Engagement In Entrepreneurial Activities Research Articles

Women Entrepreneurship in India: Challenges and Suggestions

Indian women are playing a crucial role In the current globalized era. Additionally, they are significantly contributing to our nation’s advancement and rising real per capita income. Through entrepreneurship, women are being acknowledge das job providers rather than job seekers. They are contributed by giving new and innovative ideas for business management and organization. However, women’s engagement in entrepreneurial activities remains an issue, and it is necessary to examine or explore the reasons for the low number of female entrepreneurs. The position of women entrepreneurs in India is disclosed in this report. The paper discusses about the challenges that awoman generally has to face to become an entrepreneur as well as the problems she faces after being anentrepreneur.

The Effect of the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project to Improve Student Entrepreneurial Competence

In this research, the focus was on evaluating the impact of the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project on enhancing the entrepreneurial competence of students at SMAN 1 Pasaman. Utilizing the quantitative survey method, the study targeted grade X students, encompassing 150 respondents from SMA Negeri 1 Pasaman, employing purposive sampling. Data collection involved distributing questionnaires both directly and online to students. The findings indicated a significant and positive correlation between the P5 program and the enhancement of entrepreneurial competence among secondary school learners. The study underscored the pivotal role of integrating Pancasila values into education, elucidating how it contributes to cultivating robust character traits and fostering independence crucial for future entrepreneurial endeavors. By emphasizing the Pancasila values within the educational framework, the research revealed its instrumental role in shaping students' attitudes and competencies, establishing a foundation for their potential engagement in entrepreneurial activities.

Academic entrepreneurial engagement for frugal innovation in higher education institutions: a systematic literature review

Higher education institutions (HEI) are faced with increasing challenges related to shrinking resources, high operation costs, the COVID-19 pandemic, decreasing student enrolment rates, and pressure to contribute to regional development and economic growth. To overcome such challenges, academics must move beyond their traditional functions of research and teaching and engage in entrepreneurial activities. Through engagement in entrepreneurial activities, academics can contribute to frugal innovation (FI) in private HEI (PHEI). The literature in this context emphasizes that academic entrepreneurial engagement (AEE) will lead to innovation, the identification of opportunities for new business ventures, financial rewards for institutions and academics, an impact on the economy, and the enhancement of social welfare. This study presents a systematic review of the literature and adopts the Transfield five-phase strategy to review the literature on AEE from the past two decades (2000–2020). A total of 1,067 papers on FI are obtained, only five of which focus on AEE. Moreover, papers related to AEE for FI are few. The study presents the research gaps, challenges, and potential factors for further research in this context. We conclude that FI for AEE in PHEI can be a game-changer for future sustainability. Moreover, we believe that the outcome of this review warrants further research.

Vocational business education: An entrepreneurial engagement for the youths to alleviate insecurity in South-East, Nigeria

The study investigated alleviating insecurity in southeast Nigeria using vocational business education for the entrepreneurial engagement of youths. The study answered three research questions and tested three hypotheses. A multistage sampling technique was adopted in selecting 275 respondents for the study. The instrument for data collection was a 32-item structured questionnaire developed by the researcher. The instrument was face-validated by three experts. The reliability of the instrument was ascertained using the Cronbach Alpha reliability technique which yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.784. The data for the study were collected with the help of four research assistants. Out of the 275 copies of the questionnaire administered, 256 copies were completely filled and returned representing a 93.1% return rate. Data collected were analyzed using mean for answering the three research questions while the three hypotheses were tested using t-test statistics at 0.05 level of significance. The result of the study identified 8 implications of youth engagement in entrepreneurial activities on alleviation of insecurity, 10 sources of funds for youth’s entrepreneurial activities that can be taught through vocational Business Education, and 13 strategies that can be taught through vocational Business Education for sustainable management of businesses among the youths in southeast Nigeria. There were no significant (p<0.05) differences in the mean ratings of Business Educators and students on the implications of youth engagement in entrepreneurial activities and strategies that can be taught through vocational Business Education for sustainable management of businesses among the youths. Though, there was a significant (p<0.05) difference in the mean ratings of Business Educators and students on sources of funds for youth’s entrepreneurial activities. The study among others recommended increased engagement of youths in entrepreneurial activities to alleviate their idleness and insecurity in the country.

To entrepreneur or not to entrepreneur? How identity discrepancies influence enthusiasm for academic entrepreneurship

AbstractRecognizing the commercial potential of university-based inventions and discoveries, legislators and administrators have called upon academic scientists to become academic entrepreneurs. Yet, few academic scientists appear enthusiastic about taking on entrepreneurial activities. The intrinsic reasons underlying the lack of enthusiasm are poorly understood. We extend the research by applying self-discrepancy theory to explore the role of future-oriented self and other guides on enthusiasm for academic entrepreneurship. Integrating self-discrepancy theory with social identity theory, we also examine the moderating effects of scientist identification and academic entrepreneur social identification. We test our model on a sample of National Science Foundation (NSF) funded academic scientists who participated in the Innovation Corps (I-Corps) entrepreneurship training program. We find academic scientists’ self-guides influence their enthusiasm for academic entrepreneurship, while interestingly, their other-guides do not. Additionally, we find that higher identification with a scientist identity enhances the positive effect of the self-guide on entrepreneurial enthusiasm while higher identification with an academic entrepreneur identity attenuates the positive effect. Our paper contributes to the academic entrepreneurship literature by developing and testing a framework that integrates self-discrepancy theory with social identity theory for a nuanced understanding of academic scientists’ thought processes regarding engagement in entrepreneurial activities. Our study has implications for research policy by suggesting a way that universities can identify candidates for academic entrepreneurship activities.

THE EFFECT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION DIMENSIONS ON ENTREPRENEURIAL MINDSET OF PUBLIC UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN PLATEAU STATE

Entrepreneurship is key to contributing to innovation, job creation, and a nation’s economic and societal advancement. This study borrows from social cognitive and engagement learning theories to establish a position that explains the entrepreneurial mindset among university graduating students, owing to the rate of graduates’ engagement in entrepreneurial activities. Similarly, since a positive entrepreneurial mindset promotes participation in entrepreneurial activities, this study examines the effects of an entrepreneurial mindset among university students in Nigeria. A cross-sectional design was adopted to achieve the study objectives, using a sample of 369 graduating students (400 levels) across the University of Jos and Plateau State University, Bokkos, in Plateau State. The quantitative data analysis involved descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling using SPSS 25 and AMOS 23, based on 349 usable observations. The findings indicate that entrepreneurship education in terms of active learning, curricular content, and extracurricular activity is a significant predictor of entrepreneurial mindset. The primary conclusion is that the integration of entrepreneurship education dimensions, which predict entrepreneurial mindset dimensions at a composite level, is essential to the entrepreneurial mindset model of students in Nigerian universities. As a result, the study’s findings lend credence to the theoretical framework chosen. In addition, policymakers should develop and implement an active entrepreneurship education program with the goal of encouraging university students to adopt an entrepreneurial attitude. The policy implication is that universities in the twenty-first century should employ and train lecturers who are resourceful and have the skills and competence in teaching entrepreneurship that will enhance the active engagement of students and entrepreneurial mindset. Also, providing an enabling environment that fosters lifelong learning for students by Nigerian universities is a policy implication.

The Formation of Subsequent Entrepreneurial Intention: Happiness Matters

Subsequent entrepreneurial intention is a good predictor of serial entrepreneurial endeavors which facilitate the sustainability of economic growth. Previous research has investigated the influence of economic outcomes on continuous engagement in entrepreneurial activities. However, despite frequent calls by scholars, limited attention has been given to the psychological factors that could explain how economic performance influences intention. This study aims at answering some of these questions, including whether entrepreneurs are willing to continue creating new ventures after achieving positive economic feedback from their current business, and what the psychological drivers are behind such intentions. Borrowing insights from the field of positive psychology, this study develops a framework to understand the role of the performance of a firm and happiness in the subsequent intention formation process, testing the mediated moderation effect using data collected from 1019 entrepreneurs in China. The results show that current firm performance significantly enhances subsequent entrepreneurial intention, while the relationship is mediated by the happiness of the entrepreneurs. Family cohesion attenuates the influence of firm performance on happiness, which shows that for entrepreneurs, family issues play an important role in their mental state. The theoretical and practical implications of the framework are also discussed.

Academic entrepreneurial engagement for frugal innovation in higher education institutions: a systematic literature review

Higher education institutions (HEI) are faced with increasing challenges related to shrinking resources, high operation costs, the COVID-19 pandemic, decreasing student enrolment rates, and pressure to contribute to regional development and economic growth. To overcome such challenges, academics must move beyond their traditional functions of research and teaching and engage in entrepreneurial activities. Through engagement in entrepreneurial activities, academics can contribute to frugal innovation (FI) in private HEI (PHEI). The literature in this context emphasizes that academic entrepreneurial engagement (AEE) will lead to innovation, the identification of opportunities for new business ventures, financial rewards for institutions and academics, an impact on the economy, and the enhancement of social welfare. This study presents a systematic review of the literature and adopts the Transfield five-phase strategy to review the literature on AEE from the past two decades (2000–2020). A total of 1,067 papers on FI are obtained, only five of which focus on AEE. Moreover, papers related to AEE for FI are few. The study presents the research gaps, challenges, and potential factors for further research in this context. We conclude that FI for AEE in PHEI can be a game-changer for future sustainability. Moreover, we believe that the outcome of this review warrants further research.

Wired In? Genetic Traits and Entrepreneurship Around the World

Entrepreneurship is a cornerstone of technological innovation and economic development. We posit that the genetic make-up of countries (populations) will affect the extent of their engagement in entrepreneurial activities, in addition to the factors showcased by prior literature (e.g., institutions, culture, socio-economic, demographic, or historical). To test this conjecture we employ a country-level genetic measure that is commonly associated with novelty- and risk- seeking behaviours using the frequency of the 2- and 7-repeat allele variants of the DRD4 exon III gene. Our results confirm a systematic, positive association between genetics and entrepreneurial activities across 97 countries using a large set of controls and battery of robustness tests. These findings reconcile the “nature versus nurture” debate with respect to entrepreneurial activities around the world and provide some valuable insights on the significance of different determinants of entrepreneurship.

Wired in? Genetic traits and entrepreneurship around the world

Entrepreneurship is a cornerstone of technological innovation and economic development. We posit that the genetic make-up of countries (populations) will affect the extent of their engagement in entrepreneurial activities, in addition to the factors showcased by prior literature (e.g., institutions, culture, socio-economic, demographic, or historical). To test this conjecture we employ a country-level genetic measure that is commonly associated with novelty- and risk- seeking behaviours using the frequency of the 2- and 7-repeat allele variants of the DRD4 exon III gene. Our results confirm a systematic, positive association between genetics and entrepreneurial activities across 97 countries using a large set of controls and battery of robustness tests. These findings reconcile the “nature versus nurture” debate with respect to entrepreneurial activities around the world and provide some valuable insights on the significance of different determinants of entrepreneurship.

Time Perspective and Entrepreneurial Orientation in Family Firms: Some Theoretical Propositions

In this theoretical article, we highlight the central role of an important dimension of psychological time related to individual experiences and perceptions of the past, present, and future—time perspective (or TP)—in influencing the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) of family firms. To do so, we draw on the TP, entrepreneurship, and family business literatures and provide insight into how a CEO’s TP influences family firm engagement in entrepreneurial activities. Family firm specifics also play important roles in the TP-EO relationship. We propose that (1) the positive TP of the family firm CEO (i.e., past-positive, present-hedonistic, and future TP) has positive effects on family firm EO; (2) the negative TP (i.e., past-negative and present-fatalistic TP) has negative effects on family firm EO, but these effect are mitigated by family firm specifics; and (3) the effects of EO on the subsequent TP of the CEO (and other family members) are based on previous TP and are likely to be moderated by the feeling of being instrumental and positive affect, family support, and perseverance. Last, we discuss some implications for theory and research.

Entrepreneurial Universities and Sustainable Development. The Network Bricolage Process of Academic Entrepreneurs

This paper studies the network bricolage process of academic entrepreneurs (AEs). Based on a qualitative study, surprisingly, it shows how these entrepreneurs still encounter institutional barriers which exist in universities, in particular regarding building the social capital needed for exploiting their business ideas, and they are not, as expected, well connected to the existing formal networks but rather to the informal ones. This paper uses the bricolage approach of entrepreneurship and the literature on academic entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial universities, and social capital. In-depth interviews with key informants were conducted. Specifically, the study reveals the existence of a relevant network bricolage process of these AEs using informal versus formal networks to develop their ventures. As policy implications, there is a need for a better support from different university levels in order to increase the engagement in entrepreneurial activities of the different individuals. Universities should take a more proactive role when fostering AE activity and solve several barriers that still exist regarding knowledge transfer and entrepreneurship (e.g., bureaucracy and lack of confidence). For AEs, they need to take a more proactive role in building networks and ‘see-sawing’ between both types of network (formal and informal). By doing this, they can overcome the lack of knowledge, build trust, and improve word-of-mouth about their companies. All of this will benefit the university knowledge exchange. As a contribution, this paper explains the behavior of individual entrepreneurs when they exploit business ideas using the networks they have at hand in order to overcome institutional barriers in universities. Furthermore, it describes the process of the selection (‘see-sawing’ metaphor) of informal versus formal networks by AEs when applying their network bricolage.

The role of creativity in the context of academic entrepreneurship

The aim of this paper is to provide an insight into the role of creativity in the context of academic entrepreneurship. To move beyond prior research, we aim to explain the relationship between academics' perceptions of university departments being entrepreneurially oriented and their engagement in entrepreneurial academic activity by including a third variable, a mediator, namely the individual's creative self‐efficacy. Based on structural equation modelling, the results of this study reveal that it is not enough just to be entrepreneurially oriented for one's university department to engage in entrepreneurial academic activity, but academics have to believe and be confident in their own ability to be creative. Indeed, this study indicates the importance of encouraging creativity and innovation for creative potential to be realized as creative output resulting in the academics' engagement in entrepreneurial activities. Based on our analysis of two samples of academics from two European countries, the research implications are discussed.

A Psychobiographical Analysis of the Personality Traits of Steve Jobs’s Entrepreneurial Life

There has been increasing interest in the attributes of successful entrepreneurs. Increasingly, too, research on entrepreneurship has focused on the identification of personality traits conducive to entrepreneurial success. The present study moves away from predicting entrepreneurial success and instead focuses on exploring and describing the personality traits of a successful entrepreneur, namely Steve Jobs. A psychobiographical case study design and qualitative approach were employed to explore the extent to which Steve Jobs displayed the personality traits identified by Rauch and Frese (2007). Data collection and analysis were guided by three linked sub-processes proposed by Miles and Huberman (2002), which include (a) data reduction, (b) data display and (c) conclusion drawing and verification. The findings of this study show that, over the course of the subject’s life, the personality traits identified by Rauch and Frese (2007) as conducive to successful engagement in entrepreneurial activities were displayed, namely need for achievement, risk-taking, innovativeness, autonomy, internal locus of control, and self-efficacy. In so far as it can be argued that these personality traits inherently predisposed Steve Jobs to achieve the success he displayed as an entrepreneur, the findings of this study affirm the relevance of the personality trait perspective in describing and understanding the life course of successful entrepreneurs.

Influential Aspects of Women Engagement in Entrepreneurial Activities: A Study on Handicrafts Enterprise in Bangladesh

Influential Aspects of Women Engagement in Entrepreneurial Activities: A Study on Handicrafts Enterprise in Bangladesh

Academic entrepreneurship: phase-specific constraints and needs

PurposeAcademic entrepreneurship is extremely relevant in knowledge and technology transfer (KTT). The purpose of this study is to provide insights into phase-specific constraints and needs impacting scientists’ engagement in entrepreneurial activities at public research institutions.Design/methodology/approachIn an exploratory case study, 40 qualitative, semi-structured interviews were conducted with German academic entrepreneurs in the fields of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM).FindingsBased on the data analysis, an ideal-typical founding process with phase-specific barriers and needs was identified. Many constraints and associated needs occur in more than one phase, including the lack of knowledge, the demand for exchange formats, the lack of time and financial resources, institutionalized return options, the lack of human resources and the lack of incentives.Research limitations/implicationsGiven its exploratory approach, this study has limitations regarding its generalization; however, the presented findings may induce further research and in-depth analysis on this matter.Practical implicationsSeveral recommendations for action are provided for each phase of the founding process to strengthen the (entrepreneurial) transfer in research organizations. Generally, a pioneering indicator of excellence in the science system should be developed to promote transfer next to publications.Originality/valueThe study contributes to existing literature on determinants of academic entrepreneurship by indicating the phase-specific constraints and needs throughout the founding process and discussing those needs in the theoretical context of current societal and technological mega-trends.

Leadership Styles and Entrepreneurial Orientation

The style and form of leadership is critical to the organization’s inclination and engagement in entrepreneurial activities and behaviour. This is as leadership styles offer either support and encouragement for entrepreneurial orientation or a stifling of innovativeness and pro-activeness through strict policies which emphasize conformity and unequivocal adherence to standards and norms. This paper is a critical review of leadership styles and their relationship with entrepreneurial orientation. The paper assessed five leadership styles – autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire, transactional and transformational leadership styles; and their impact on entrepreneurial orientation. The discourse revealed that the democratic and transformational leadership styles both share qualities and content which encourage and support entrepreneurial orientation characteristics such as aggressive competitiveness, innovativeness, pro-activeness, risk-taking and autonomy. The paper concluded that both leadership styles – democratic and transformational leadership style; evidently support and enhance organization’s capacity and tendency for entrepreneurial orientation. Keywords: Entrepreneurial orientation, leadership style, autocratic, lasses-faire, democratic, transactional, transformational. DOI : 10.7176/EJBM/11-8-11 Publication date :March 31 st 2019

Opportunity-Based versus Necessity-Based Entrepreneurship Preference for Self-Employment and Entrepreneurial Involvement among College Students: A Case Study of Kirinyaga University

r of study and then semester of study (whether first or second). Simple Random sampling was then used to obtain representative samples from each of the homogenous groupings. Questionnaires were the main data collection tool and contained closed-ended and open-ended test items. Questionnaires were administered to the students through their class representatives and the filled questionnaires were picked back after an agreed time. In general, about 90% of the questionnaires were received back from the students. Of this 90%, approximately 80% were adequately and correctly filled and were used for data analysis. In order to obtain objective data for determination of variability between the genders, a test item on gender of the respondent was included. Data analysis revealed that between the pull and push motivations, the latter played a more significant role in determining student engagement in entrepreneurial activities. This is significant since it is expected that students would go into Entrepreneurship ‘willingly’ and not because of lack of a ‘better option’. Policy makers would find this research significant to inform their policy decisions in making entrepreneurial engagement among the youth an attractive option for national economic growth and development.

Entrepreneurial interest and academic performance in Nigeria: evidence from undergraduate students in the University of Ibadan

Entrepreneurial interest among the youth population is a panacea for unemployment especially due to high turnout of educated individuals in the labour force. This paper provides findings on the factors that determine entrepreneurship interest among the youth population in Nigeria using the University of Ibadan as a case study. Empirical results on whether engagement in entrepreneurial activities interferes with academic performance; extent of involvement and gender differences are also presented. The logit and multinomial logit models were used to examine the factors that influence entrepreneurship interest and interference with academic performance, respectively. Descriptive statistics and the T test were employed in examining the extent of involvement and whether there is a statistically significant difference across gender. The results showed that subjective norm, perceived behavioural control and family business background significantly predicts students’ interest in entrepreneurship. Engagement in entrepreneurial activity has no significant effect on students’ academic performance. Findings suggest relatively low entrepreneurial engagement among students with significant differences across gender.

Entrepreneurship Addiction: Shedding Light on the Manifestation of the “Dark Side” in Work-Behavior Patterns

We examine the notion of entrepreneurship addiction, the compulsive engagement in entrepreneurial activities. We address what is unique about this type of behavioral addiction compared to related w...