Energy Strategy Of Ukraine Research Articles

ON THE METHOD AND TOOL OF INTELLECTUALIZATION OF PUBLIC MANAGEMENT OF ENERGY SUPPLY SECTOR IN UKRAINE

By analyzing the strategic documents on the development of the energy sector of the national economy of Ukraine, the article states that one of the key problems of the development in the context of the energy transition is that these documents lack goals and objectives to change the mentality of the population of the country and the human resources of the industry, as well as of public authorities and the administration of their activities. The article outlines the practical lack of conscious consideration of behavioural factors of human resources in the energy sector of national market economy, which is defined as one of the most difficult components to change given the energy transition of global national economies. To theoretically substantiate the possibilities of improving the public management of the energy transition strategy of the national energy supply system through the intellectualization of its managerial and executive personnel, the article proposes the use of technology of change management in the intellectual orientation and mentality of human resources involved in energy generation, distribution and consumption by intellectualizing and changing their mentality. For this, the article uses an original method and algorithm to create personal and group intellectual portraits based on the graph-analytical model of a person’s economic temperament. Ideal, desired and real portraits of a person were formalized, and recommendations were made on their possible participation in the energy supply processes. The article demonstrates that new mechanisms for using the intelligence of each employee and the collective intelligence of the system can be formed in the country’s energy management system through selecting human resources for the public management and administration system according to the reasonable and recommended intellectual dominants of the individual. These mechanisms are directed towards accomplishing tasks and ensuring the achievement of the goals of energy transition and sustainable development of the country, as outlined in the government document “Energy Strategy of Ukraine until 2050.

TARGET INDICATORS OF UKRAINE'S LOW-CARBON POWER SECTOR DEVELOPMENT

Ukraine's commitments as a party to the Paris Climate Agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions with a gradual increase in ambition provides for low-carbon economic development with decarbonization of its sectors. The Ukraine’s power sector with a 20% contribution to total GHG emissions, due mainly to the fossil fuel combustion at thermal power plants and CHPs with a significant share of coal in the fuel balance, must make a transformation of its structure to reduce the carbon intensity of electricity generation with the expected increase in electricity consumption. The purpose of the article is to review Ukraine's current and prospective obligations regarding its low-carbon development and the formation of relevant target indicators for the development of Ukraine's power sector. The main obligations have been determined regarding low-carbon development contained in the Updated Nationally Determined Contribution of Ukraine with a 65% reduction in GHG emissions in 2030 compared to 1990, the National Economic Strategy for the period until 2030 with the declared achievement of carbon neutrality of the economy by 2060 and carbon neutrality of the energy sector with the maximum reduction of coal use laid down in the Energy Strategy of Ukraine until 2050. The introduction of a carbon border adjustment mechanism with taxation of electricity imported in the EU from 2026 may become a certain obstacle to the import of electricity when the electricity markets of Ukraine and the EU are united, and will become another factor in the need to increase the share of low-carbon and carbon-free generation.

Fuzzy logic in the decision-making tasks of connecting renewable energy sources into the electricity supply system

The Third and Fourth EU Energy Packages, as well as the Energy Strategy of Ukraine “Safety, Energy Efficiency, Competitiveness” until 2035, define the development of electricity production using renewable energy sources among the priorities of the energy sector. In this situation, the decision-making process on the integration of renewable energy sources into the electricity supply system is of particular importance. The article develops a fuzzy model for assessing the risks of connecting (integration) renewable energy sources to the power supply system. The toolkit, based on logical rules, allows modeling various connection options. The data obtained can then be used to set requirements for the parameters of the electrical installation at the stage of issuing technical specifications to the customer. The modeling results demonstrate the adequacy of the developed knowledge base and the possibility of using it to develop a methodology for the controlled and efficient connection of renewable energy sources to the power grid.

PROBLEMS OF ENSURING ENERGY POLICY IN UKRAINE IN WARTIME CONDITIONS

Ukraine’s energy policy has an extensive structure in which all elements interact to function. Management activities in the field of energy policy are not unambiguous and simple, as they require taking into account various aspects of the country’s life. These include resource, technical, economic, environmental, organizational, administrative, managerial, social, innovative, political, geopolitical, security and other aspects, as well as ideological aspects of energy supply for vital needs and functions of the state, society and economy. In addition, energy policy activities can evolve significantly over time in the same country, depending on the dynamics of socio-economic, scientific and technological development, and the transformation of energy market models. In recent years, both Ukraine and the world have seen significant changes in the principles of energy sector regulation, and the range of methods of using energy as a tool for achieving political goals is expanding. In addition, the acceleration of economic processes in the world necessitates a rapid response to changes, which, when considering the transition to greening the economy, should be reflected in the state’s energy policy. It is worth noting that the energy policy created in recent years is specified in the relevant EU directives, which is directly transferred to the legal regulations of the EU states. These regulations significantly create conditions and even force reorientation of energy companies’ strategies, as well as cause changes in the behavior of energy consumers. To a large extent, the implementation of these changes is associated with the application of various types of innovations, especially technological and organizational ones. The purpose of the article is to analyze the problems of ensuring energy policy in Ukraine in wartime. In the course of the study, the following research methods were used: method of analysis, synthesis, systematization, comparison, abstract and logical method, statistical methods of studying economic processes. The article considers the reform of the energy policy of Ukraine, which is an integral part of economic and national security, a necessary condition for the development of the state; analyzes the “New Energy Strategy of Ukraine until 2035: Security, Energy Efficiency, Competition”; considers the basic configuration of the country’s energy policy formula, which will help optimize the energy sector infrastructure in accordance with the European Union’s energy efficiency directives; proposes principles of state regulation in the field of energy policy.

DEVELOPMENT OF A MECHANISM FOR ORGANIZATIONAL AND INNOVATIVE SUPPORT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CRITICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE FIELD OF DEFENCE CAPABILITY AND SECURITY ON THE BASIS OF ENERGY CLUSTERING OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY

Purpose. The aim of the article is to study the state and substantiate the proposals for the development of a mechanism for organizational and innovative support for the development of critical technologies in the field of defence capability and national security on the basis of energy clustering of the national economy. Methodology of research. The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical method of scientific knowledge. In the research process, general scientific and special methods were used, in particular analysis and synthesis, dialectical – to determine the initial conditions and content of critical technologies; analytical – when processing literary and Internet sources; causal – to determine the dynamics of the development of the energy sector of Ukraine; abstract and logical – for outlining the main directions of functioning of critical technologies in the field of energy security, clustering of the national economy, forming conclusions and proposals. Findings. Current and prospective critical technologies in the energy sector, which will be able to ensure the growth of the efficiency of the energy sector and national security of Ukraine, are summarized. Ways to reduce Ukraine's dependence on science-intensive technologies of foreign countries through the activation of its own fundamental, comprehensive research to create the latest resource- and energy-saving technologies are considered. The need for complex use of organizational-management, financial and economic mechanisms for stimulating innovative activity of enterprises for the development of critical technologies is substantiated. Originality. An assumption is made regarding the need to substantiate the choice of directions for achieving and maintaining a deficit-free supply of consumers with the necessary energy resources for the long term (taking into account the creation of conditions for providing consumers with the necessary types of energy in the necessary volumes during emergency situations of military, man-made and natural origin) at the expense of the development and implementation of critical technologies in the energy sector based on innovative forms of cluster formations and the organization of modern institutional structures of interaction. Practical value. The substantiated research results can be used to develop cluster formations for the development of critical technologies in the field of energy security as an important component of Ukraine's national security. Key words: energy, energy security, critical technologies, innovations, energy strategy of Ukraine, cluster.

Management of Renewable Resources in the Energy Sector in the Context of Ensuring the Economic Sustainability of Energy Systems

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the environmental, economic and financial aspects of the management of renewable resources in the energy sector with an assessment of the strategic development of renewable energy. One has assessed the potential of renewable energy sources in Ukraine, amounting to about 454.4 kWh, which is 59.2 million tons of reference fuel per year. The 2016-2020 analysis revealed that the capacity of the renewable electric power industry was increased to 10,900 MW, and the production of green electricity was up to 26 billion kW, while the generation of thermal energy from renewable resources increased to 5.85 million tons. The development of renewable resources was ensured by the issuance of Green and Sustainability-linked bonds for five years, amounting to 825 million USD with a yield rate of 6.785%. Directions were identified to increase the production of renewable resources in the energy sector and increase their share to 20% in accordance with the Energy Strategy of Ukraine until 2035. Therefore, there will be the demand for green and environmental investments and green bonds, indicating the placement of funds in energy efficient and environmental projects.

ОЦІНКА ОДНОРІДНОСТІ РЯДІВ СПОСТЕРЕЖЕНЬ ЗА КІЛЬКІСТЮ АТМОСФЕРНИХ ОПАДІВ ТА РІВНЯМИ ВОДИ НА ВОДНИХ ОБ’ЄКТАХ ЗОНИ ВПЛИВУ ХМЕЛЬНИЦЬКОЇ АЕС

The energy strategy of Ukraine until 2030 envisages the completion and commissioning of power units 3 and 4 at the Khmelnytskyi NPP. An important factor in the correct, uninterrupted operation of the Khao NPP is the availability of appropriate water resources and water levels that can be restored with the help of precipitation, as well as flow regulation. During the research period from 2019 to 2023, the cooling pond of Khao NPP was not recharged by pumping water from the Horyn River. The research methodology is based on the application of the hydrological-genetic and statistical method. The homogeneity of the series of observations according to statistical parametric and non-parametric criteria was determined; integrated total curves of water levels were constructed; graphs of surfaces are constructed; the precipitation unevenness coefficient was calculated. The possibility and expediency of applying statistical criteria to assess the significance of the presence of trends, which were revealed based on the data of observations of water levels and precipitation for the Horyn River near the village, is substantiated. Yampil and in the Khao NPP cooling pond. It was established that in most cases, the heterogeneity of the observation series can be influenced by anthropogenic factors, such as the regulation of the reservoir, the operation of reclamation systems, agricultural fields, overgrowth of the banks of the pond, siltation and waterlogging, floodplain meadows, and others. In cases of insignificant annual distribution of precipitation in the Yampil River and in the Khao NPP cooling pond, the latter does not have a significant impact on the distribution of water levels in them.

DEVELOPMENT OF CRITICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE FIELD OF ENERGY SECURITY OF UKRAINE

Purpose. A study of approaches to understanding the essence of the concept of “critical technologies”, an overview of the development of critical technologies in the field of energy security of Ukraine and an outline of the features of their use in modern conditions and for the future. Methodology of research. The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical method of scientific knowledge. General scientific and special methods were used in the research process, in particular: analysis and synthesis, dialectical – to determine the initial conditions and content of critical technologies; analytical – when processing literary and Internet sources; causal – to determine the dynamics of the development of the energy sector of Ukraine; abstract and logical – for outlining the main directions of functioning of critical technologies in the field of energy security, forming conclusions and proposals. Findings. Current and prospective critical technologies in the energy sector are summarized, which will be able to ensure the increase in the efficiency of the use of resources of the fuel and energy complex and ensure the comprehensive energy security of Ukraine. The impact of renewable energy sources is considered as a key parameter of the energy transition from the traditional use of energy resources to an innovative one, which can lead to the greening of the energy sector and the formation of an innovative and breakthrough model of the green economy. Originality. Measures to increase generation from renewable energy sources have been substantiated, which will make it possible to strengthen Ukraine's energy independence and contribute to the implementation of the Green Energy Course. A list of promising critical energy technologies in the field of energy security of Ukraine is proposed. Practical value. The substantiated research results can be used to form a list of the latest critical technologies in the field of energy security as an important component of Ukraine's national security. Key words: energy, energy security, critical technologies, innovations, energy strategy of Ukraine, energy supply, renewable energy sources, wind power plant, solar power plant.

Energy innovation market: analysis of trends and functioning issues

Introduction. The accepted Green Deal Policy led to the rapid development of energy innovations that reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase the countrys energy efficiency and energy security.The paper aims to analyze the trends, bottlenecks and problems of the energy innovation market in Ukraine and EU to determine the likelihood of achieving target indicators such as the Green Deal Policy and the Energy Strategy of Ukraine until 2035.Research methods. The study applied bibliometric analysis to systematize the theoretical framework in the analysis of the energy innovations. Besides, the authors applied the following methods: logical generalization, scientific abstraction, system- structural analysis.Results. In 2021, Mission Innovation member countries have invested more than $ 27 billion in clean energy research and development. The United States had the largest increasing in funding for research and development in energy innovation. In second place the People’s Republic of China. The findings showed that the energy innovations market in both the EU and Ukraine is not going according to the declared goals. First of all, experts attribute these gaps (the difference between current and planned targets) to the COVID-19 pandemic. The ability to bring new technologies to market will be weakened as a result of pandemic failures. In addition, market and political uncertainty threatens to reduce the resources available to entrepreneurs to study energy innovation. Perspectives. It is established that the policy of energy innovation development should be developed taking into account the possible explicit / latent and positive / negative transmission effects in the chain “business-government-society”. In addition, this policy should be consistent with the goals of the energy transition, ensure the competitiveness and technological security of the countries. The results showed that further research requires tools to stimulate the development of energy innovation in Ukraine based on the generalization of best practices of leading countries in the implementation of energy innovation.

Modern technical and software-analytical tools for solving problems of radiation and technogenic-ecological safety of Ukraine

Nuclear energy in Ukraine is provided by the operation of four operating nuclear power plants (15 reactors). For the next decades it is planned only to increase the capacity of this according to the “Energy Strategy of Ukraine until 2035” industry. Nuclear power plants are objects of increased danger. So, conditions should be provided to maintain environmental balance in Ukraine, innovative developments for radioactive waste management should be implemented, methods of wastewater treatment must be developed/improved, prevention and elimination of natural and emergency emergencies should be provided. It is important to create variety of scientific, technical and innovative developments to solve these problems. Their development is carried out by institutions and organizations, including the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The study analyzes and summarizes activities of the State Institution “The Institute of Environmental Geochemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine” on innovative developments to improve nuclear, radiation and technogenic environmental safety. The developments of the Institute are defined, described and systematized. The performed research was aimed to solve problems of sustainable development of nuclear energy, environmental problems of nuclear fuel cycle, handling of radioactive materials at all stages of their life cycle.

Energy Efficiency of the Ukrainan Economy: Problems and Prospects

The purpose of the article is to assess the current state of energy efficiency of Ukrainian economy and outline ways to increase it.
 The problem of high energy intensity of Ukrainian GDP is studied. The Ukraine’s position in the world on this indicator is analyzed. It is established that the main reasons for low energy efficiency of the national economy are the depreciation of fixed assets of large industrial enterprises; technological losses of electricity in the networks, which account for 11.6% of the total supply; lack of financial resources for the implementation of energy efficiency measures, lack of a systematic approach to energy consumption.
 The experience of implementation of Smart Grid projects of intellectual energy in the countries of the world is considered. It is established that more than 2930 organizations from 50 countries of the world take part in these projects. The main investments in Smart Grid projects are concentrated in: Denmark, Germany, Spain, France, Great Britain, France, Belgium and Sweden. In the European Union, companies implementing such innovative projects are reimbursed half of the costs of their implementation.
 The directions of the state energy saving policy in Ukraine are described: adoption of the Law of Ukraine “On Energy Saving”; creation of the State Agency for Energy Efficiency and Energy Saving of Ukraine; approval of the Energy Strategy of Ukraine for the period up to 2035; development of the draft Concept of integrated implementation of Smart Grid in Ukraine until 2035, which aims to reduce technological losses of electricity to 7.5%.
 It is concluded that it is necessary to create energy management systems (SEM) at large enterprises, which will optimize the volume and modes of electricity consumption and reduce its losses in the production process. The main functions of SEM, principles of energy efficiency management at the enterprise and functions of the energy manager are defined.

Управління проєктами розвитку газотранспортної системи України в контексті підвищення загроз енергетичній безпеці в умовах війни

The article examines the current problems of the development and modernization of the Ukrainian national gas transmission system in the context of the implementation of the main strategic tasks (according to the New Energy Strategy of Ukraine) and a number of provisions regulating the legal basis of the functioning of the natural gas market of Ukraine (in particular, the Law of Ukraine "On the Natural Gas Market"). However, Russia's invasion of Ukraine not only made it impossible to fulfill these tasks, but also led to the disruption of the global energy market and the world energy security system. Today, there is an urgent need to transform Europe's energy system, coordinate planning and financing of cross-border and national infrastructure, as well as the development and implementation of a large number of various energy projects.The need for a new approach to EU-wide infrastructure planning based on regional cooperation with Member States and relevant stakeholders to identify projects of common interest (PCIs) that contribute to the development of energy infrastructure priority corridors and thematic areas is proven. It is justified that the possibilities of transportation and storage of renewable gases (hydrogen, biomethane and synthetic methane) become one of the priority tasks for Ukraine, which offers itself to Europe as a promising and reliable partner.

PROSPECTS FOR DECARBONIZATION OF DISTRICT HEATING IN UKRAINE

The purpose of the work is to determine promising areas for decarbonization of district heating in Ukraine, as well as measures necessary for their practical implementation. State of the development of bioenergy in the world and in the EU is presented, and considerable contribution of bioenergy to the production of renewable heat is emphasized. In Ukraine, the existing problems of long-term planning at the state and regional levels in the heat supply sector need to be addressed. Recommendations for solving these problems have been developed. One of them is the elaboration of the Heat Supply Strategy until 2035, built on the principle of the Energy Strategy of Ukraine, as well as the Action Plan for its implementation. It is recommended to introduce the term “efficient district heating” in the legislation of Ukraine, which corresponds to Directive 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency, and to declare the purpose of increasing the share of such systems in district heating. The role of bioenergy in the process of decarbonization of district heating of Ukraine is analyzed. It is shown that one of the ways that can significantly improve the situation in heat supply is the wide involvement of biomass and solid biofuels in this sector. For the effective implementation of this task it is necessary to launch an electronic trade system for solid biofuels (biofuel exchange), introduce competition in district heating systems, as well as perform a set of additional actions and measures. This will allow not only to stabilize the situation with heat supply in Ukraine, but also to reduce the heat tariff for end users by 15-20%.

ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКО-ПРАВОВИЙ ДОСВІД ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЖИТТЄДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ВУГІЛЬНИХ МОНОМІСТ В УМОВАХ ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНОЇ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ

The article is devoted to the analysis of the features of ensuring the life of coal monofunctional cities in the conditions of energy transformation, which should be based not only on the legal definitions of the main categories, but also on the legal qualifications and the ratio of their object-subject compositions. It was determined that the Energy Strategy of Ukraine — 2035 focuses on the subject composition of certain types of transformation relations, while the object circle, after a complete rejection of coal in the energy sector and the termination of any subsidies to this sector, requires: coordination of structural changes with all stakeholders including the local population; basing plans for diversifying the economy, restructuring the coal industry, developing the infrastructure of post-coal regions on appropriate financial support, creating trust funds that will combine state, private and international assistance of various levels; transformation of unprofitable mines and, first of all, as an integral technically and organizationally separate (single) property complex of funds and resources. The concept of “coal monofunctional city” — a satellite of a city-forming enterprise for the extraction and processing of coal — an administrative-territorial unit, the specialization of labor of the population in which is determined by a set of directions for ensuring the operation of this enterprise and the life of its employees is proposed. The concept of “life activity of an employee of a coal mining enterprise is proposed — a set of daily processes, actions, activities that can ensure the existence of an employee, his family members, the entire workforce as a whole through training, communication, orientation, movement, self-service, control over his behavior, participation in labor activities with the help of physical, psychological and social functions”. It has been substantiated that the considered experience of such European coal-mining countries as Germany, Ro mania, Czech Republic, Poland, Great Britain can and should be adapted in the process of developing domestic con ceptual, strategic or program documents to support the life of coal monocities in the following blocks of relations: energy; environmental; social; economic; informational; administrative; housing and communal services; transport; law enfor cement.

SIMULATION OF NATURAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT GAS USING ADJUSTMENT FUNCTIONS LINGUISTIC VARIABLES BY PARETO METHOD

Natural gas in accordance with the provisions of the Energy Strategy of Ukraine for the period up to 2035, despite the significant development of "green" energy remains the main energy source in the country. Due to the accession to the single European area of regulation of natural gas trade in the country, all calculations for fuel consumption should be performed in units of energy. Thus, the defining issues are the quality of natural gas. One of the features of the gas supply system is a significant degree of uncertainty in the change of a large number of disturbing factors and constantly changing parameters of its operation. Among others, a mathematical model based on the theory of fuzzy logic was chosen to assess quality. Based on the results of consideration of factors characterizing the physical and chemical properties of natural gas extracted from the field, the quality of its preparation for transportation and technical conditions of operation of the gas distribution system of the settlement, a fuzzy set was obtained to determine fuel quality. One of the methods of analysis in complex and multiconnected systems is the Pareto method, which consists in classifying problems into a few, but essential, and numerous, but insignificant. Modeling the management of natural gas quality using the membership functions of linguistic variables, which are the factors influencing it by the Pareto method, allows to vary the most significant factors that take into account the most influential of them. The resulting Pareto bar chart clearly illustrates the number of factors influencing the quality of natural gas. The diagram shows that the most influential factors on the quality of natural gas and on reducing the operational reliability of gas transmission and gas distribution systems are, respectively, higher heat of combustion under standard conditions and fuel moisture content. In this regard, in the organizational and technological support of natural gas consumption at a high level, they should be considered in the first place.

СТРАТЕГІЧНИЙ КОНТЕКСТ GREEN DEAL ДЛЯ УКРАЇНИ

The strategic context of the European Green Agreement for Ukraine analyzed in the article. Ways for developing the process of formation the tasks and measures for the second and third stages of implementation the “Energy Strategy of Ukraine until 2035: security, energy efficiency, competitiveness” were elaborated. The strategic priorities of Ukraine in the field of energy efficiency, energy security and energy saving identified due to the contemporary trends and prospects for EU development in the direction of energy efficiency and energy saving. Moreover, these priorities considering the European integration orientation of Ukraine. The main elements of the European Green Agreement, the scope of EU policy on its implementation are outlined. The provisions of “Energy Strategy of Ukraine until 2035: security, energy efficiency, competitiveness” correlated with the provisions of the European Green Agreement. The necessity of formation the priorities and measures of strategy on the basis of concepts of energy efficiency, energy safety and sustainable development is substantiated. It is substantiated that the existing legislative and regulatory support in the field of nature management and environmental protection is insufficient and doesn’t correspond to modern economic and social situations. Moreover, external and internal threats to the strategy implementation have been identified. The algorithm for the formation and implementation of the energy security and energy efficiency strategy has been developed. The main directions of structural restructuring of the economy and placement of productive forces are worked out within the framework of the strategy due to the requirements of sustainable development and energy security. It was grounded that. The innovative direction of development should be decisive and based on active use of knowledge and scientific achievements, stimulation of innovative activity, creation of favorable investment climate, renewal of production means, formation of high-tech activities and branches of economy. Growth based on attracting investment in the use of renewable energy sources, in environmentally friendly production and “green” technologies.

Інноваційно-інвестиційна діяльність у розвитку альтернативних джерел енергії: фактори впливу

The article defines and systematizes the factors of innovation and investment activity in the development of alternative energy sources, followed by the separation of those groups of factors that have a dominant influence on the processes of ensuring innovation and investment activity in the development of alternative energy sources. The volumes of global investments in alternative energy sources are analyzed, in particular, it is determined that wind energy and biofuels have become the most investment attractive to foreign investors. It is identified that solar energy is characterized by rapid development and has the largest scale of construction of new capacities in Ukraine. The comparison of real indicators of renewable energy sources with the planned ones in accordance with the National Renewable Energy Action Plan until 2020 and the Energy Strategy of Ukraine until 2035 «Security, Energy Efficiency, Competitiveness» was carried out. It is determined that Ukraine, although it lags behind the global pace of implementation of the use of renewable energy sources, still has a tendency to reduce the consumption of traditional fuels, in particular imported natural gas. It is substantiated that at the center of the multidimensional system of factors of innovation and investment development of alternative energy sources should be the purpose of satisfying the interests of each individual citizen as the driving force of the necessary reforms on the effective use of territorial resources, as well as to ensure the sustainable development of the country. It is emphasized that precisely the innovative nature of development should cover a comprehensive study of all factors that are part of the relevant field of scientific knowledge, the achievement of scientific and technological progress, efficient socio-economic and environmental technologies. The need to focus on finding solutions and substantiating the effectivity of the implementation of alternative energy of the entire accumulated human, production and technological potential is determined. It is emphasized that the effective and dynamic use of alternative energy sources for Ukraine is a strategically important task, the solution of which will reduce the anthropogenic load on the environment, as well as increase the number of jobs, financial revenues to budgets of all levels, which, in turn, will lead to the sustainable development of the region and the country as a whole.

Specifics of Public-Private Partnership Projects in the Energy Sphere of Ukraine

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the implementation of public-private partnership projects in the energy sector of Ukraine. In particular, the content of key research concepts is determined, the current state of public-private partnership in the energy sector of Ukraine is analyzed, and the directions of increasing the efficiency of public-private partnership projects in the energy sector of Ukraine are determined. The analysis of the implementation of public-private partnership projects in the field of energy in Ukraine indicates the prospects and feasibility of implementing this mechanism of cooperation between the state and private companies. At the same time, it should be noted that today the regulatory, legal, institutional, personnel, financial support of public-private partnership in the field of energy, as well as the development and implementation of concession agreements in the field of energy need to be improved. It is proved that public authorities should first of all focus on intensifying the participation of private companies in innovation and investment processes, which, in turn, requires more effective interaction in the triangle of state-business-civil society. The implementation of this task should be entrusted to the GR-departments created in public authorities, which within the public-private partnership should prepare issues related to the coordination of the parties, inform about government projects and programs, and so on. It is determined that it is also necessary to develop the Concept of strategic development of public-private partnership in the field of energy and in the country as a whole. According to the results of the analysis of the Energy Strategy of Ukraine for the period up to 2035, the author singled out the following areas of improving the efficiency of the public-private partnership mechanism in the energy sector: development of state programs to support businesses and public-private partnership projects; implementation of European principles of regulation in the field of investment in the fuel and energy sector; introduction of the public-private partnership mechanism in the reservation of energy resources and the system of strategic reserves of energy resources. Keywords: public-private partnership, energy sphere, mechanisms, efficiency, projects, investments.

Determining the impact of Ukraine’s energy strategy on the efficiency of enterprise management

The paper is devoted to the determination of the impact of Ukraine's energy strategy on the efficiency of enterprise management on the example of DTEK, which is one of the key participants in the energy market of Ukraine. Despite the country's constant attention to energy security, the country remains vulnerable to external and internal threats and challenges. That is why the investigation of problems and perspectives of energy market development, as well as the efficiency of its enterprises are extremely important at present. The paper has the applied nature, the research is based on current data of recent years. In particular, the paper presents production volumes, dynamics of export-import and electricity consumption in Ukraine in 2020–2021. The energy market of Ukraine is investigated in detail and the key features of its development are determined. It is determined that the main consumers of electricity in Ukraine are large industrial enterprises and the population. The structure and key participants of management and regulation in the energy sector of Ukraine are revealed in this paper. The state regulation of the electricity market in Ukraine is analyzed, the forms of state aid, benefits and subsidy programs operating in the energy sector are characterized. The main goals of «Energy Strategy of Ukraine for the period up to 2035» project are highlighted and compared with previous programs and plans. It is established that the target parameters of the country's energy strategy should be formed on the basis of energy balance, that is a system of indicators that characterize the resources, production, supply and use of all fuels and energy. To analyze the impact of the country's energy strategy on the efficiency of enterprise management, key financial indicators for the period 2017–2019 of DTEK energy company, including: income, expenses, cost of sales, margin, net profit, assets, investments, paid taxes and others are analyzed. Achievments of the goals of Ukraine's energy strategy in the long-term perspective will contribute to the reduction of dependence on energy imports, overcoming the crisis in economy and increase of the country economic potential as a whole.

Аналіз напрямків та перспектив використання агробіомаси для виробництва енергії в Україні

Purpose of the study is to assess the current and prospective energy potential of agribiomass (agricultural residues and energy crops) in Ukraine, to determine its main components and the most effective areas of their use. Methods. The assessment of the current potential of agribiomass is performed using official statistics on crop production in Ukraine. Based on these data, the total amount of crop residues formed and their share available for energy needs is determined. When assessing the potential of energy crops, it is assumed that they are grown on 2 million hectares of unused agricultural land, the total area of which is up to 4 million hectares in Ukraine. The study of the prospective potential of biomass is performed for 2050, based on key growth factors, such as increasing yield of crops, especially cereals; doubling the area under energy crops and increasing their yields, etc. Results of the assessment show that according to 2018 data, the total bioenergy potential in Ukraine is more than 23 Mtoe (the economic potential). Its largest components are agricultural residues (44%) and energy crops (32%). Expert estimates suggest that by 2050, the biomass potential could increase to more than 47.5 Mtoe/yr, in other words almost to double. Forecasting the structure and directions of use of biomass potential by 2050 shows that about 20 Mtoe of biomass/biofuels of the following types will be consumed for energy: wood biomass, primary and secondary agricultural residues, energy crops, biogas/biomethane from different types of raw materials, liquid biofuels (biodiesel, bioethanol). Conclusions. Areas of use of biomass/biofuels include the production of heat and electricity from solid biofuels, obtaining of biogas and biomethane, as well as the production of motor biofuels (biomethane, biodiesel, bioethanol). In the near future, it is considered necessary to develop a long-term strategy for the development of bioenergy in Ukraine, taking into account results of the study. In turn, the basic figures of the bioenergy development strategy can be used for the elaboration of the updated Energy Strategy of Ukraine until 2050.