Enforcement Measures Research Articles

Derived cannabinoid product availability among online vape shops

ObjectivesTo determine the proportion of online vape shops that offer derived cannabinoid products in a large metropolitan area (San Diego, California), measure their compliance with state hemp regulations, and estimate whether these shops receive more website traffic compared to those that offered nicotine or tobacco. MethodsWe obtained vape shops (n = 109) using browser-based (i.e., Google Search) and map-based (i.e., Google Maps and Yelp) searches in San Diego from March to August 2023 and conducted a content analysis of their websites to identify derived cannabinoid products offered for mail-order purchasing. Using website traffic data, we examined the association between derived cannabinoid product availability and monthly website visits. ResultsAmong the 109 online vape shops in the study sample, 35.8 % offered derived cannabinoid products for mail-order purchase and 26.6 % sold flavored (excluding terpenes) and inhalable cannabinoid products. Compared to vape shops that did not offer derived cannabinoid products (Mean: 23,619; 95 % CI: 23,605–23,634), those offering flavored and inhalable cannabinoid products received 2.5 times more monthly website visits (Mean: 57,950; 95 % CI: 57,913–57,986) and those offering any derived cannabinoid products received 5.5 times more monthly website visits (Mean: 130,694; 95 % CI: 130,607–130,782). ConclusionThe prevalence of flavored and inhalable derived cannabinoid products, despite being prohibited under California’s hemp regulations, highlights the need for additional enforcement measures to ensure retailer compliance. The higher website traffic observed among vape shops offering cannabinoid products may be indicative of greater popularity of retailers selling derived cannabinoid products compared to those selling nicotine or tobacco products alone.

The Impact of Tax Audit Intensity and Probability of Fraud Detection on Tax Evasion: The Moderating Role of Tax Officials' Service

This study investigates the relationships between tax audit intensity, the probability of fraud detection, and tax evasion while examining the moderating role of tax officials' service. The research reveals that tax audit intensity significantly reduces tax evasion, confirming its effectiveness as a deterrent. However, the hypothesis regarding the probability of fraud detection's impact on tax evasion was rejected, indicating that the likelihood of detection does not directly influence taxpayer behavior in this context. Additionally, the study found no significant moderating effect of tax officials' service on the relationship between tax audit intensity, fraud detection probability, and tax evasion. These findings suggest that while audit intensity is crucial for enhancing compliance, the quality of service provided by tax officials does not substantially alter taxpayer responses to enforcement measures. The results underscore the need for tax authorities to prioritize strengthening audit processes and detection mechanisms while recognizing that service quality, though important for building long-term trust, may not significantly influence immediate compliance behavior. Future research should explore other moderating factors that could impact taxpayer decisions in varying economic and cultural contexts.

New approaches to the implementation of supervisory powers in capital markets and organized commodity markets

The article analyzes new mechanisms and measures of influence on supervisory entities in capital markets and organized commodity markets. A general positive assessment is given to the innovations related to the introduction of more flexible tools for adjusting the state of stock and organized commodity markets, as well as the expansion of the powers of the National Securities and Stock Market Commission (NSSMC), while simultaneously strengthening the legal guarantees of the rights of supervised entities. Attention is paid to changes regarding the inclusion of individuals as subjects of responsibility under this law, clearer delineation of the scope of supervised entities, and significant expansion of the rights of supervised entities by utilizing the best practices of regulating procedural relations between the supervisory body and the supervised entity. The article also explores the deepening regulation of communicative connections between these entities and the procedures for implementing supervisory measures. Attention is given to preventive measures for violations, such as «recommendations by inspectors» and «requests for the adoption of measures.» The article analyzes new forms of implementing supervisory powers and measures of influence on supervised entities, as well as new mechanisms for their implementation that were not previously known in domestic practice. The legal significance of «public warnings» is highlighted, and a legal evaluation of «settlement agreements regarding the consequences of violating sectoral legislation» is provided as an alternative to administrative enforcement measures. According to the authors, concluding such an agreement cannot be considered as a discretionary power of the NSSMC but rather a right of the supervised entity. Conclusions are made regarding the compliance of the introduction of «controlled services» with the IOSCO principle. Taking into account the guarantees of the rights of supervised entities, as stipulated in Article 35 of the Law of Ukraine «On Amendments to the Law of Ukraine ‘On State Regulation of Capital Markets and Organized Commodity Markets’ and Some Other Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Improving State Regulation and Supervision in Capital Markets and Organized Commodity Markets» of February 22, 2024, No. 3585-IX (hereinafter referred to as Law No. 3585-IX). The article defines the functional purpose of legislative restrictions on financial sanctions against supervised entities - legal entities, which, in the authors’ view, aim to prevent their economic destruction and the disruption of economic ties in the respective market. In conclusion, the changes introduced as a result of the adoption of Law No. 3585-IX are expected to positively impact the relationship between the regulator and market participants. The innovations in the practice of legal regulation of relations between the regulator and supervised entities deserve to be extended to other similar areas of state control and supervision.

Evaluating the Crash Risk and Traffic Offenses of Motorized Two-Wheelers: A Study Specific to Food Delivery Riders

Food delivery riders (FDRs) rely on motorized two-wheelers that are innately unstable, resulting in safety risks. FDRs perform several traffic violations because of delivery time restrictions that result in concern for road safety. In this study, the available Motorcycle Rider Behavior Questionnaire (MRBQ) is modified by considering the opinion of focus groups, to study the riding behavior of FDRs using a sample of 431 participants. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a five-factor solution loaded with 31 items. This research emphasizes that the risky behavior of FDRs is influenced by surrounding traffic and the road environment, in addition to their individual riding behavior. The self-reported crash, near crash, and traffic offenses data of FDRs showed a higher variance when compared with the mean (i.e., over-dispersed). Therefore, the relationship between the target variables—crash in past year, near crash in past year, and penalized traffic offenses in past year—and MRBQ factor scores were established using negative binomial regression analysis. Negative binomial regression analysis shows that the surrounding traffic factor has the highest incidence rate ratio, proving it to be the most significant predictor of crash risk for FDRs in addition to their own aberrant riding behavior. Based on this research, the enforcement of road safety policies can be effective in reducing aberrant riding behavior performed by FDRs such as traffic violation. The risky driving behavior of surrounding traffic can be properly dealt with by imposing hefty penalties and strict enforcement measures, and by spreading awareness.

Naczelnik urzędu skarbowego – najszerzej uprawniony administracyjny organ egzekucyjny

The article discusses the regulations relating to enforcement authorities contained in the Administrative Enforcement Proceedings Act. The study aims to indicate the special role of the head of the tax office in administrative enforcement proceedings. Analyzing the applicable regulations, the author points to the broad powers and practical consequences associated with this type of enforcement authority. He proves that administrative enforcement authorities are differently and unequally equipped in the application of enforcement measures.

Genotyping of Candida tropicalis isolates uncovers nosocomial transmission of two lineages in Italian tertiary-care hospital

Candida tropicalis is a medically important yeast with rising antifungal resistance, while nosocomial transmission is rarely reported. Here we genotyped C. tropicalis isolates from Italian hospitals to uncover potential nosocomial transmission and assess resistance. A total of 197 C. tropicalis isolates from 161 patients was collected from five centres from 2013 to 2023. Short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping was conducted on all isolates and a selection of 24 isolates was typed with whole genome sequencing (WGS) and the novel Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy method. Antifungal resistance was investigated with microbroth dilution and WGS. STR genotyping revealed seven clusters with isolates from multiple patients. WGS single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis on five groups of isolates with related STR genotypes also separated these isolates into five groups, of which two groups contained a cluster of isolates from different patients distinguished by 59 or fewer SNPs. In comparison, sequential isolates within three patients were differentiated by 141 SNPs at most. The two C. tropicalis WGS clusters also clustered based on FTIR genotyping, although this method did not separate the isolates into five groups. None of the 24 isolates were resistant to common antifungals. WGS SNP analysis indicated nosocomial transmission of two lineages within the same hospital, highlighting the need for enforced infection prevention measures and the need for routine genotyping on this common yeast in clinical settings. While both STR and FTIR genotyping also clustered these lineages, WGS SNP analysis is required to determine whether isolates were clonally transmitted.

Factors Affecting Crash Severity on Two Major Intercity Roads in Western Sri Lanka: A Random Parameter Logit Approach

Although Sri Lanka has significant traffic-related fatalities and injuries, only a limited number of studies have focused on the road safety challenge. This study applies the random parameters logit model to police reported crash data to identify the factors contributing to the severity of crashes in Sri Lanka. We find that severe crashes are associated with roadways that are unlit, in rural areas and have traffic controls, dual purpose vehicles, heavy vehicles, head-on and hit pedestrian crashes, drivers who are unlicensed, and casualties who are older (65 years and older) and do not use safety equipment, while minor crashes are associated with rear-end crashes, and female or younger (aged 25 years or younger) casualties. Several engineering, enforcement, and education measures are recommended based on the risk factors identified.

Is it all about mobile phones? Exploring drivers’ perceptions of government information and road rules on distracted driving

Distracted driving is a traffic safety issue worldwide. While the development of comprehensive information and road rules about distracted driving by governments is essential to address the issue, there is evidence showing that existing road rules and information may not always deter drivers from engaging in distractions while driving. Therefore, this study explored drivers’ views on government information and road rules concerning distracted driving, aiming to understand how these rules and information have shaped drivers’ perceptions and behaviour towards distractions. Interviews (n = 35) were conducted with Queensland drivers aged between 21 and 70 years and a thematic analysis was used to explore the data. Based on the findings, government information on distracted driving was believed by participants to be incomprehensive, not effectively communicated, and focused on mobile phone use. Road rules and enforcement measures often prioritise mobile phone use and contain grey areas that may confuse drivers about legal and illegal distractions. The results showed that the perceived risk of distractions varies among drivers, with some distractions not being considered as risky as other behaviours (e.g., using a smartwatch). Findings showed that government practices are believed to influence drivers’ perceptions and behaviour about distracted driving, encouraging an inaccurate perception about driver safety and with the potential to prompt drivers to engage with distracting behaviours without knowledge nor consideration of the risks. The results of this study offer important insights for policymakers in developing and disseminating comprehensive information and road rules for distracted driving.

Assessing the risk of overexploitation to a tarantula species in the pet trade.

The global pet trade in invertebrates remains poorly understood and underrepresented in policy and research. Tarantulas are a highly traded invertebrate group. Many individuals in trade are wild caught, and trade regulation is often lacking, raising concerns about the effect of trade on local ecosystems and populations. We addressed local concerns surrounding the international trade of Tapinauchenius rasti (Caribbean diamond tarantula), which is endemic to Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. We assessed the extinction risks associated with this widely traded species by analyzing supply of and demand for the species with the COM-B (capability, opportunity, motivation, behavior) model. This model breaks down decision-making into capability, opportunity, and motivation. We interviewed stakeholders throughout the supply chain and analyzed content of an online hobbyist forum and a time series of prices for this species and other tarantulas. In terms of motivation, there was limited preference for the Caribbean diamond tarantula due to its morphology and behavior. In terms of opportunity, the species was readily available, primarily through captive breeding. Collecting wild specimens is challenging due to enforcement measures and logistical difficulties, making it an unprofitable endeavor. In terms of capability, the species was relatively low in price, likely because it is easy to breed in captivity. As a result, the current wildlife trade does not pose a significant threat to the Caribbean diamond tarantula. Our methodology can serve as a valuable tool for assessing potential threats posed by trade to other spider species and possibly other invertebrates. Understanding these threats is crucial for promoting responsible and sustainable trade practices that minimize risks to wild populations while ensuring equitable benefits for communities coexisting with wildlife.

The need for a socioecological harm reduction approach to reduce illegal wildlife trade.

The burgeoning illegal trade in succulents in southern Africa presents a critical conservation and social development challenge. Drawing parallels with the trajectory of the response to rhinoceros poaching, we considered the consequences of conservation law enforcement measures, particularly the militarization of antipoaching efforts. The response to rhinoceros poaching not only resulted in so-called green militarization, but also led to extrajudicial killings, human rights abuses, and the disproportionate targeting of low-level poachers. The nature of wildlife trade prohibition is complex and often contested, and many actors operating in illegal wildlife trades dispute the label of illegal for socioeconomic, cultural, historical, or political reasons. This contestation is crucial when considering Indigenous cultural and medicinal values of succulents, with Indigenous Peoples and local communities questioning the criminalization of traditional plant harvesting practices. As the illegal trade in succulents continues to grow, it is imperative for conservationists to consider a nuanced approach. We call for a socioecological harm reduction approach that emphasizes community engagement, sustainable use, and codesigned interventions. Such an approach could help balance the scales of ecological conservation and human dignity in the face of growing wildlife trade challenges.

The Evolution Of Drug Trafficking In Nigeria: Analysing Law Enforcement Strategies And Their Impact On Combating The Drug Menace

Drug trafficking remains a significant challenge in Nigeria, with complex socio-political and economic factors driving its persistence. The purpose of this paper is to examine the evolution of drug trafficking in Nigeria and evaluates the effectiveness of law enforcement strategies in combating this menace. The study adopts a qualitative research approach with semi-structured interviews with law enforcement officials and former traffickers. Thematic and narrative analyses are used to uncover the underlying themes and individual experiences that shape the drug trade and enforcement efforts. Findings reveal that while Nigeria has implemented various strategies, including legislative reforms and cross-border collaborations, the effectiveness of these measures is hindered by inadequate resources, and the adaptive strategies of traffickers. The study also highlights the need for a more integrated approach that includes community-based interventions and stronger international cooperation. By analysing the narratives of those involved and the strategies employed, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the drug trafficking landscape in Nigeria and offers insights for more effective policy and enforcement measures.

Analysing Discrimination based on Genetic Information

This paper analyzes and critiques existing literature on discrimination based on genetic information collected during genetic tests of individuals and the legal issues attached therewith. Genetic variations, which can lower or raise disease risk, result from the inheritance of parental genes. Subjecting individuals to stigmatization based on their unique ancestry or genetic status raises legitimate concerns. The literature review reveals that the issue of discrimination based on genetic information has occurred in countries like the United States and Canada. Accordingly, concerns regarding new forms of discrimination arising from the collection of information during genetic testing have grown over the decades in the wake of technological advancements in biotechnology, health, and allied sciences, as several studies have revealed. On the contrary, more material sufficiency in India necessitates consulting data from various disciplines. A conceptual framework is proposed to examine the theoretical foundations of non-discrimination provisions, compare genetic information non-discrimination legislation in the United States and Canada to India, and evaluate the practicality of implementing such laws in India. The initial testing of this framework suggests that due to insufficient legislation, there may be a need for enforceable measures to mitigate genetic information-related discrimination in India. The research problem requires qualitative research to gain an in-depth comprehension of experiences, phenomena, and context. This paper makes two main contributions: establishing a comprehensive background to allow comparisons by scholars and policymakers on the matter and helping to further the debate on the subject to generate value-based research regarding the ethical, legal, and social impacts of genetic research and anti-discrimination laws.KEYWORDS: Non-discrimination, Genetics and law, Literature review, Genetic discrimination.

Trademark Right Protection in Electronic Commerce: Challenges and Countermeasures

As a vital element of core intellectual property for businesses, trademarks play a crucial role in upholding brand image, safeguarding consumer rights, and fostering fair market competition. This paper aims to delve into the challenges encountered in trademark rights protection within e-commerce based on relevant content from trademark law. It further proposes corresponding legal strategies to address these challenges with the goal of promoting sustained and healthy growth within the e-commerce industry. This study uncovers complexities and covert nature associated with trademark infringement activities in e-commerce, as well as widespread cross-border trade infringements and high costs related to evidence collection and rights protection. Corresponding measures to address these issues are then proposed. The research findings underscore the significance of refining laws and regulations, bolstering international cooperation and judicial assistance efforts, intensifying enforcement measures and penalties, as well as establishing robust mechanisms for protecting rights. This paper holds substantial importance in advancing a healthy environment for e-commerce industry development, maintaining equitable competitive market conditions, safeguarding legitimate rights of trademark holders and consumers, and propelling forward intellectual property protection system construction within the realm of e-commerce.

Drivers’ Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Towards Traffic Rules and Regulations

Research frequently reports that the majority of crashes (up to 80%), are the fault of drivers. Further, the WHO reports that most fatal crashes occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). In LMIC, including Pakistan, most drivers have low levels of knowledge about traffic rules and regulations, have negative attitudes towards rules and regulations and often violate road safety rules. This study used a structured survey of drivers in Karachi, Pakistan (n=260). Most respondents were aware that helmet use for motorbike riders is compulsory (74.6%), agreed it was important to follow road signs (74.2%) and wear a seat belt (64.6%). However, over half did not know the speed limit in residential areas (54.6%) and almost half considered drug use when driving was not dangerous or were against the penalty or fine for violation of traffic laws (45.4%). In addition, 45.8% of all drivers thought driving licenses were unnecessary. This study suggests there may be low levels of driver knowledge of certain road rules (e.g. speed limit), negative attitudes about certain safe driving practices (drug driving), and low levels of value placed on driving license in Karachi, Pakistan. Analysis suggest that knowledge and attitude affect driver practices in Karachi, Pakistan. Strengthening enforcement and related public communication measures about traffic rules and greater penalties that are sufficiently deterring for the violators of the traffic rules is needed. There must also be a formal mechanism to issue the driving licence after a proper test of the knowledge of road rules and driving following those rules.

ADRESSING NON-COMPLIANCE WITH HALAL PRODUCT REGULATIONS IN INDONESIA: SAFEGUARDING MUSLIM CONSUMER RIGHTS

This article examines the persistent non-compliance of producers with halal product regulations in Indonesia and its implications for safeguarding the rights of Muslim consumers. Despite the enactment of the Halal Product Assurance Law in 2014, a significant discrepancy exists between regulatory mandates and actual adherence. Through a normative-juridical approach involving legal interpretation and analysis of government reports and academic literature, this study delves into the various factors contributing to this issue. The research findings indicate that non-compliance arises from a combination of regulatory uncertainties, institutional inefficiencies, and socio-economic challenges. Notably, inadequate enforcement mechanisms, overlapping institutional jurisdictions, and the financial burden of certification processes are identified as key factors. This non-compliance undermines the halal integrity of products, thereby violating the rights of Muslim consumers as stipulated by Islamic law. Resolving this issue necessitates a comprehensive overhaul of the halal certification system, encompassing streamlined procedures, improved inter-agency collaboration, and strengthened enforcement measures. These efforts contribute to the broader dialogue on religious consumer rights and regulatory adherence in diverse societies, offering valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders in the halal sector.

Pharmaceutical Dependence and Organization of a Criminal Subculture

Pharmacy drug addiction can lead to the formation of criminal subcultures and groups where people suffering from drug addiction can gather. This creates an environment in which criminal activity can become widespread, with the illegal trade in medicines contributing to increased crime rates in society. Access to prescription drugs (especially opioids, antidepressants, and psychostimulants) through the Internet and illicit channels is contributing to the rise in addiction among various segments of the population, especially among adolescents and young adults. A tendency immediately appears to organize a criminal subculture: its own circle, its own colloquial clichés. Pharmacy addiction causes serious damage to the health of young people, but also contributes to the development of a criminal subculture involved in the illegal trade and distribution of drugs. The author examines the causes leading to the development of addiction and analyzes the consequences for health and social sphere. Particular attention is paid to the structure and functioning of criminal groups involved in the illegal trade in medicines. The impact of these groups on society, including increased crime and economic losses, is examined. The article also proposes measures to prevent and combat pharmacy addiction and the criminal subculture, including strengthening control over the circulation of prescription drugs, prevention programs and law enforcement measures.

Role of Media Representation in Shaping Public Perceptions of Crime in Tanzania

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the role of media representation in shaping public perceptions of crime in Tanzania. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Media representation plays a significant role in shaping public perceptions of crime in Tanzania by influencing how crime is perceived and understood by the general population. Sensationalized reporting and frequent coverage of violent crimes create a heightened sense of fear and insecurity, often leading to a distorted view of the prevalence and nature of crime. This can result in public demand for stricter law enforcement and punitive measures, sometimes disproportionately affecting certain communities. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Research on the role of media representation in shaping public perceptions of crime in Tanzania highlights several key points. Media coverage often emphasizes sensational or high-profile crimes, which can inflate public fear and skew perceptions of crime rates. Sensationalism and biased reporting contribute to distorted views, reinforcing stereotypes and increasing public anxiety. This media influence also affects policy and law enforcement responses, as crime coverage can shift political priorities and lead to reactive measures. Social media exacerbates these effects by spreading unverified information rapidly, adding to public concern.

Achilles’ heel: elderly COVID-19 vaccination policy in China

BackgroundDespite high overall COVID-19 vaccine coverage, the continuously low elderly vaccination rate in mainland China remains a dangerous threat as the country shifts away from its zero-Covid policy. This retrospective study uses the Multiple Streams Framework to examine how macro-level factors may explain poor elderly vaccination outcomes.MethodsWe performed a thematic analysis of qualitative data obtained from 95 official press conferences from October 20, 2020, to February 27, 2023, vaccination-related policy documents, and media coverage, using both inductive and deductive coding approaches.ResultsOur findings suggest that in the problem stream, elderly vaccination was not a “focusing event” during the initial vaccine rollout, resulting in delayed outreach to this population. Additionally, ideologically driven complacency and discrepancies in top-down implementation undermined elderly vaccination in the political stream. In the policy stream, precautious and ambiguous statements, inconsistent policy content, radical shifting media messages, and less age-friendly digital technologies also affected elderly vaccination.ConclusionsThe poor convergence of the three streams led the elderly to be the Achilles’ heel of China’s COVID-19 containment strategy. Future studies should focus on priority identification, adoption of enforcement measures, and timely and effective policy dissemination. The empirical lessons from China can inform and optimize elderly vaccination policy design and implementation in the post-pandemic era.

The principle of proportionality of measures to enforce decisions and the volume of claims under decisions in enforcement proceedings

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the principle of proportionality of measures of forced execution of decisions and the volume of claims on decisions in enforcement proceedings. It is determined that the principle of proportionality of measures of forced execution of decisions and the volume of claims on decisions in enforcement proceedings finds its manifestation in a number of provisions of legislation. The article cites these provisions of the legislation on enforcement proceedings and analyzes them. It is pointed out that the essence of the principle of proportionality of measures of compulsory execution of decisions and the volume of claims on decisions is always associated with the need to ensure and respect the rights of the debtor. However, in the author’s opinion, this principle should also reflect another important aspect of enforcement proceedings – sufficiency of enforcement measures for the actual execution of the decision. This side should also be enshrined in the content of the principle of proportionality of measures of forced execution of decisions and the volume of claims under the decisions. It is concluded that the principle of proportionality of measures of forced execution of decisions and the volume of claims under decisions should not be considered narrowly enough. Scientific positions concerning the legal regulation of the principle of proportionality of measures of forced execution of decisions and the volume of claims under decisions are studied. The opinion is supported that in the legislation on enforcement proceedings it is necessary to formulate a separate article devoted to the content of the principle of proportionality of measures of forced execution of decisions and the volume of claims on decisions. Separate aspects of determining the criteria of proportionality of measures of compulsory execution of decisions and the volume of claims under decisions and judicial practice have been studied. On the basis of the analysis it is concluded that an important general criterion of proportionality of measures of forced execution of decisions and the volume of claims on decisions is the criterion of legality of the executor’s actions developed by the judicial practice of the Supreme Court. The criterion of proportionality should be the focus of the executor’s actions to ensure the fulfillment of the final court decision.

Legal Protection for Suspects in the Investigation Process of Terrorism Criminal Acts in Order to Fulfill Human Rights n the Region of the Riau Islands Police

The background of this study is the high number of terrorism cases in Indonesia that require strict law enforcement measures but must still respect human rights. Legal protection for suspects in the investigation process is crucial to ensure a fair legal process and in accordance with human rights standards regulated in various laws and regulations, including the Criminal Procedure Code, Law No. 5 of 2018, the 1945 Constitution, and Law No. 39 of 1999.The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of legal protection for suspects of terrorism crimes in the Riau Islands Police area, identify obstacles faced in implementing this protection, and formulate solutions to overcome these obstacles. The research method used is the empirical legal method, with a qualitative approach involving data collection through interviews, observations, and document studies.The results of the study indicate that the implementation of legal protection for suspects in the Riau Islands Police area is still less than optimal. The main obstacles identified include abuse of authority by law enforcement officers, lack of resources and capacity, and social stigma and discrimination against suspects. Abuse of authority often occurs in the form of unprocedural arrests and detentions, while limited resources result in a lack of adequate equipment and training for officers. Social stigma worsens the situation by hindering fair and humane legal protection. Based on the results of the study, it is recommended that supervision and accountability for the actions of law enforcement officers be strengthened, training and capacity building for officers be carried out continuously, and anti-stigma education and campaigns be carried out for the community. These steps are expected to increase the effectiveness of human rights protection for suspects, so that the process of investigating terrorism crimes can be carried out more fairly and in accordance with the principles of law and justice.