weekends were significantly higher for children enrolled in kindergartens than those enrolled in nursery schools. In addition, we observed large variability in PA among children enrolled in kindergartens, and relatively little variability among children enrolled in nursery schools. The results suggest that children in nursery schools exhibit less engagement in moderate PA than children in kindergartens, and the difference is more pronounced on weekends. Additionally, we found that PA patterns in young children enrolled in kindergartens may vary greatly.

Relationship of body mass index and physical activity to health care costs among employees.

This study examined the relationship between physical activity and health care costs by different weight groups. The study sample consisted of 23,490 active employees grouped into normal weight, overweight, and obese categories. After adjustment for covariates, physically moderately active (1 to 2 times/week) and very active (3 + times/week) employees had approximately $250 less paid health care costs annually than sedentary employees (0 time/week) across all weight categories. The difference was approximately $450 in the obese subpopulation. The maximum possible savings was estimated to be 1.5% of the total health care costs if all obese sedentary employees would adapt a physically active lifestyle. As a strategy to control escalating health care costs, wellness programs should facilitate engagement in moderate physical activity of at least 1 to 2 times a week among sedentary obese people and help them to maintain this more active lifestyle.)