Energy Squeeze Research Articles

Research on oilfield production forecasting technology under low-carbon background

Under the background of the reform of energy development strategy and low oil prices, the sustainable development of oilfields faces multiple challenges of new energy squeeze, energy conservation and emission reduction, and low-cost development. Since oilfield development is a fairly complex process, only a more accurate prediction of oilfield output can better plan oilfield exploitation, reduce production investment, improve productivity, and promote the sustained and steady development of the oilfield economy. Based on summarizing the common oilfield production forecasting models: Weng’s model, decreasing yield model, time series method, machine learning method, etc., this paper analyzes and compares its similarities and differences, and proposes that the method based on the combined forecasting model is the development trend of oilfield production forecasting under the idea of low-carbon development in the future.

Effects of ultrasonic vibration on microstructure and mechanical properties of nano-sized SiC particles reinforced Al-5Cu composites

Ultrasonic vibration (UV) treatment has been successfully applied to improve the particles distribution of nano-sized SiC particles (SiCp) reinforced Al-5Cu alloy matrix composites which were prepared by combined processes of dry high energy ball milling and squeeze casting. When UV treatment is applied, the distribution of nano-sized SiCp has been greatly improved. After UV for 1 min, large particles aggregates are broken up into small aggregates due to effects of cavitation and the acoustic streaming. After UV for 5 min, all the particles aggregates are dispersed and the particles are uniformly distributed in the composites. Compared with the Al-5Cu matrix alloy, the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of the 1 wt% nano-sized SiCp/Al-5Cu composites treated by UV for 5 min are 270 MPa, 173 MPa and 13.3%, which are increased by 7.6%, 6.8% and 29%, respectively. The improvements of mechanical properties after UV are attributed to the uniform distribution of nano particles, grain refinement of aluminum matrix alloy and reduction of porosity in the composites.

Solar Energy Groundwater Pumping: A Sustainable solution to Energy Squeeze in Smallholders’Irrigation in India

India′s smallholder agriculture boomed with supplemental irrigation made possible by diesel and electric pumps.Nevertheless, the smallholders’ irrigation is under siege from an energy squeeze with deteriorating farm power supplyandmanifold increase in diesel prices. This energy squeeze undermines the adoption of broad range precision irrigation technologies and profitable productivity of small holdings.However, the use of solar energyparticularlyin groundwaterpumping anduse of pressured irrigationcould improve energy access, reduce fossil fuels consumptions, asaverage incident solar radiationover India’sgeographical areais of 4-7 kWh/m2/ day with 250-300 clear sunshine days/year. To promote solar energyuse under the prevailing solar radiation conditions and depth to water level scenario of groundwater a suitablegroundwater pumping system model is required to fulfil the irrigation needs. This paper describes a solar photovoltaic groundwater pumping model suitable for small farmirrigation ether by traditional methods of irrigations orby pressuredmethod, as it generates pressure headsof98 -147kPa whenincident solar radiation ranged from400- 800W/m2, the solar radiation condition which prevailsover its geographical area between 9.00-14.00 hrsround the year.

Design Approach for Solar Photovoltaic Ground Water Pumping System for Eastern India

Eastern India has rich resource base for intensive and diversified agriculture, but the production and productivity of this region is quite low due to lack of assured irrigation as even a short dry spell of drought adversely affects the stability of agricultural production. The energy squeeze in terms of lack of grid electricity and substantial increase in diesel prices refrain farmers from operating pumps for required number hours to fulfil their irrigation needs. Eastern India possesses enormous solar energy potential with solar radiation of 4.0 - 6.4 kWh/m2/day and 250 - 300 bright sunshine days/year. Therefore, it can be a year round reliable source of energy for groundwater pumping to meet supplementary irrigation requirements. In addition to energy reliability, the environmental pollution in terms of carbon emission could also be reduced. However, in view of initial investment cost of solar pumping system, cropping patterns and landholding sizes, the solar photovoltaic pumping system should be of appropriate size and should be designed in view of solar radiation availability, groundwater depth below ground level and crop water requirement in different seasons. This paper discusses about the design aspects of solar groundwater pumping system to fulfil these propositions.

Energy Squeeze of Ultrashort Light Pulse by Kerr Nonlinear Photonic Crystals

Self-phase modulation can efficiently shape the spectrum of an optical pulse propagating along an optical material with Kerr nonlinearity. In this work we show that a one-dimensional Kerr nonlinear photonic crystal can impose anomalous spectrum modulation to a high-power ultrashort light pulse. The spectrum component at the photonic band gap edge can be one order of magnitude enhanced in addition to the ordinary spectrum broadening due to self-phase modulation. The enhancement is strictly pinned at the band gap edge by changing the sample length, the intensity or central wavelength of the incident pulse. The phenomenon is attributed to band gap induced enhancement of light-matter interaction.

Behind the Themes and Between the Lines: Shedding Light on the Energy Squeeze

Behind the Themes and Between the Lines: Shedding Light on the Energy Squeeze

Energy in West Africa Issues and policy approaches

The West African Subregion, consisting of 16 member countries of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), is one of the poorest regions in the world and its energy problems are formidable. It is currently confronted with a double energy squeeze — high costs of both traditional energy and imported commercial energy. This paper identifies some of the community's energy problems and the necessary policy measures required to tackle them. It argues that the best strategy for an effective solution to these energy problems is through a combination of regional cooperative effort and more vigorous country level effort at energy resource development and utilization. Fortunately, the institutional framework for such a regional strategy has been established in the articles setting up the community in 1975. The need for energy institution building and strengthening at country and regional level in ECOWAS is also emphasized as this is critical for meaningful energy policymaking.

East and West in the Energy Squeeze: Prospects for Cooperation

East and West in the Energy Squeeze: Prospects for Cooperation

The Energy Squeeze: Canadian Policies for Survival

The Energy Squeeze: Canadian Policies for Survival